阿托伐他汀对脑梗死患者血管内皮舒张功能的影响

目的评价阿托伐他汀对脑梗死患者血管内皮舒张功能的影响。方法将84例病程3个月以上的动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者随机分为阿托伐他汀治疗的研究组（44例）和对照组（40例）,观察治疗12周前后应用高频超声检测肱动脉血流介导的舒张功能及血中一氧化氮浓度变化。结果研究组治疗后血管内皮依赖性舒张功能明显改善（P〈0．01）,一氧化氮浓度显著增加（P〈0．01）,而对照组治疗前后比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论脑梗死患者应用阿托伐他汀降脂治疗同时可改善血管内皮舒张功能。     

高频超声评价阿托伐他汀对高胆固醇血症动脉内皮功能的影响

目的评价新型调脂药物阿托伐他汀对高胆固醇血症内皮功能的影响。方法高胆固醇血症组采用阿托伐他汀降脂治疗 ,于治疗前和治疗 8周后利用高分辨率超声仪评价肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能的变化 ,并与正常对照组进行比较。结果高胆固醇血症组患者内皮依赖舒张功能 (EDD)明显受损 (4 .8± 1.9) % ,与对照组 (12 .2± 3 .4) %比较 ,有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1)。阿托伐他汀治疗 8周后 ,内皮功能明显改善 [(10 .3± 2 .5 ) % ] ,与治疗前 [(4 .8± 1.9) % ]比较 ,有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1) ;与正常对照组 [(12 .2± 3 .4) % ]比较 ,无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论高胆固醇血症患者内皮依赖舒张功能明显减退 ,阿托伐他汀可有效降低血脂 ,恢复内皮功能。高频血管超声能准确、可靠地检测出血管内皮依赖舒张功能的损害 ,并可用于评价药物治疗对内皮功能的影响     

阿托伐他汀对混合型高脂血症患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的影响

目的　观察阿托伐他汀对混合型高脂血症患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的影响。方法　 60例混合型高脂血症患者进行 8周阿托伐他汀片 10mg/d ,口服治疗 ,60例健康人群为对照组 ,治疗前后测定血脂以及用超声多普勒测定肱动脉血管内径、血流量以及反应性充血和含服硝酸甘油片后肱动脉内径和血流量变化。 2 8例经阿托伐他汀治疗 8周后血脂正常的患者停药 4周、8周 ,再次测定血脂以及肱动脉血管内径和血流量。结果　混合型高脂血症患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能明显受损 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,而对硝酸甘油反应两组无差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,阿托伐他汀治疗 8周后血清TG、TC、LDL C、ApoB显著下降 ,对肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能较治疗前明显改善 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,停药后 4周、8周肱动脉血管内皮依赖性舒张功能明显下降 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,而治疗前后肱动脉内径以及对硝酸甘油的反应无变化。结论　阿托伐他汀治疗混合型高脂血症疗效明显 ,并显著改善肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能 ,这一作用源于其对内皮细胞的直接作用 ,可能独立于降脂作用之外     

阿托伐他汀对2型糖尿病血管内皮功能的影响

目的研究阿托伐他汀对2型糖尿病血管内皮功能及血脂的影响。方法分别检测180例2型糖尿病（rr2DM）患者的血糖、血压、血脂、一氧化氮（NO）、血管内皮素（ET）、6-酮-前列腺素（PGF1a）。同时采用高分辨超声检测内皮细胞依赖性舒张功能（FMD％）、内皮细胞非依赖性舒张功能（GTN％）。结果阿托伐他汀治疗后NO、PGF1a明显增加（P〈0．05）,ET明显降低（P〈0．05）;FMD％明显改善（P〈0．05）,GTN％无明显变化（P〉0．05）。结论阿托伐他汀通过降低低密度脂蛋白、提高高密度脂蛋白、升高NO、PGF1a,降低ET水平等途径实现对T2DM患者内皮功能保护作用,减少内皮功能紊乱（ECD）相关性疾病的发生发展。     

