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Blood carboxyhaemoglobin, plasma thiocyanate, and cigarette consumption: implications for epidemiological studies in smokers 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
C J Vesey Y Saloojee P V Cole M A Russell 《British medical journal (Clinical research ed.)》1982,284(6328):1516-1518
Carboxyhaemoglobin and plasma thiocyanate concentrations were found to be significantly correlated with self-reported daily cigarette consumption in 360 smokers (r = 0.416 and 0.412 respectively; p less than 0.001). The extent to which inhalation patterns affected the intake of cigarette smoke constituents was determined from the partial correlation between carboxyhaemoglobin and plasma thiocyanate concentrations after the number of cigarettes smoke per day had been allowed for (r = 0.48). Thus 23% of the variation in carboxyhaemoglobin and thiocyanate concentrations was accounted for by the was a cigarette was smoked and a further 21% by the number smoked a day. Furthermore, the relation between carboxyhaemoglobin or plasma thiocyanate and daily cigarette consumption was not linear but reached an asymptote at consumption rates above 25 cigarettes a day. These results suggest that by itself daily cigarette consumption will not identify those smokers most at risk and will also underestimate and dose-response relationship between smoking and selected diseases. 相似文献
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目的:探讨吸香烟、烟斗/雪茄烟和戒烟年数与炎症、凝血标记物之间的关系。方法和结果:研究对象来自英国24个城镇的开业诊所,为2920例年龄在60-79岁、无心肌梗死、心绞痛、脑卒中或糖尿病且未服用华法林的男性。经校正其他主要心血管危险因素后,与从不吸烟者相比,现行吸香烟者的C一反应蛋白水平(2.35mg/L vs 1.35mg/L)、白细胞计数(7.92×10^9/L vs 6.42×10^9/L)和纤维蛋白原水平(3.51g/L vs 3.13g/L)明显较高。 相似文献
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实验性吸烟对胎鼠及幼鼠血清IGF—I的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 用被动吸烟法建立宫内被动吸烟胎鼠及宫内至断乳前持续被动吸烟幼鼠动物模型,比较不同浓度香烟暴露对胎鼠及幼鼠血清IGF-I的影响。方法 SD雌鼠于交配后第2d,入低、中、高三种香烟浓度的被动吸烟和箱中,每日5h,孕21d剖宫取胎,收集胎鼠血清;或待孕鼠自然分娩,幼鼠置于与宫内相同香烟浓度的被动吸烟箱中,每日5h,孕21d断乳,取幼鼠血清。结果 不同浓度香烟暴露对胎鼠血清IGF-I的影响无显著差异,随香烟浓度增高幼鼠血清IGF-I呈下降趋势,高浓度组对照间差异显著。结论 宫内至断乳前持续被动吸烟降低幼鼠血清IGF-I水平,随香烟浓度增高,差异显著。 相似文献
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目的用被动吸烟法建立宫内被动吸烟胎鼠及宫内至断乳前持续被动吸烟幼鼠动物模型,比较不同浓度香烟暴露对胎鼠及幼鼠血清IGF-I的影响。方法SD雌鼠于交配后第2d,入低、中、高三种香烟浓度的被动吸烟箱中,每日5h,孕21d剖宫取胎,收集胎鼠血清;或待孕鼠自然分娩,幼鼠置于与宫内相同香烟浓度的被动吸烟箱中,每日5h,至21d断乳,取幼鼠血清。结果不同浓度香烟暴露对胎鼠血清IGF-I的影响无显著差异,随香烟浓度增高幼鼠血清IGF-I呈下降趋势,高浓度组与对照组间差异显著。结论宫内至断乳前持续被动吸烟降低幼鼠血清IGF-I水平,随香烟浓度增高,差异显著。 相似文献
