Examining Associations Between Dietary Inflammatory Index in Pregnancy,Pro-inflammatory Cytokine and Chemokine Levels at Birth,and Offspring Asthma and/or Wheeze by Age 4 Years

BackgroundFew studies have demonstrated associations between maternal dietary inflammatory index (DII) during pregnancy and offspring asthma and/or wheeze.ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess associations between maternal DII during pregnancy and 1) offspring cord sera pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α) and chemokines (IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) at birth and 2) offspring asthma and/or wheeze at age 4 years.DesignThe Healthy Start study is a prospective prebirth longitudinal study that recruited pregnant women in Denver, Colorado and tracked their offspring.Participants and settingThis study used data from 1228 mother-child dyads enrolled in the Healthy Start study. Pregnant women were recruited in Denver, Colorado, between 2009 and 2014, and offspring tracked until age 4 years.Main outcome measuresCord sera cytokines and chemokines were analyzed with multiplex panel immunoassays. Offspring diagnosis of asthma and/or wheeze by age 4 years was extracted from electronic medical records.Statistical analyses performedUnadjusted and adjusted linear and logistic regression models were used to assess associations. Covariates included factors such as nulliparity, race/ethnicity, gestational smoking, and maternal history of asthma.ResultsUnadjusted analysis showed that increasing maternal DII scores were associated with increased odds of child asthma and/or wheeze by 4 years (odds ratio = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.07-1.27), but the association was attenuated and no longer statistically significant in the adjusted model (odds ratio = 1.15; 95% CI: 0.99-1.33). There were no significant associations between DII scores and cord sera cytokine or chemokine levels.ConclusionsThe study showed that the inflammatory profile of the maternal diet was not associated with cytokines and chemokine levels at birth. The results suggested that a more inflammatory maternal diet was associated with increased odds of offspring asthma and/or wheeze by age 4 years, which could be considered of clinical relevance but the finding was not statistically significant at the .05 level.     

Association of Dietary Patterns with Cognitive Function and Cognitive Decline in Sydney Memory and Ageing Study: A Longitudinal Analysis

BackgroundThe relationship of dietary patterns to cognitive health in older adults has attracted much research attention. However, results from existing studies are inconclusive.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary patterns and overall cognitive performance and cognitive change over time.DesignThis analysis was conducted as part of the longitudinal Sydney Memory and Ageing study with 6 years’ follow-up. Mediterranean diet and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet scores were generated based on dietary intake for each individual, assessed by the Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies Version 2.Participants/settingThis longitudinal study comprised 1037 community dwelling nondemented participants aged 70 to 90 years at baseline (September 2005 to December 2007), recruited from Sydney, Australia.Main outcome measuresNeuropsychological tests assessed global cognition and 6 cognitive domains on 4 occasions, at baseline and 2, 4, and 6 years later.Statistical analyses performedLinear mixed-model analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between dietary scores, food components, and overall cognitive function and cognitive change over 6 years.ResultsNo associations of Mediterranean or Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension dietary scores with overall cognition and cognitive decline over 6 years were found. Higher intake of legumes and nuts was related to better overall performance in global cognition (β = .091; 95% CI: 0.035-0.146; P = .001) and to multiple cognitive domains and to less decline in global cognition (β = ?.016; 95% CI: ?0.032 to ?0.001; P = .032).ConclusionStudy findings suggest that greater consumption of legumes and nuts may be important to slow cognitive decline with age.     

膳食因素与2型糖尿病关系的logistic回归分析

目的：研究日常膳食因素与2型糖尿病患病的关系。方法：采用频数匹配病例对照研究设计,随机选择徐州市2型糖尿病新诊断病例185例,医院对照201例和人群对照197例,通过食物频数法膳食调查收集资料。使用logistic回归分析膳食因素与2型糖尿病的关联。结果：经单因素和多因素非条件logistic回归分析,结果显示膳食因素中高主食摄入（OR＝3．40）,经常性肉类摄入（OR＝2．29）,动物内脏摄入（OR＝2．47）,牛奶摄入（OR＝1．97）和甜食摄入（OR＝2．91）与2型糖尿病有显著性关联。结论：膳食中高能量,高脂肪,高糖摄入可能是当地2型糖尿病的危险因素。倡导健康的生活方法,提倡合理的膳食结构,是2型糖尿病防治的重要措施。     