阿托伐他汀对扩张型心肌病患者血管内皮舒张功能及血清C反应蛋白和血脂的影响

目的观察扩张型心肌病患者应用阿托伐他汀治疗前、后血清C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、血脂及血管内皮舒张功能的变化。方法扩张型心肌病患者64例随机分为观察组与对照组各32例,对照组给予强心、利尿、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂等常规治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上给予阿托伐他汀10mg/次,1次/d,口服,2组疗程均为12个月。分别于治疗前,治疗后3,12个月检测2组CRP、低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein,LDL)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)水平,并比较2组血管内皮舒张功能(vascular endothelial dilatation function,VEDF)与左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)。结果观察组治疗后3,12个月CRP,LDL及TC水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),LVEF与VEDF较治疗前增高(P<0.05);对照组治疗后12个月CRP及LVEF与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组治疗后各指标水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组LVEF与血清CRP,TC及LDL呈负相关(P<0.05),与VEDF呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论阿托伐他汀可降低扩张型心肌病患者血清CRP及血脂,改善其左心室功能、内皮血管舒张功能。     

阿托伐他汀对血脂正常原发性高血压患者血管内皮功能及血管活性物质的影响

目的 探讨阿托伐他汀对血脂正常的原发性高血压(EH)患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能(FMD)及血管活性物质的影响.方法 血脂正常的EH患者65例随机分为阿托伐他汀组33例,常规治疗组32例,另选取25名门诊健康体检者作为健康对照组.阿托伐他汀组在常规降压治疗基础上加入阿托伐他汀20 mg,每晚1次口服.应用无创超声检查技术观察用药前后肱动脉血流介导的FMD的变化,同时检测一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET-1)及血管性假性血友病因子(vWF)的含量变化.结果 (1)治疗后阿托伐他汀组及常规治疗组FMD、NO水平均较治疗前明显上升,阿托伐他汀组与常规治疗组比较,FMD[(15.8±3.1)%与(8.7±2.5)%,t=4.048,P＜0.01]、NO[(49.9±5.6)μmol/L与(36.8±7.6)μmol/L,t=3.004,P＜0.01]显著高于常规治疗组.(2)治疗后阿托伐他汀组及常规治疗组ET-1及vWF均较治疗前明显降低,阿托伐他汀组与常规治疗组比较,ET-1[(43.5±13.7)ng/L与(52.5±14.7)ng/L,t=2.968,P＜0.01]、vWF[(124.7±28.5)%与(143.3±27.7)%,t=2.822,P＜0.01]显著低于常规治疗组.结论 在血脂正常的EH患者中,阿托伐他汀可通过提高血浆NO浓度和降低ET-1、vWF浓度等非调脂机制改善血管内皮功能.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on vascular endothelial cell function and vasoactive substances in essential hypertensive patients without hyperlipemia. Methods Sixty-five essential hypertensive(EH) patients without hyperlipemia were enrolled and randomly divided into atorvastatin group and conventional treatment group(oral taken atorvastatin or placebo once every night in addition of routine antihypertensive drugs).Twenty five healthy subjects were also recruited as control.All cases were followed up for eight weeks.Serum cholesterol,nitric oxide(NO),emdothelin-1(ET-1),vonWillebrand-factor(vWF) levels were determined in each case.Flow-medizted dilation(FMD) was determined by high-resolution ultrasonography before and after eight weeks atorvastatin medication.Results (1)Before treatment,the FMD and NO levels of EH group were significantly lower than those of control group(P＜0.01),while the ET-1 and vWF levels of EH group were significantly higher than those of control group(P＜0.01);(2)In EH patients,the FMD and NO levels significantly increased after treatment and increased even more dramatically in atorvastatin group,when compared to conventional treatment group(Ps＜0.01);(3)In EH patients,the ET-1 and vWF levels significantly decreased after treatment and decreased even more dramatically in atorvastatin group,when compared to conventional treatment group(Ps＜0.01).Conclusion In patients of EH without hyperlipemia,atorvastatin can decrease plasma levels of ET-1,vWF,while increase plasma NO concentration and improve vascular endothelial function.     