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This study was designed to observe the dynamic changes of plateletaggregation with Born's method and serum fibrin degradation products(FDP)with staphy lococcus clumping test after smoke inhalation in rabbits.Pathological studies of the lung tissues and determination of the lung water werealso carried out after the animals were killed.It was found that there was marked increase of the platelet aggregation ratein the 2nd and 10th hour postburn(PB),and the platelet count decreasedprogressively after injury.FDP increased in the 6th and 24th hour PB.Pathologically,there were congestion,interstitial edema and alveolar hemorrhageand edema in the lungs.Under electron microscope,it was found that plateletaggregation occurred in the lumen of small pulmonary vessels.Most plateletswere deformed with evacuation of their granules.In addition,the lung watercontent increased apparently.In association with these changes,the animalsexhibited difficulty in breathing and rales over the chest.On the basis of our obervation,it is thus proposed that the changes ofplatelets and FDP may play important roles in the development of pulmonaryedema after smoke inhalation. 相似文献
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本实验采用比浊法(Born's法)和葡萄球菌猬集试验分别检测了家兔烟雾吸入伤后,外周血中血小板最大聚集率(PAR)和血清纤维蛋白降解产物(FDP)的变化,并辅以肺水量和肺脏的病理检查。结果表明:PAR于伤后2、10小时明显升高;血小板计数从伤后30分钟开始明显减少,持续24小时;伤后血中FDP升高,以6、24小时最为明显。病理检查发现:伤后动物有肺泡内水肿及出血,肺间质有纤维蛋白沉积,肺小血管内血小板凝集、脱颗粒;肺水量明显增加。伤后血小板和FDP的变化与动物的呼吸困难加重相一致。因而认为:烟雾吸入伤后,血小板和FDP在肺损伤的发展中可能起一定重要作用。 相似文献
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目的 分析关于临床护理人员职业暴露风险与防护对策.方法 对2017年1月至2019年12月医疗卫生机构发生职业暴露的45名临床护理人员的资料进行回顾性分析,对护理人员的基本资料、个人经历、职业暴露情况、护理实践操作、自我防护意识与防护能力等进行全面调查,以分析职业暴露风险因素,并制订相关防护对策.结果 经调查发现,45... 相似文献
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医务人员血源性病原体职业暴露风险与防护对策 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
目的了解医务人员感染经血液传播疾病的潜在危险因素,制定防护对策. 方法对某医院部分医务人员针刺发生情况及职业防护情况进行问卷调查. 结果被调查的120名医务人员中在近1年内发生针刺伤为93.1%;55.1%的医务人员在接触患者的血液、体液、排泄物、分泌物时不采取防护措施. 结论医务人员面临职业暴露危险,必须采取必要的措施,预防经血液传播疾病的感染. 相似文献
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目的 分析肛肠科医护人员职业暴露的危险因素,并制定防护措施.方法 对肛肠科医护人员在治疗过程中,可能或遇到的职业暴露危险因素,提出相应的职业防护措施及实施对策.结论 通过加强管理、规范执行标准预防、提高个人防护意识,对保障肛肠医护人员职业暴露安全、降低职业伤害的发生起到重要作用. 相似文献
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The response of ponies to Myxovirus influenzae A-equi 2. I. Serum and nasal antibody titres following exposure 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The antibody response in serum and nasal secretions of groups of ponies vaccinated or infected with Myxovirus influenzae A-equi 2 was examined. Following infection by aerosol with live virus, a weak antibody response was recorded in both serum and secretions. Antibody levels were undetectable in secretions at 31 days after infection.After primary intramuscular vaccination with killed virus, using sodium alginate as an