2型糖尿病患者踝臂指数与糖尿病肾病的关系研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者踝臂指数(ABI)与糖尿病肾病(diabetic kidney disease,DKD)之间的关系. 方法 485例T2DM患者及56例健康体检者为研究对象.根据24 h尿白蛋白定量将T2DM患者分为正常尿白蛋白组(尿白蛋白＜30 mg)、微量尿白蛋白组(尿白蛋白30～300 mg)和临床尿白蛋白组(尿白蛋白＞300mg).观察各组之间踝臂指数的差异,探讨踝臂指数与糖尿病肾病的关系. 结果 T2DM患者踝臂指数高于正常对照组(P＜0.05).T2DM患者中,微量尿白蛋白组的ABI较正常尿白蛋白组高(P＜0.05),大量尿白蛋白组的ABI高于其他两组(P＜0.01).尿白蛋白与ABI相关性分析显示尿白蛋白与ABI呈负相关(r=- 0.216,P＜0.01).糖尿病肾病患者的肾小球滤过率与ABI亦呈负相关(r=-0.529,P＜0.05). 结论 ABI对糖尿病肾病有很好的早期预测价值,且与糖尿病肾病严重程度相关.     

Dietary Inflammatory Index and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease in the PREDIMED Study

Previous studies have reported an association between a more pro-inflammatory diet profile and various chronic metabolic diseases. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was used to assess the inflammatory potential of nutrients and foods in the context of a dietary pattern. We prospectively examined the association between the DII and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD: myocardial infarction, stroke or cardiovascular death) in the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) study including 7216 high-risk participants. The DII was computed based on a validated 137-item food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals of CVD risk were computed across  quartiles of the DII where the lowest (most anti-inflammatory) quartile is the referent. Risk increased across the quartiles (i.e., with increasing inflammatory potential): HR_quartile2 = 1.42 (95%CI = 0.97–2.09); HR_quartile3 = 1.85 (1.27–2.71); and HR_quartile4 = 1.73 (1.15–2.60). When fit as continuous the multiple-adjusted hazard ratio for each additional standard deviation of the DII was 1.22 (1.06–1.40). Our results provide direct prospective evidence that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular clinical events.     

Associations Among Plant-Based Dietary Indexes,the Dietary Inflammatory Index,and Inflammatory Potential in Female College Students In Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

BackgroundSaudi Arabian diets are transitioning to more Western dietary patterns that have been associated with higher levels of inflammation. Emerging evidence suggests plant-based diets are related to lower levels of inflammation; however, the definition of plant-based diets varies.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to identify the extent to which an overall Plant-Based Diet Index (PDI), Healthy-PDI (hPDI), and Unhealthy-PDI (uPDI) vs Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index correlate with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study carried out at King Saud University. Data on dietary intake, anthropometrics, and hs-CRP were collected.Participants/settingFemale students aged 19 to 35 years (n = 401) were recruited from King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between February and May 2019.Main outcome measuresThe main outcome was hs-CRP level.Statistical analyses performedPearson correlation and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to examine the associations between hs-CRP, each PDI, and Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII).ResultsE-DII and uPDI scores had a moderate and a small positive correlation with hs-CRP levels (r = 0.46 and 0.22, respectively), whereas PDI and hPDI scores had a small and a moderate inverse correlation with hs-CRP levels (r = –0.13 and –0.31, respectively). A 1-standard deviation higher E-DII score was directly associated with a 1.05 mg/L higher hs-CRP level (95% confidence interval 0.72 to 1.38; P < 0.0001) after adjusting for body mass index. Overall PDI score was not associated with hs-CRP levels. A 6-point higher hPDI and uPDI score were associated with a 0.13 mg/L lower hs-CRP (95% confidence interval ?0.08 to ?0.28) and a 0.15 mg/L higher hs-CRP (95% confidence interval 0.03 to 0.31), respectively, after adjusting for lifestyle and dietary factors; however, results attenuated and were no longer statistically significant after body mass index adjustment.ConclusionsAlthough all indexes had a small or moderate correlation with hs-CRP, only E-DII score was positively associated with hs-CRP level. Future research can examine PDI-based interventions for lowering inflammation.     

Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index,Dietary Patterns,Plant-Based Dietary Index and the Risk of Obesity

Evidence on the association between various dietary constructs and obesity risk is limited. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal relationship between different diet indices and dietary patterns with the risk of obesity. Non-obese participants (n = 787) in the North West Adelaide Health Study were followed from 2010 to 2015. The dietary inflammatory index (DII^®), plant-based dietary index (PDI) and factor-derived dietary pattern scores were computed based on food frequency questionnaire data. We found the incidence of obesity was 7.62% at the 5-year follow up. In the adjusted model, results from multivariable log-binomial logistic regression showed that a prudent dietary pattern (RR_Q5 vs. _Q1 = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.15–0.96), healthy PDI (RR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.12–0.77) and overall PDI (RR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.23–1.33) were inversely associated with obesity risk. Conversely, the DII (RR = 1.59; 95% CI: 0.72–3.50), a Western dietary pattern (RR = 2.16; 95% CI: 0.76–6.08) and unhealthy PDI (RR = 1.94; 95% CI: 0.81–4.66) were associated with increased risk of obesity. Based on the cubic spline analysis, the association between an unhealthy PDI or diet quality with the risk of obesity was non-linear. In conclusion, an anti-inflammatory diet, healthy diet or consumption of healthy plant-based foods were all associated with a lower risk of developing obesity.     

The Relationship Between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and Incident Frailty: A Longitudinal Cohort Study

Objective

Inflammation is key risk factor for several conditions in the elderly. However, the relationship between inflammation and frailty is still unclear. We investigated whether higher dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores were associated with higher incidence of frailty in a cohort of North Americans.

The Association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and Thyroid Function in U.S. Adult Males

Thyroid function has a close link with inflammation. However, it is still unknown whether the dietary inflammatory potential is associated with thyroid function. We aimed to assess the relationship among them using the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). This study was a cross-sectional study, where weighted multivariable linear regression, subgroup analyses, and interaction terms were employed. Thyroid function was assessed by eight indexes, including total and free T4 and T3, Tg, TgAb, TPOAb, and TSH. A total of 2346 male participants aged ≥20 years with an average age of 50.74 ± 17.68 years were enrolled. The mean DII score among participants was −0.46 ± 1.73, ranging from −4.12 to 4.41, and mean total thyroxine (T4) was 7.61 ± 1.51 μg/dL. We found a positive association between DII and total T4 (β = 0.07; p = 0.0044). Using subgroup analysis, this association became stronger in both the iodine-deficient and obese group (iodine-deficient group: β = 0.15, p < 0.0001; obese group: β = 0.14, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, men adhering to a more pro-inflammatory diet appeared to have higher total T4 levels. However, these hormone variations were still within the normal clinical range and more well-designed studies are still needed to validate the causal relationship between DII and thyroid function.     

上海市徐汇区中老年2型糖尿病患者膳食钙摄入干预研究

目的 了解上海市徐汇区糖尿病患者食物中钙摄入的情况以及和血糖控制水平的关系,探讨社区居民糖尿病血糖控制的相关因素和干预措施. 方法 采取二阶段分层随机抽样方法,选取上海市徐汇区四家街道社区卫生服务中心60～～75岁在册管理糖尿病患者中抽取单纯2型糖尿病患者共311人进行上门健康问卷调查和实验室相关指标检测,并对干预组给予营养学干预.问卷调查内容包括:基本情况及连续3d24h膳食回顾;体格检查包括测量身高、体重;实验室检查检测静脉和末梢空腹血糖.使用SPSS16.0统计学软件进行统计分析. 结果 糖尿病患者总体钙摄入中位数为524.6(375.5～～733.7)mg/d,摄入达标者仅占调查对象的13.2％.其中男性钙摄入量高于女性(P＜0.05);干预组干预后钙摄入人群分布情况、钙摄入量与基线相比,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);钙摄入量和血糖控制水平未见统计学关联(P＞0.05).干预后总体样本血糖控制不良组钙摄入量高于控制良好组(P＜0.05). 结论 上海市徐汇区2型糖尿病患者膳食钙摄入量普遍不足,营养干预后糖尿病患者膳食钙结构更为合理,干预效果良好.应加强对社区糖尿病患者尤其是60岁以上女性的膳食干预.     

Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Sarcopenia in Crohn’s Disease Patients

Background: Chronic inflammation is a pathophysiological cause of sarcopenia in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients. However, the potential impact of diet-related inflammation on sarcopenia has not yet been adequately investigated. We examined the associations between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and sarcopenia in CD patients. Methods: A total of 140 CD patients from Ruijin Hospital in Shanghai were included in this cross-sectional study. DII scores were calculated from the dietary data collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Sarcopenia was determined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between DII and sarcopenia. Results: The mean DII score was 0.81 ± 2.13, ranging from −3.24 to 4.89. The overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 26.4%. The higher DII score significantly increased the risk of sarcopenia in CD patients (OR_Quartile4vs1: 9.59, 95% CI: 1.69, 54.42, p_trend = 0.031) in the multivariable model after adjusting for more potential confounders. Moreover, CD patients with a lower DII had a significantly higher appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI, OR_Quartile4vs1: 5.48, 95% CI: 1.51, 19.87, p_trend = 0.018) after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, smoking status and drinking status model. Yet, there were no significant differences between DII and ASMI after adjusting for more potential confounders. Additionally, no significant association was observed between DII and handgrip strength in the multivariable-adjusted models. Conclusions: Pro-inflammatory diet was associated with increased risk of sarcopenia in CD patients. CD patients should have a proper intake of energy and protein. These patients could also benefit from supplementation with enteral nutrition due to its anti-inflammatory potential.     

Association Between Magnesium Status,Dietary Magnesium Intake,and Metabolic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Hypomagnesemia could worsen glycemic control by impairing insulin release and promoting insulin resistance. On the contrary, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may induce and/or exacerbate low serum magnesium levels, and this could, in turn, worsen glycemic control of diabetes.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum magnesium level, dietary magnesium intake, and metabolic control parameters in patients with T2DM.

Methods: The study included 119 patients with T2DM (26 male, 93 female; mean age 54.7?±?8.4 years). Serum magnesium level was measured by spectrophotometric method. Magnesium intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were taken. The General Linear Model procedure was applied to determine the relationship of serum magnesium with quantitative variables.

Results: Of the 119 patients, 23.5% of the patients had inadequate magnesium intake (lower than 67% of the recommended daily allowance), and 18.5% had hypomagnesemia. In patients with hypomagnesemia (< 0.75?mmol/l), serum levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), and serum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were higher compared to patients with normomagnesemia. FPG levels were significantly higher in patients with hypomagnesemia in Model 1 (179.0?±?64.9 vs. 148.7?±?52.0?mg/dl, p?=?0.009) but the significance disappeared in other models. PPG levels were significantly higher in patients with hypomagnesemia in all models (287.9?±?108.4 vs. 226.8?±?89.4?mg/dl, p?=?0.006 for Model 1, p?=?0.027 for Model 2, p?=?0.016 for Model 3). Serum HbA1c levels were significantly higher in patients with hypomagnesemia, and this significance proceeded (8.0?±?1.9% vs. 6.5?±?1.2%, p?=?0.000 for all models). Body fat mass was significantly higher in patients with hypomagnesemia as compared to patients with normomagnesemia in model 3 (35.4?±?9.4?kg, 34.6?±?10.2?kg; p?=?0.034). Dietary magnesium intake was not significantly associated with either metabolic parameters or anthropometric measurements.

Conclusion: Hypomagnesemia in T2DM is directly associated with poor metabolic control. Clinical assessment should, therefore, focus on augmentation of magnesium status and adequate magnesium intake in patients with T2DM.     

Association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and Gastric Disease Risk: Findings from a Korean Population-Based Cohort Study

Evidence suggests that diets with high pro-inflammatory potential may play a substantial role in the origin of gastric inflammation. This study aimed to examine the association between the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII^TM) and gastric diseases at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 7.4 years in a Korean population. A total of 144,196 participants from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study_Health Examination (KoGES_HEXA) cohort were included. E-DII scores were computed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to assess the association between the E-DII and gastric disease risk. In the prospective analysis, the risk of developing gastric disease was significantly increased among individuals in the highest quartile of E-DII compared to those in the lowest quartile (HR_quartile4vs1 = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.08–1.38). Prospective analysis also showed an increased risk in the incidence of gastritis (HR_quartile4vs1 = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.04–1.37), gastric ulcers (HR_quartile4vs1 = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.16–1.85), and gastric and duodenal ulcers (HR_quartile4vs1 = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.17–1.81) in the highest E-DII quartile compared to the lowest quartile. In the cross-sectional analysis, the E-DII score was not associated with the risk of gastric disease. Our results suggest that a pro-inflammatory diet, indicated by high E-DII scores, is prospectively associated with an increased risk of gastric diseases. These results highlight the significance of an anti-inflammatory diet in lowering the risk of gastric disease risk in the general population.     

