牡丹皮、川芎和石菖蒲挥发油提取工艺初步研究

目的确定牡丹皮、川芎和石菖蒲挥发油最适宜的提取工艺方法。方法用共水回流冷凝法研究3种药材混合提取及分开提取挥发油的工艺方法 ,以挥发油的质量为指标来评价提取工艺。结果混合提取及分开提取所获得的挥发油的质量,经统计学分析差异无显著性。结论共水回流冷凝法混合提取牡丹皮、川芎和石菖蒲挥发油的工艺可行、简便,适合工业化大生产。     

超临界二氧化碳流体萃取法与水蒸气蒸馏法提取广西产五月艾挥发油化学成分

目的分析广西产五月艾挥发油的主要化学成分。方法分别采用超临界二氧化碳（CO2）流体萃取法和水蒸气蒸馏法提取广西产五月艾挥发油,并通过GC MS技术对其进行分析,面积归一化法测定计算各成分的相对百分含量。结果超临界CO2流体萃取法提取的挥发油共鉴定出30种成分,占挥发油总成分的77.69 %;水蒸气蒸馏法提取的挥发油共鉴定出48种成分,占挥发油总成分的86.54 %。结论两种提取方法得到的五月艾挥发油组分与含量差别较大。     

经典名方苓桂术甘汤中挥发油提取工艺优选

目的 比较经典名方苓桂术甘汤中白术和桂枝混合挥发油的两种提取方法,优选其挥发油的提取工艺.方法 分别采用提取-共沸精馏耦合(WER)法和水蒸气蒸馏(SD)法提取白术和桂枝混合挥发油,采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)法对提取物进行分析,比较其差异.结果 WER法挥发油得率为每100 g生药0.51 mL,SD法挥发油...     

覆盆子挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

目的：分析覆盆子挥发油的成分。方法：采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取其挥发油，气相色谱-质谱法（GC—MS）对挥发油的成分进行分析鉴定。结果：共鉴定出28种成分，占挥发油总成分的86．03％。结论：覆盆子挥发油主要成分为正十六酸、黄葵内酯，分别占挥发油总量的28．23％和26．24％。     

白术挥发油化学成分的GC／MS分析

目的：鉴定中药白术挥发油的化学成分。方法：按照中国药典1995年版规定的方法提取白术挥发油，采用GC／MS联用仪分析其挥发油的化学成分。结果：共分离出77个组分，鉴定了其中46个成分，占挥发油总量的94.86％，其中含量高于1％的有11个，并且以苍术酮（atractylone）含量最高（43．7％），其他10个主要是萜类化合物。结论：本法分离效果良好，所鉴定组分较准确，对白术挥发油的开发应用研究有一定的参考价值。     

星点设计-响应面法优化超临界CO2萃取荜澄茄挥发油工艺

摘 要 目的：优化荜澄茄挥发油提取方法。方法: 采用超临界CO2萃取法提取荜澄茄挥发油,以星点设计 响应面法(CCD-RSM)探讨最佳萃取工艺参数,所得挥发油经GC MS分析,比较超临界CO2萃取法和水蒸气蒸馏法提取的荜澄茄挥发油成分的种类和含量。结果: 超临界CO2萃取法最佳提取工艺为温度44 ℃,压力26 MPa,乙醇夹带剂11 ml,时间40 min,提取的荜澄茄挥发油中有效成分总量为66.26%。检测出挥发油中主要成分为橙花醛、香叶醛和柠檬烯,超临界CO2萃取法提取的挥发性物质种类较水蒸气蒸馏法少,提取的挥发油中柠檬醛含量较水蒸气蒸馏法高。结论: 经星点设计 响应面法优化的荜澄茄挥发油提取工艺,为荜澄茄挥发油的质量控制提供了借鉴。     

脑脉Ⅰ号胶囊挥发油的包合工艺

目的：研究脑脉Ⅰ号胶囊挥发油的包合工艺。方法：正交试验法和GC／MS分析。结果：以挥发油利用率、包合物收得率、包合物含油率为指标，优选出挥发油饱和水溶液法的最佳包合条件为：挥发油和β－环糊精的比值为1ml:4g，包合温度为40℃，包合时间为2h，经GC－MS分析，包合前后挥发油主要成分基本一致。结论：用β－环糊精包合脉脉Ⅰ号胶囊挥发油，能有效地保存挥发油的有效成分，最佳包合工艺可靠。     