阿托伐他汀对老年高血压患者大动脉弹性的影响

目的观察阿托伐他汀对老年单纯收缩期高血压并高胆固醇血症患者脉压及大动脉弹性的影响。方法62例老年单纯收缩期高血压(Ⅰ级)并高胆固醇血症患者服用阿托伐他汀6个月,分别于服用前后检测血脂并行超声心动图检查,升主动脉弹性用β指数表示。结果服用阿托伐他汀6个月后,收缩压从(154±13)mmHg下降到(146±12)mmHg,舒张压从(85±9)mmHg下降到(81±8)mmHg,脉压从(69±10)mmHg下降到(65±7)mmHg(P<0.05),β指数从(27.4±9.7)下降到(14.3±5.9)(P<0.01)。结论阿托伐他汀可改善老年单纯收缩期高血压并高胆固醇血症患者的大动脉弹性并使血压及脉压下降。     

小剂量阿托伐他汀对老年高血压患者内皮功能及血管弹性的影响

目的:研究小剂量阿托伐他汀对老年高血压患者血管弹性及内皮功能的影响.方法:57例老年高血压患者随机分为他汀组(28例)和对照组(29例),分别给阿托伐他汀联合低脂饮食或单纯低脂饮食治疗1年,观察血压、臂踝脉搏渡传导速度(baPWV)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、血管病性假血病因子(vWF)、NO、血脂、肝肾功能等的变化.结果:他汀组低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)治疗后明显低于治疗前(P<0.05),对照组TG治疗后明显低于治疗前(P<0.05).他汀组ET-1、vWF治疗后均明显低于治疗前(P<0.05),NO治疗后明显高于治疗前(P<0.05);对照组ET-1、vWF、NO治疗前后均无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、脉压(PP)治疗前后差异均无显著性(P>0.05);对照组baPWV治疗后明显高于治疗前(P<0.05),而他汀组治疗前后无明显变化.结论:小剂量阿托伐他汀与单纯低脂饮食治疗比较,对老年高血压患者有效调脂、改善内皮功能,延缓动脉弹性下降.     

阿托伐他汀对冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后血管内皮功能及血脂的影响

目的探讨阿托伐他汀对冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后血管内皮功能及血脂指标的影响。方法将90例冠心病行PCI患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组45例。对照组患者接受常规抗冠心病的药物治疗,治疗组在此基础上口服阿托伐他汀。比较2组治疗前后血脂指标(包括高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯)、血管内皮功能指标(血管内皮生长因子、一氧化氮)以及不良心血管事件发生率。结果治疗组的总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白水平显著低于对照组(P 0.05),高密度脂蛋白水平显著高于对照组(P 0.05)。治疗后,治疗组的血管内皮生长因子、一氧化氮水平显著高于对照组(P 0.05)。治疗后,治疗组的心血管不良事件发生率为6.67%,显著低于对照组的26.67%(P 0.05)。结论冠心病患者PCI术后接受阿托伐他汀治疗安全、有效,能够调节血脂水平,降低不良心血管事件的发生率。     

阿托伐他汀调脂治疗对急性冠脉综合征患者血管内皮功能及纤溶活性的影响

目的 :探讨急性冠脉综合征患者应用阿托伐他汀调脂治疗后对血管内皮舒张功能、血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1及血管内皮素 1的影响。方法 :12 0例急性冠脉综合征患者随机分成阿托伐他汀治疗组 60例及常规治疗组 60例 ,比较治疗 8周前后应用超声检测肱动脉流量介导性扩张的血管内皮舒张功能及血浆内皮素 1及PAI 1水平的变化。结果 :( 1)治疗前两组比较 ,内皮依赖性血管舒张功能差异无显著性 ( 4 94%± 0 86%与 4 96%± 0 87%,P >0 0 5 ) ,治疗 8周后 ,常规组内皮依赖性血管舒张功能较治疗前差异无显著性 ( 4 94%± 0 86%与 5 17%± 0 79%)而阿托伐他汀组治疗后差异有十分显著性 ( 4 94%± 0 81%与 7 96%± 0 95 %,P <0 0 1)。 ( 2 )阿托伐他汀组治疗 8周后血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物 1、血管内皮素 1较治疗前 ( 5 82± 2 62ng/L、12 2 8± 3 16Au/ml)均有显著降低 ( 3 42± 1 95ng/L ,8 2 2± 2 5 6Au/ml,P <0 0 1)。结论 :急性冠脉综合征患者应用阿托伐他汀降脂治疗 8周后可改善内皮依赖性血管舒张功能 ,同时改善纤溶活性     