Dietary Inflammation Index and Its Association with Long-Term All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in the General US Population by Baseline Glycemic Status

Dietary inflammatory potential has been proven to be correlated with the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, the evidence regarding the impact of dietary inflammatory patterns on long-term mortality is scarce. This cohort study aims to investigate the dietary inflammatory pattern of the general US individuals by baseline glycemic status and to estimate its association with long-term mortality. A total of 20,762 general American adults with different glycemic statuses from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. We extracted 24-h dietary information, and the dietary inflammatory index (DII) was calculated. The outcomes were defined as 5-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Compared with the normoglycemia group, individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes had higher DII scores (overall weighted p < 0.001). Compared with low DII scores, participants with high DII scores were at a higher risk of long-term all-cause mortality (HR: 1.597, 95% CI: 1.370, 1.861; p < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 2.036, 95% CI: 1.458, 2.844; p < 0.001). The results were stable after adjusting for potential confounders. Moreover, the prognostic value of DII for long-term all-cause mortality existed only in diabetic individuals but not in the normoglycemia or prediabetes group (p for interaction = 0.006). In conclusion, compared to the normoglycemia or prediabetes groups, participants with diabetes had a higher DII score, which indicates a greater pro-inflammatory potential. Diabetic individuals with higher DII scores were at a higher risk of long-term all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.     

Effect of an Antenatal Lifestyle Intervention on Dietary Inflammatory Index and Its Associations with Maternal and Fetal Outcomes: A Secondary Analysis of the PEARS Trial

We investigated the effect of an antenatal lifestyle intervention of a low-glycaemic index (GI) diet and physical activity on energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII^TM) and explored its relationship with maternal and child health in women with overweight and obesity. This was a secondary analysis of 434 mother−child pairs from the Pregnancy Exercise and Nutrition Study (PEARS) trial in Dublin, Ireland. E-DII^TM scores were calculated for early (10–16 weeks) and late (28 weeks) pregnancy. Outcomes included lipids, inflammation markers, insulin resistance, mode of delivery, infant size, pre-eclampsia, and gestational diabetes. T-tests were used to assess changes in E-DII^TM. Chi-square, correlations, and multiple regression were employed to investigate relationships with outcomes. The mean (SD) age of participants was 32.45 (4.29) years with median (IQR) BMI 28.25 (26.70, 31.34) kg/m². There was no change in E-DII^TM in the controls (−0.14 (1.19) vs. −0.07 (1.09), p = 0.465) but E-DII^TM reduced by 10% after the intervention (0.01 (1.07) vs −0.75 (1.05), p < 0.001). No associations were found between early pregnancy E-DII^TM and maternal and child outcomes, except for increased odds of adverse cardiometabolic phenotype in women who delivered male (OR = 2.29, p = 0.010) but not female infants (OR = 0.99, p = 0.960). A low-GI antenatal intervention can reduce the inflammatory potential of diets. Sex differences should be explored further in future research.     

Dietary Inflammatory Index and the Risk of Hyperuricemia: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chinese Adult Residents

Background: Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores have been consistently associated with several chronic diseases. This study explored the correlation between the DII and hyperuricemia in Chinese adult residents. Methods: The study included 7880 participants from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), which was taken in in 2009. A 3-day 24 h meal review method was used to collect diet data and to calculate the DII score. Serum uric acid was obtained to determine hyperuricemia levels. Subjects were divided into a hyperuricemia group and a non-hyperuricemia group, according to their serum uric acid level. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to examine the association between DII scores and hyperuricemia. Results: After adjusting for covariates, a higher DII score was determined to be associated with a higher risk of hyperuricemia. Compared to those in the highest DII score group, the lower DII score group had an inverse association with hyperuricemia risk (Q2: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70–0.99; Q3: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.60–0.86; Q4: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.61–0.88). The intake of energy-adjusted protein, total fat, MUFAs, PUFAs and saturated fatty acid was higher in the hyperuricemia group. Conclusions: A higher DII score is significantly associated with a higher risk of hyperuricemia. Controlling the intake of pro-inflammatory food may be beneficial to reduce the risk of hyperuricemia.     

The Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Associated with Low Muscle Mass and Low Muscle Function in Older Australians

Age-associated chronic, low grade systemic inflammation has been recognised as an important contributing factor in the development of sarcopenia; importantly, diet may regulate this process. This cross-sectional study examined the association of diet-related inflammation with components of sarcopenia. Participants (n = 809) aged 60–95 years from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study were studied. Body composition was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. In this study, low appendicular lean mass (ALM/height², kg/m²) was defined as T-score < −1 and low muscle function as Timed-Up-and-Go >10 s over 3 m (TUG > 10). Dietary inflammatory index (DII^®) scores, based on specific foods and nutrients, were computed using dietary data collected from a food frequency questionnaire. Associations between DII scores and low muscle mass and low muscle function, alone and combined, were determined using linear and logistic regression. After adjusting for covariates, higher DII score was associated with lower ALM/height² (β −0.05, standard error (SE) 0.02, p = 0.028), and higher natural log-transformed (ln) (TUG) (β 0.02, standard error 0.01, p = 0.035) and higher likelihood for these components combined (odds ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.69, p = 0.015). A pro-inflammatory diet, as indicated by higher DII score, is associated with lower muscle mass, poorer muscle function and increased likelihood for the combination of low muscle mass and low muscle function. Further studies investigating whether anti-inflammatory dietary interventions could reduce the risk of sarcopenia are needed.     

2型糖尿病患者及非糖尿病人群的踝臂指数与高血压相关性研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者及非糖尿病人群中高血压与踝臂指数(ABI)的相关性。方法选取124例2型糖尿病患者作为糖尿病组,本院体检的122例非2型糖尿病体检人群作为对照组。比较两组人群高血压及非高血压人群的踝臂指数,同时分析两组人群ABI与收缩压、舒张压的简单线性相关性。最后运用Logistic回归研究两组人群高血压与ABI的相关性。结果两组人群ABI存在显著差异(P<0.05)。在糖尿病组,ABI在高血压人群与非高血压人群存在显著差异,而且,ABI与收缩压及舒张压均存在简单相关性(P<0.05)。在非校正模式及校正年龄、性别、总胆固醇、HDL、LDL、甘油三酯、BMI、腰围等影响因素后,高血压是ABI的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。但在非糖尿病人群中,均未发现上述相关性。结论 2型糖尿病患者中,高血压与反映外周动脉硬化的踝臂指数独立相关。     

2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者的心功能与骨质疏松的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者的心功能与骨质疏松的关系。方法 148例2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者,按骨密度分为低骨量组与正常骨量组,行心脏彩色多普勒检查心脏收缩和舒张功能及进行血清钙、磷、镁离子含量检测。结果 2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者的心脏收缩及舒张功能低骨量组均较骨量正常组差(P<0.01),但血清钙、磷、镁含量在两组间并无显著性差异。结论 2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者的心功能随着骨密度的降低有所减退。     

The Dietary Inflammatory Index and Early COPD: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

We examined 3962 people aged 20 to 49 years who had information on spirometry testing and underwent a 24 h dietary recall interview from the 2007–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and used multivariable logistic regression to evaluate associations between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII, a pro-inflammatory diet) and early COPD and lung function. The overall prevalence of early COPD was 5.05%. Higher DII was associated with increased odds of early COPD (quartile 4 vs. 1, the OR = 1.657, 95% CI = 1.100–2.496, p = 0.0156). In a full-adjusted model, each unit of increase in DII score was associated with a 90.3% increase in the risk of early COPD. Higher DII is significantly associated with lower FEV₁ and FVC among individuals with early COPD, each unit increment in the DII was significantly associated with 0.43 L–0.58 L decrements in FEV₁ (β = –0.43, 95% CI = −0.74, −0.12) and FVC (β = −0.58, 95% CI = −1.01, −0.16). These findings demonstrate that higher consumption of a pro-inflammatory diet may contribute to an increased risk of early COPD and lower lung function, and further support dietary interventions as part of a healthy lifestyle in order to preserve lung function and prevent or improve COPD.