鱼腥草药材挥发油提取工艺优化及其成分分析

目的:优选水蒸气蒸馏法提取鱼腥草干品药材挥发油提取工艺,分析鱼腥草干品药材挥发油的组成。方法:采用正交实验法设计鱼腥草挥发油提取工艺,以鱼腥草挥发油中4-萜品醇、α-松油醇、乙酸龙脑酯、甲基正壬酮4种成分为评价指标,采用加权评分方法对提取方法进行分析,筛选水蒸气蒸馏法提取鱼腥草干品药材的挥发油的提取条件。并选用GC/MS法分析挥发油成分。结果:最佳提取工艺:剪碎成1 cm小段;料液比为1:15;浸泡30 min;提取5 h。并鉴定了鱼腥草干品药材挥发油中53种挥发性成分。结论:该提取工艺简便、合理,能准确反映药材的质量。     

澄茄子挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

目的：分离鉴定澄茄子挥发油的化学成分。方法：采用挥发油提取器提取澄茄子挥发油，应用GC—MS技术进行成分分析。结果：澄茄子挥发油经分离鉴定出57种化合物。结论：澄茄子挥发油中主要成分为柠檬醛、丁香烯、没药烯等萜类化合物，此外，还含有癸酸和月桂酸等脂肪酸。     

正交实验法优选干姜挥发油的提取工艺

目的优选干姜挥发油的提取工艺。方法采用正交实验设计,以干姜挥发油提取率为指标优选提取工艺;并采用紫外分光光度法测定挥发油的含量。结果优选提取工艺条件为干姜饮片加18倍量水,蒸馏提取4h。结论该提取工艺干姜挥发油提取率高。     

水菖蒲根状茎与根挥发油化学成分研究

目的分析比较水菖蒲根状茎和根挥发油化学成分。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取水菖蒲根状茎和根挥发油,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行分析鉴定。结果水菖蒲根状茎的主要成分是β-细辛脑(47.43%)、L-去氢白菖烯(9.75%)、异菖蒲烯二醇(5.41%)、前-异菖蒲烯二醇(3.53%);水菖蒲根的主要成分是白菖蒲烯(20.00%)、马兜铃烯(15.71%)、菖蒲二烯(14.19%)、反式-异榄香素(9.51%)。结论水菖蒲根状茎和根挥发油化学成分差异较大,在实际利用中应加以重视。     

Inhibitory effects of ginger oil on spontaneous and PGF2alpha-induced contraction of rat myometrium

Solvent extracts of ginger, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae), have been extensively studied for their pharmacological activities in smooth muscles. However, the effects of ginger essential oil on smooth muscle contractility have not been elucidated. The aims of the study were to investigate the effects of ginger oil on rat myometrial contractility. We particularly examined the effects on phasic contractions arising either spontaneously or with PGF (2) (alpha) stimulation. Ginger oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and its constituents analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Rats were humanely killed by asphyxiation with CO (2), and longitudinal uterine smooth muscles were isolated. Isometric force was measured and the effects of ginger oil studied. It was found that citral was the main constituent of ginger oil (24 %). Ginger oil inhibited spontaneous contractions with an IC (50) of 50 microL/100 mL (10 - 150 microL/100 mL). The PGF (2) (alpha)-induced contractions were also significantly reduced by ginger oil. Increases in external calcium concentration completely reversed the relaxant effects of ginger oil. This was the case for both spontaneous and PGF (2) (alpha)-induced contractions. The effects of ginger oil were indistinguishable from those of pure citral. In conclusion, ginger oil is a potent inhibitor of phasic activity in rat uterus, irrespective of how it was produced. Our data suggest that the effects are largely due to citral, and could be via inhibition of L-type Ca channels.     

响应面法优化生姜多糖的提取工艺研究

目的：采用响应面法优化法优化生姜多糖的提取工艺〔1〕。方法对醇沉水提法提取生姜多糖的工艺条件是运用 Box-Behnken中心组合响应面分析法优化,主要探讨影响生姜多糖提取率的3个主要因素即生姜多糖提取过程的提取温度、提取时间及提取料液比对生姜多糖提取率的作用。结果在此次实验条件下,采用醇沉水提法提取生姜多糖的最佳工艺条件应该是：提取时间118min,提取温度89℃,提取料液比为1∶15,生姜多糖的提取率可以达到4.62％。结论此工艺方便简单可行,是一条提取生姜多糖的的有效方法。     

GC-MS法比较水蒸气蒸馏法和超临界CO2萃取法提取复方苦黄方挥发性成分

比较水蒸气蒸馏（简称SD）法和超临界CO：萃取法（简称SFE—CO：萃取法）提取复方苦黄方中蛇床子、防风、苍术等三味中药的挥发性成分及相对含量。方法：采用气相色谱一质谱联用（GC—MS）法,对SD法提取的挥发油和SFE-CO,萃取法得到的萃取物进行分析,比较两种提取物中的化学成分,并用峰面积归一化法比较各成分的相对含量。结果：SD法提取的挥发油中分离鉴定出36种成分,SFE—CO：法得到的萃取物中分离鉴定出31种成分,其中22种成分相同,相对分子量主要集中在200～230之间。结论：SFE—CO：法对复方苦黄方中蛇床子、防风、苍术等三味中药有效成分的提取具有更高的选择性,是更适合本方剂的提取方法。     