通心络和阿伐他汀对冠心病患者内皮功能的对比研究

目的探讨盅药通心络对冠心病患者血管内皮功能不全的改善作用.方法将60例经冠脉造影证实为冠心病的患者随机分为通心络及阿托伐他汀(商品名:立普妥)治疗组各30例,治疗3个月前后,分别利用高分辨率超声测定肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性舒张功能及血脂的变化.结果治疗前两组患者血脂水平、内皮依赖性舒张功能差异均无统计学意义.治疗3个月后,两组患者血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能均明显改善,通心络组由治疗前的(8.93±5.02)%升至(12.04±4.98)%(P<0.001),阿托伐他汀治疗组由治疗前的(8.65±8.63)%升至(11.75±8.87)%(P<0.001).血胆固醇(TC)通心络组由(4.68±1.03) mmol/L下降到(4.18±0.88) mmol/L,阿托伐他汀组由(5.01±0.84) mmol/L下降至(3.84±0.43) mmol/L、甘油三酯(TG)通心络组由(1.74±0.86) mmol/L下降至(1.37±0.49) mmol/L(P<0.05);阿托伐他汀组由(1.63±0.37) mmol/L下降至(1.07±0.37) mmol/L(P<0.01)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平通心络组由(2.88±0.86) mmol/L下降至(2.85±0.45) mmol/L(P<0.05),阿托伐他汀组由(3.03±0.65) mmol/L下降至(2.45±0.25) mmol/L(P<0.01),但阿托伐他汀治疗组,TG较通心络下降明显(P<0.01).结论通心络、阿托伐他汀均可改善肱动脉血流介导的内皮舒张功能,两组之间疗效无统计学意义;通心络及阿托伐他汀均可降低血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平.     

Effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in the cutaneous microvasculature

Aims: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves hemodynamic parameters, exercise capacity, symptoms, functional status, and prognosis among patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). The role of the vascular endothelium in these improvements is largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the endothelium‐dependent reactivity of the peripheral microcirculation improves in CHF patients during the first 2 months of CRT. Methods: We used local heating and iontophoresis of acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) to measure endothelial function and smooth muscle function in the cutaneous microvasculature of 11 CHF patients before and 2 months after CRT. Results: We found that the perfusion response in the skin to local heating was increased 2 months post‐CRT compared with baseline, both in terms of maximum perfusion (baseline: 113 [90–137] vs 2‐months post‐CRT: 137 [98–175], P = 0.037) and area under curve (baseline: 1,601 [935–2,268] vs 2‐months CRT: 2,205 [1,654–2,757], P = 0.047). Also, the perfusion response to iontophoresis of ACh was improved (E_max: 23.9 [20.6–26.2]vs at 2‐months CRT: 31.2 [29.3–33.4], P = 0.005). No difference was found between the responses to SNP before and after CRT. Conclusion: These results show that CRT improves endothelium‐dependent vasodilatory capacity in the peripheral microcirculation within 2 months of therapy. The improvement in functional capacity that is seen in patients treated with CRT may, therefore, be in part mediated by an improvement of endothelium‐dependent vasodilatory capacity. PACE 2012; 35:377–384)     

The effect of glibenclamide on acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside induced vasodilatation in human cutaneous microcirculation

Objective: K_ATP channels have an important regulatory role in resting vascular tone and during hypoxia. Their role in endothelium dependent and independent vasodilatation in human skin microcirculation is less known. Methods: We monitored the laser‐Doppler (LD) response in 14 healthy male volunteers on the skin of the forearm. In the case of endothelium dependent vasodilatation [acetylcholine (ACh) induced], a saline solution (used as control) or a solution of glibenclamide (K_ATP channel blocker) were randomly injected each into a distinct measurement site on different forearms followed by the iontophoresis of ACh. In the case of endothelium dependent vasodilatation with the inhibition of prostaglandin production, diclofenac (cyclooxygenase inhibitor) or the combination of diclofenac and glibenclamide were randomly injected each into a distinct measurement site on different forearms followed by the iontophoresis of ACh. In the case of endothelium independent vasodilatation [sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced], a saline solution or glibenclamide were randomly injected each into a distinct measurement site on different forearms, iontophoresis of SNP followed. Results: Glibenclamide alone, diclofenac alone or the combination of glibenclamide and diclofenac reduced the LD flux values during rest and after ACh application (P<0·05). The reduction of LD flux in ACh mediated vasodilatation was greatest when using the combination of glibenclamide and diclofenac. In the case of SNP application, there was also a significantly lower LD flux rise for glibenclamide in comparison with the saline solution (P<0·05). Conclusions: K_ATP channels play an important role in human cutaneous vasodilatation induced by ACh and SNP.     

