A rare form of persistent Mullerian duct syndrome: Transverse testicular ectopia with germ cell testis cancer and hernia uteri inguinalis

Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome is a rare form disorder of sexual differentiation characterised by the persistence of Mullerian derivatives (fallopian tubes, uterus and the proximal vagina) in males with an XY karyotype and normal virilisation. We report a case of a 29-year-old man with right transverse testicular ectopia, mix germ cell cancer at ectopic right testis and left-sided obstructed inguinal hernia containing a uterus and fallopian tube. We performed orchiectomy and hysterectomy on the patient.     

A case of 46, XY DSD presenting as a crossed ectopic gonad with a contralateral sliding inguinal hernia

A three-month-old boy was referred to our facility for the treatment of a right impalpable testis, left inguinal hernia, and penoscrotal hypospadias with asymmetric external genitalia. The left gonad was palpated in the left scrotum. The chromosomal study revealed a normal male 46, XY karyotype. Operative findings showed that the right streak gonad, uterus, and fallopian tubes were in the wall of the left hernia sac, forming a sliding hernia. Laparoscopy confirmed that the right gonadal vessels had crossed to the left internal inguinal ring. Herniorrhaphy was done and the right streak gonad, uterus, and fallopian tubes were excised. An exploration of the left gonad revealed an ovotestis. The ovary was removed, and a left testicular biopsy was simultaneously performed. A one-stage hypospadias repair using Koyanagi procedure was also performed. The pathological findings showed an ovarian stroma in the right gonad and left ovary. Only Sertoli cells were detected in the biopsied specimen from the left testis.     

Abdominal wall ectopic testis mimicking spigelian hernia

We encountered a patient with a swelling in the left lateral infraumbilical region and a left undescended testis. The appearance of the swelling was suggestive of a spigelian hernia. At operation, the swelling was actually an abdominal ectopic testis with associated inguinal hernia. This unusual finding led us to report this occurrence and present a brief review of the relevant literature.     

Preperitoneal ectopic testis: a case report

We report a 5 1/2-year-old boy with preperitoneal ectopic testes. This condition has been reported only once before. Both testes were attached to the umbilicus and at operation were successfully placed in the scrotum.     

A case report of non-functional ectopic left kidney obstructing the right kidney in crossed fused kidneys: A rare entity

Introduction and importanceCrossed fused renal ectopia is a rare congenital condition that might pose some diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to clinicians. We report a patient with a non-functional crossed fused ectopic left kidney that obstructed the orthotopic kidney in a rarely observed situation.Case presentationA 68-year-old male presented a right flank pain with fever. The diagnosis of right obstructive pyelonephritis was dressed, after biological and radiological investigations. The obstacle was a crossed ectopic left kidney in its inferior variety. The ectopic kidney was non-functional as result of an obstructive ureteral calculus. The patient had right ureteral stenting with a double-J catheter. Three months later, left nephrectomy was performed by lumbotomy. Per operative difficulties were mainly the infiltration of peri renal fat, the anarchic vascularization and the multiple small pedicles of the ectopic kidney that was also malrotated with the hilum facing anteriorly. Postoperative recovery was uneventful and the patient left the hospital after three days.Clinical discussionCrossed Fused renal ectopy is rare. As shown in this case, the ectopic kidney might cause damage to the orthotopic kidney, by compression to urinary ducts. Surgery is the main treatment option. Some difficulties related to aberrant vascularization and possible malrotation is to preview.ConclusionCrossed fused renal ectopia is uncommon renal anomaly, mostly asymptomatic. However, it may be responsible of some complications, sometimes severe. Surgery can be delicate due to vascular complexity.     

A case report of a congenital left subcostal hernia in a neonate

We present an unusual case of a congenital left subcostal hernia in a female born at 39 weeks by caesarean delivery to a 39 year-old gravida₂para_1-2abortus₀ mother. The pregnancy was complicated by gestational diabetes, although she had normal prenatal imaging. After an uneventful caesarean delivery, the patient's initial physical examination was normal although subsequently was found to have a left subcostal hernia. During surgical evaluation, a reducible hernia was found along with left renal agenesis and no underlying masses. At 4 weeks of age, the patient's hernia was successfully repaired with no sequela. We present the first reported case of a congenital subcostal hernia, evaluation, and treatment.     

A left paraduodenal hernia causing acute bowel obstruction: a case report

We present the case of a 54-year old woman who presented twice at our emergency department with progressive abdominal pain. Over the last few years, multiple short periods of abdominal pain had occurred: the pain always resolved spontaneously after a few hours. She had no past medical history. CT scan revealed a sac-like mass of small bowel loops to the left of the ligament of Treitz, consistent with the diagnosis of a left paraduodenal hernia. On laparotomy, a left paraduodenal hernia with incarceration of small bowel loops was found; the herniated loops were reduced and the hernia orifice closed. The anatomy, treatment and importance of considering this uncommon diagnosis when examining a patient with acute small bowel obstruction are discussed.     

Uncommon case of incomplete left paraduodenal hernia

Internal hernias are very rare. The hernial orifice, sac and content are situated inside the abdomen. Paraduodenal hernias are relatively rare congenital malformations and account about 50 per cent of all internal hernias. The cause of this malformation is the incomplete rotation of the mid-gut. Right and left paraduodenal hernias are different, varying in anatomic structure and embryological origin. In right paraduodenal hernia the small bowel is partially or completely localised behind the mesocolon of the ascending colon, in left paraduodenal hernia behind the mesocolon of the descending colon. That is why the widely used name "mesocolic" hernia is more convenient, because it refers on the pathogenesis of the disorder. The complaints can vary from recurrent atypical abdominal pains to the complete small bowel obstruction, but often there are no complaints. Abdominal CT scan and the barium meal provide the best diagnostic approach for paraduodenal hernias, but it will be recognised very often only at an emergency operation. A case of small bowel obstruction caused by incomplete left paraduodenal hernia discovered after swallowing a foreign body is described with pathogenesis, diagnosis and possible treatments for the disease.     

Giant seminoma of the left testis: a case report]

A 66-year-old man visited our hospital with a history of a slowly growing left scrotal contents for the past 5 years. Serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and lactate dehydrogenase was greatly elevated. The resected mass was 26 cm x 16 cm x 13 cm in size, 2,258 g in weight. It arose from left testis and grew to the left inguinal region. Histologically it was pure seminoma.     

右侧肝膈疝合并肺内异位肝一例并文献复习

目的探讨肝膈疝合并肺内异位肝的诊疗方案。 方法回顾性分析1例右侧肝膈疝合并肺内异位肝患者的临床表现、影像学特征、手术治疗方案及病理，对异位肝进行相关的探讨及文献复习。 结果患者接受胸腔镜肺楔形切除术＋膈疝修补术，术中发现右肺下叶肿物，与疝入胸腔组织不连续。病理结果提示为异位肝组织。患者术后一年复查胸部CT未见异常，随访无特殊不适。 结论异位肝在临床上极为少见，病例结合相关文献复习，以提高对该病的认识，且腔镜微创手术不仅直观观察，也可直接切除明确诊断且治愈该病。