老年冠心病患者脂代谢与凝血功能关系的临床分析

目的 探讨血脂和凝血功能在老年冠心病患者发病中的作用及两者的关系.方法 本文对220例冠心病患者和70例无冠状动脉病变对照者的血浆测定血浆脂蛋白a [LP(a)]、血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、凝血酶-抗凝血酶Ⅲ复合物(TAT)、D-二聚体(D-D)、血浆纤维蛋白原(Fg)水平,根据冠状动脉造影结果将冠心病组分为单支和多支病变组,观察其与各指标之间的关系.结果 老年冠心病组血脂水平和血浆Fg、TAT、D-D明显高于对照组,HDL-C低于对照组,且随着冠状动脉病变支数的增加,指标均明显升高(P＜0.05).Fg、LDL-C、LP(a)与冠状动脉病变程度密切相关(OR分别为1.17、1.10、和1.04、P＜0.05).结论 Fg、LDL-C和LP(a)是冠心病发病的独立危险因子;血浆Fg、TAT和D-D浓度的监测对体内高凝状态和冠心病的预防具有重要意义.     

脂蛋白(a)与血脂相关指标在脑动脉粥样硬化患者中的表达及早期预防价值

目的探讨脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)]与血脂相关指标在脑动脉粥样硬化患者中的表达及早期预防价值。方法选取本院2015年4月至2017年1月收治的61例脑动脉粥样硬化患者作为观察组,另选取60例同期健康体检者作为对照组,均行LP(a)及血脂相关指标[甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)]检测。对比两组LP(a)及TG、LDL-C、TC、HDL-C水平,分析LP(a)与各血脂指标的相关性。结果观察组TG、LDL-C、TC及LP(a)水平均高于对照组,HDL-C水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);LDL-C及TC水平随LP(a)水平升高而升高,呈正相关(均P0.05)。结论 LP(a)为引发脑动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素,LDL-C及TC与LP(a)水平呈正相关,可作为临床预测早期动脉粥样硬化的依据。     

脑出血患者的血脂测定

目的 为了研究脑出血患者的血脂水平与发病的关系。方法 对136例脑出血患者血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)]水平进行检测,并与100例年龄、性别匹配的非心脑血管系统疾病及非糖尿病病人进行对比分析。结果 脑出血组血HDL-C、LP(a)含量显著低于对照组;TG含量显著高于对照组;而TC、LDL-C无显著性差异。结论 血HDL-C、LP(a)浓度降低和TG浓度增高与脑出血有一定的相关关系,可作为脑出血的危险因素。     

血清胆红素与冠心病冠状动脉狭窄病变程度及血脂的关系

目的 探讨血清胆红素与冠心病冠状动脉狭窄病变程度及血脂的关系.方法 将112例已行冠状动脉造影患者分为冠心痛组及对照组(冠状动脉造影正常者),比较两组间血清总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、间接胆红素(IBIL)及血脂水平,并对胆红素与血脂进行直线相关分析.结果 冠心病组血清TBIL、DBIL和IBIL水平均低于对照组(P＜0.05),总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)均高于对照组(P＜0.05).冠心病组中冠状动脉多支病变者血清TBIL、DBIL和IBIL水平均低于单支病变者(P＜0.05).相关分析显示,血清胆红素与TG和LDL-C呈负相关,HDL-C与前三者呈正相关(P＜0.01).结论 血清胆红素与血脂相关.可能参与血脂代谢.低胆红素血症易患冠心病,血清胆红素水平越低,冠状动脉狭窄病变程度越重.     

血清尿酸和血脂检测在冠心病中的临床意义

目的 探讨血清尿酸(SUA )、血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)检测结果与冠心病相关关系及其临床意义.方法 选取确诊冠心病病例153例为冠心病组,健康体检病例150例为健康对照组,测定两组SUA和血脂,并进行分析.结果 与健康对照组比较,冠心病组的SUA (498.4±73.4)μmol/L、血清TC (6.2±2.3 )mmol/L,TG (3.3±1.0 )mmol/L,LDL-C水平显著增高(4.2±1.6) mmol/L (P<0.05),HDL-C水平显著降低(1.1±0.5)mmol/L(P<0.05 ).结论 冠心病的发病与高SUA、高TC,高TG、高LDL-C及低HDL-C相关,联合检测SUA、血脂对冠心病病情监测具有一定价值.     