adjuvant, antibody was detected only in the serum. However, following revaccination, a pronounced antibody response was demonstrated in both serum and secretions. Antibody was still detectable in all four ponies when tested 135 days later.Only a serum antibody response was detected in ponies after primary intramuscular vaccination with a commercial vaccine. Upon revaccination nasal antibody occurred in all ponies but this only persisted for about 30 days.Neither serum nor nasal antibody response occurred following intranasal vaccination and revaccination with a killed virus vaccine. 相似文献
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目的了解实习护士发生职业暴露的危险因素,制定预防措施。方法对近三年来发生职业暴露的护士的相关资料进行分析。结果在发生职业暴露的护士中,实习护士发生率高于在职护士。结论实习护士应加强预防职业暴露措施教育,增强防护意识,提高心理素质,熟悉操作环境及流程,预防职业暴露的发生。 相似文献
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【摘要】目的:观察不同烟龄大鼠在戒烟后肺组织病理及血清白介素-8(IL-8)浓度变化,探讨不同烟草吸入量对肺脏及全身的炎症后遗效应。方法:选用Wistar雄性大鼠170只,随机分为吸烟30天组(80只)、吸烟70天组(80只)及对照组(10只)。其中吸烟组按戒烟时相0天、3天、1周、2周、4周、6周、8周、12周,再次随机分为8个亚组,每亚组均10只。应用酶联免疫吸附法测定各组大鼠血清IL-8浓度,光镜下观察肺组织病理变化并进行病理学炎症评分。结果:各吸烟组大鼠在戒烟后各时相点较对照组血清IL-8的浓度高,肺组织病理炎症反应重,统计学意义明显(P<0.05);吸烟30天组在戒烟后8周血清IL-8的浓度达到高峰,肺组织病理炎症评分最高,随后可见IL-8的浓度有下降趋势,肺组织病理炎症反戒应有所减轻;吸烟70天组烟后,在所观测时间点内,血清IL-8的浓度持续升高,未见肺组织病理炎症反应减轻,且持续加重;吸烟70天组在戒烟后各时相点可见血清IL-8浓度及肺组织病理炎症反应评分明显高于吸烟30天组,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:吸烟时间越长,戒烟后肺组织及全身炎症反应持续时间越长且病情越严重;当发展至慢性阻塞性肺气肿(COPD)的严重阶段,单靠戒烟无法有效阻止疾病整体进程。因此,要提倡及早戒烟。 相似文献
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目的测定吸烟者血清抵抗素水平,并行颈动脉ET技术(血管回声跟踪技术)检测,探讨血清抵抗素水平与动脉弹性的关系。方法选择非吸烟者38例,吸烟者45例,检测血压、身高、体重、体重指数(BMI)、生化指标、血清抵抗素水平,并应用ET技术检测颈动脉压力应变弹性系数(Ep)、僵硬度(β)、顺应性(AC)、增大指数(AI)及脉搏波传导速度(PWVβ)。结果(1)吸烟组Ep、β、AI及PWVβ均高于非吸烟组,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05);AC低于非吸烟组,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。(2)血清抵抗素水平与β、P、PWVβ呈正相关关系(r=0.346,P=0.003;r=0.305,P=-0.009)。结论吸烟者血清抵抗素水平与β、PWVβ有相关性,三者均是早期发现动脉弹性病变的敏感指标。 相似文献
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目的 分析手术室医护人员职业暴露损伤的相关因素,探讨防护措施以降低损伤发生率.方法对手术室医师、护士在不同手术、使用不同仪器、不同时段职业损伤的发生率进行回顾性分析.结果 2007、2008、2009年职业暴露损伤发生率逐年下降,分别为23.21%、19.04%、14.08%;3年发生职业暴露损伤共35人,其中手术医师12人,手术护士23人.结论加强医护人员职业安全教育,规范各项操作规程,健全管理制度,完善防护措施,可以有效降低手术室职业暴露损伤发生率. 相似文献
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目的评估吸烟和非吸烟老年患者麻醉诱导时的插管反应。方法42例老年男性患者(>65岁),ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级,分为吸烟组(20例)和非吸烟组(22例)。每例患者均使用异丙酚、舒芬太尼和维库溴铵进行麻醉诱导,在插管前,诱导后1、2min和插管后即刻,1、3、5min记录心率、血压。麻醉诱导前测量还原血红蛋白浓度。所有患者由同一个医生进行气管插管。结果心律失常的发生率吸烟组(27.27%)高于非吸烟组(10.00%)。插管即刻吸烟组的心率增幅(41.34%)明显大于非吸烟组(20.88%);吸烟组的收缩压和平均动脉压增幅(45.11%和41.77%)明显大于非吸烟组(23.51%和20.78%)。结论在麻醉诱导插管时老年吸烟患者的心率、血压较老年非吸烟患者的波动明显。且老年吸烟者还原血红蛋白水平明显高于老年非吸烟者,携氧能力相对低下,更容易发生心肌缺血,其麻醉风险高。 相似文献