阿托伐他汀对长期吸烟者内皮功能的改善作用

目的 探讨阿托伐他汀对长期吸烟者血管内皮功能改善及炎症因子的影响.方法 长期吸烟者264例,随机分为两组;治疗组接受12周阿托伐他汀(20mg/d),对照组服用安慰剂,应用高分辨超声测定肱动脉血管内皮依赖性舒张功能及非内皮依赖性血管舒张功能,以及检测受试者外周血清中一氧化氮( nitric oxide,NO)、内皮素1(endothelin,ET)、C反应蛋白(C reactive protein,CRP)水平,观察受试者内皮功能改善情况.结果 治疗组服用12周阿托伐他汀治疗后血管内皮依赖性舒张功能及非内皮依赖性血管舒张功能均有明显改善,与治疗前比较,NO水平明显升高,(78.7±14.32)μmol/L vs (67.2±13.02) μmol/L; ET、CRP水平明显下降,ET (44.6±8.54) ng/L vs(86.1±6.81) ng/L、CRP(2.84±3.12)mg/L vs (5.80±5.29) mg/L,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗组血流介导的血管舒张反应(FMD) (11.48±5.35)％ vs (7.76±3.87)％及硝酸甘油介导的血管舒张反应(NMD) (10.80±3.12)％ vs (7.80±2.29)％较治疗前有明显改善.结论 阿托伐他汀通过抗氧化应激对长期吸烟者血管内皮功能有明显的改善作用,从而保护其血管内皮功能.     

Improvement of endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilation after a single LDL apheresis in patients with hypercholesterolemia

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a single LDL apheresis would improve impaired endothelium-dependent dilation of the coronary artery in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Hypercholesterolemia is associated with impaired endothelial function, and human studies using cholesterol-lowering drugs indicate that endothelial function in the coronary arteries improves with reduction of serum LDL cholesterol over 6 to 12 months. The internal diameter of the left coronary artery and the coronary blood flow were measured by intracoronary Doppler-wire measurement and quantitative angiography before and immediately after a single LDL apheresis in a population of 15 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was assessed by intracoronary infusion of acetylcholine (1, 10, and 50 microg/min), and endothelium-independent vasodilation was assessed by intracoronary bolus infusion of isosorbide dinitrate (2.5 mg) or papaverine (10 mg). A single 3-hour LDL apheresis reduced serum LDL cholesterol by an average of 86.6 +/- 1.7%. After the LDL apheresis, the changes in the coronary artery diameter and coronary blood flow in response to an infusion of 50 microg/min of acetylcholine increased significantly compared to the pre-apheresis values (from -19.7 +/- 4.8 to -2.9 +/- 3.0% [P < 0.01] and from 80.7 +/- 27.6 to 155.3 +/- 23.5% [P < 0.01], respectively). The LDL apheresis did not significantly change the response of either parameter to infusion with isosorbide dinitrate or papaverine. The endothelial function of the epicardial coronary artery and the coronary microvasculature improved in hypercholesterolemic patients after only a single LDL apheresis, a procedure that markedly reduces the serum level of LDL cholesterol.     

An open-label, uncontrolled, prospective study of the effects of atorvastatin 10 mg on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in chinese adults with coronary artery disease and hypercholesterolemia