白术超临界CO_2流体萃取部位脂溶性成分的GC/MS分析

目的:对白术超临界流体CO2提取物中脂溶性化学成分进行分析鉴定。方法:采用超临界CO2流体萃取技术从白术中提取挥发油;气相色谱-质谱法(GC/MS)分析鉴定脂溶性成分的化学成分,色谱柱为DB-5MS毛细管柱,载气为氦气,流速为2.0ml/min,柱温以10℃/min的升温速率从70℃升至250℃;质谱采用EI离子源。结果:共分离鉴定出19个色谱峰,大部分为不饱和脂肪酸类和酯类,占色谱总流出峰面积的96.2%。结论:可采用GC/MS法分析白术脂溶性部分的化学成分,以为白术的进一步开发和利用提供参考。     

The aromatic and polyphenolic composition of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L. subsp. officinalis) tea

The chemical composition of the widely used herbal tea made from lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L. subsp. officinalis) was previously unknown. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the main aromatic and polyphenolic constituents of the infusion were examined and compared with those of the leaves before and after infusion. The dried lemon balm leaves originally contained 0.32% essential oil of which citral (neral + geranial) 0.13%, total polyphenol compounds 11.8% comprising total hydroxycinnamic compounds 11.3% (rosmarinic acid 4.1%) and total flavonoid compounds 0.5%. The tea contained 10 mg/l of essential oil (extraction yield 31%) with much more citral (74% of the essential oil). It also contained large amounts of polyphenol compounds (about 1.07 g/l) corresponding to a 93% extraction yield.     

Composition, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of essential oils from Aristolochia mollissima

The compositions of the essential oils from the rhizome and the aerial part of Aristolochia mollissima were analysed by GC-MS, 68 constituents (88.2% of the total oil) and 74 constituents (89.4% of the total oil) were identified, respectively. 2,2,7,7-Tetramethyltricyclo[6.2.1.0(1,6)]undec-4-en-3-one was the most abundant constituent among all in the ratios of 15.9% and 13.5% from the rhizome and the aerial part of A. mollissima, respectively. Among other main compounds, (E)-β-santalol acetate (10.3%) and camphene (6.7%) were detected in the rhizome oil, spathulenol (6.8%) was detected in the oil from the aerial par of A. mollissima. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from the rhizome and the aerial part of A. mollissima was evaluated against 20 microorganisms using disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to both oils than gram-negative bacteria and yeasts. The rhizome oil showed the strongest bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus saprophyticus, whereas the oil from the aerial part of A. mollissima exerted the strongest bactericidal activity against methicillin-resistant and methicillin-senstive Staphylococcus aureus. The in vitro cytotoxicity of both oils on six human cancer cell lines were also examined. The cytotoxicity of the rhizome oil on four cancer cell lines (ACHN, Bel-7402, Hep G2 and HeLa) was significantly stronger than that of the oil from the aerial part of A. mollissima.     

CO_2超临界流体萃取法提取杜衡挥发油化学成分的分析

目的:促进杜衡在医药和精细化工等领域中的应用。方法:采用CO2超临界流体萃取法从杜衡中提取挥发油,并用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其化学成分进行分析。结果:共鉴定出22种成分,主要有1,2-邻苯二酸二异辛酸二酯(质量分数为20.47%)、丁香酚甲醚(15.37%)、油酸(13.21%)、亚油酸(12.53%)、榄香素(11.05%)、十六碳酸(7.59%)和十八碳酸(4.36%)。结论:本方法可为杜衡的进一步开发和利用提供参考。     

川楝花挥发油的GC-MS分析

目的比较研究新鲜和干燥川楝花的挥发油化学成分。方法采用GC-MS联用技术对新鲜和干燥川楝花化学成分进行分析。结果从新鲜川楝花中共分离出22个峰,鉴定出了16个化合物,占挥发油总含量的72.73%,主要为烷烃类化合物,此外还存在含氮和含氯化合物;干燥川楝花中共分离出41个峰,鉴定出了33个化合物,占挥发油总含量的80.49%,主要为醇类和酸类化合物,并且不存在含氮和含氯化合物。用峰面积归一化法得到各组分的相对含量。结论首次对新鲜和干燥川楝花挥发油进行了提取和分析比较。