ROC曲线分析血脂各指标对冠心病患者的应用价值

目的分析血脂各指标对冠心病患者的临床应用价值。方法分别确定79例冠心病患者和70例非冠心病人员作为分析组及对照组,分别测定Lp(a)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)及A1/B比值,应用ROC曲线及其它评价指标进行比较及分析。结果2组血脂检测结果比较,Lp(a)、TC、TG、HDL-C、ApoA1及A1/B差异有统计学意义(P<0.01/0.05);ROC曲线下面积(AUC)>0.7且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)的有Lp(a)、HDL-C和ApoA1,分别为0.706、0.745及0.703;HDL-C的诊断灵敏度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及阳性似然比最高,分别为43%、81%、58%及3.76,它的似然比最低,为0.64,诊断特异性最高是A1/B,最低是LDL-C。结论各项血脂指标对冠心病的诊断准确性较低,其中Lp(a)、HDL-C及ApoA1对CHD的临床应用价值较其它指标大。     

血浆同型半胱氨酸、脂蛋白（a）水平与冠心病的相关性研究

目的探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)]的变化与冠心病(CHD)的关系。方法将233例CHD患者分为三组,无症状型CHD组55例,稳定型心绞痛组95例,心肌梗死组83例,50名健康者作为对照组,同时根据冠脉造影进一步将观察对象分为一支病变组(93例),双支病变组(81例)和多支病变组(59例)分别在HITACHI-7600-020全自动生化分析仪上测定血浆Hcy及LP(a)的水平。结果冠心病患者血浆Hcy、LP(a)的水平均比健康对照组明显增高,二者有显著差异(P<0.01,P<0.05),急性心肌梗死组高于稳定型心绞痛组,稳定型心绞痛组高于无症状型CHD组;且血浆Hcy、LP(a)水平随病变支数增加而增高。结论CHD患者血浆Hcy、LP(a)水平明显增高,且与冠状动脉病变程度及冠脉病变支数呈正相关,是冠心病的独立危险因素。     

血尿酸水平与冠状动脉病变的关系

目的 探讨血尿酸水平与冠心病患者冠状动脉病变程度的关系.方法 对186例冠心病患者进行冠状动脉造影,将冠状动脉造影证实的108例为冠心病患者作为冠心病组,其余为对照组(男38,女40),测定其总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及尿酸水平.结果 冠心病组血尿酸和血脂高于对照组(P＜0.05),且患者冠状动脉病变范围越大,血尿酸、血脂水平越高.结论 血尿酸水平,血脂水平与冠心病有关.高尿酸浓度可能是导致冠心病的危险因素.     

低剂量辛伐他汀对急性冠状动脉综合征患者血脂、C-反应蛋白及纤维蛋白原的影响

目的观察低剂量辛伐他汀治疗前后急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者血脂、C-反应蛋白(CRP)及纤维蛋白原(FIB)的变化。方法120例ACS患者被随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组60例;对照组予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗基础上每日加用辛伐他汀20 mg,疗程2月。结果治疗组总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白F胆固醇(HDL-C)较治疗前明显升高(P<0.05),CRP及纤维蛋白原较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05);对照组各观察指标治疗前后无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论低剂量辛伐他汀能有效调节急性冠状动脉综合征患者血浆中血脂、降低CRP及FIB水平,值得临床推广应用。     

老年冠心病、脑梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸与血糖、脂蛋白、血尿酸之间的关系

目的探讨老年冠心病、脑梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与空腹血糖(FBG)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)、脂蛋白[Lp(a)]、尿酸(UA)的关系。方法测定107例住院老年冠心病和脑梗死患者血清Hcy、FBG、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、LP(a)、UA等指标,并根据Hcy升高与否分为两组,比较两组FBG、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、LP(a)、UA的数值。结果Hcy升高组(A组)患者FBG、LP(a)、UA高于Hcy正常组(B组)。A组:FBG(5.51±1.30)mmol/L,TC(4.15±0.71)mmol/L,TG(1.39±1.06)mmol/L,HDL-C(1.08±0.32)mmol/L,LDL-C(2.47±0.73)mmol/L,Lp(a)(34.67±4.08)mg/dl,UA(374.11±9.87)μmol/L。B组:FBG(4.44±0.71)mmol/L,TC(4.03±1.89)mmol/L,TG(1.22±0.76)mmol/L,HDL-C(1.12±0.36)mmol/L,LDL-C(2.35±0.60)mmol/L,LP(a)(24.09±3.93)mg/dl,UA(326.79±11.96)μmol/L。两组间:FBG、LP(a)、UA差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组间:TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论FBG、LP(a)、UA与血清Hcy密切相关。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.