Background: A high level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Evidence shows that lowering LDL-C improves the outcomes of patients with CAD. Atorvastatin is an established drug for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.Objective: The purpose of this open-label, uncontrolled, prospective study was to assess the effectiveness of treatment with atorvastatin 10 mg/d for 18 weeks in achieving the target level of LDL-C (<2.6 mmol/L [<100 mg/dL]) established by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) (United States) for patients with established CAD and hypercholesterolemia.Methods: Chinese patients with CAD, hypercholesterolemia (defined as a baseline LDL-C level between 3.4 and 5.2 mmol/L [131-201 mg/dL]), and body mass index <30 kg/m² were eligible. Atorvastatin 10 mg/d was given to each patient for 18 weeks. Lipid profiles were checked at 6, 12, and 18 weeks. To assess the extent of the achievement of NCEP LDL-C target levels, patients were categorized into 3 groups retrospectively according to baseline LDL-C level: group 1, 3.4 to 4.0 mmol/L (131-154 mg/dL); group 2, 4.01 to 4.6 mmol/L (155-178 mg/dL); and group 3, 4.61 to 5.2 mmol/L (179-201 mg/dL).Results: A total of 63 patients (50 men, 13 women; mean age, 64.3 years) were enrolled. Significant decreases in total cholesterol (31.3% at week 18), LDL-C (42.9% at week 18), and triglycerides (21.8% at week 18) from baseline levels were found at 6, 12, and 18 weeks of treatment (P < 0.001 for all). The changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were nonsignificant. In group 1, 83.3% of patients met the target level of LDL-C; group 2, 87.5%; group 3, 37.5%; groups 1 and 2 combined, 85.2%. Atorvastatin 10 mg/d was well tolerated. Clinical adverse events were mild and transient; no severe adverse events were reported. One patient (1.6%) developed an elevated alanine aminotransferase level and withdrew. Sixty-two of 63 patients (98.4%) completed the study.Conclusions: In this group of Chinese patients with CAD and hypercholesterolemia treated with atorvastatin 10 mg/d for 18 weeks, 85.2% of patients with a baseline LDL-C level of 3.4 to 4.6 mmol/L achieved the NCEP target LDL-C level of <2.6 mmol/L, suggesting that atorvastatin 10 mg/d is efficacious in preventing secondary CAD.     

体外反搏对高胆固醇血症猪颈动脉内膜形态和功能的影响

目的 探讨长期体外反搏对高胆固醇血症猪颈动脉内膜形态和内皮依赖血管舒张功能的影响.方法 18头雄性乳猪被随机分为3组,每组6只.用喂养高脂饲料乳猪复制高胆固醇血症模型(高脂饲养组);采用增强型体外反搏(EECP)治疗模型动物36 h(EECP组);以正常饲养组作为对照.取各组动物颈总动脉血管.用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察颈动脉内膜的形态,并测定离体颈动脉血管环对不同浓度梯度乙酰胆碱(Ach)的舒张反应.结果 扫描电镜下观察高脂饲养组血管内皮细胞排列紊乱,内皮细胞有明显脱落,部分细胞胞膜皱缩.体积明显减小,符合凋亡细胞的外形特征;EECP组血管内皮细胞排列紊乱的情形明显减轻,内皮细胞大小不一的程度减轻,皱缩脱落细胞较高脂饲养组明显减少.透射电镜下观察高脂饲养组血管内皮细胞凋亡、脱落,内膜破损明显,平滑肌细胞侵入和增生,泡沫细胞形成;EECP组内皮细胞呈梭形,内皮完整,内皮与内皮下结构连接紧密,平滑肌细胞轻度增生,少见泡沫细胞.在10-8～10-5mol/L Ach时,高脂饲养组和EECP组的血管舒张率较正常饲养组显著降低(P均＜0.05);在10-7～10-5mol/L Ach时,EECP组的血管舒张率较高脂饲养组明显提高(P均＜0.05).结论 高胆固醇血症动物颈动脉内皮超微结构改变提示有动脉粥样硬化形成,内皮依赖血管舒张功能明显受损;长期EECP干预可以显著改善内皮结构损伤和内皮依赖血管舒张功能,这可能是其发挥抗动脉粥样硬化作用的机制之一.     

Effects of amlodipine plus atorvastatin association in hypertensive hypercholesterolemic patients

Therapies that lower blood pressure or lipid levels slow the progression of atherosclerosis, and reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with hypertension or atherosclerotic disease. A combination tablet containing both amlodipine besylate and atorvastatin calcium has recently been approved for the treatment of hypertension and dyslipidemia in a growing number of countries. We decided to undertake a thorough literature search to evaluate the effects of amlodipine and atorvastatin in hypertensive hypercholesterolemic patients on blood pressure values, lipid profile values and, when available, data on small- and large-artery compliance, left ventricular mass index, and inflammatory parameters. From the data collected, it emerged that in hypertensive and hypercholesterolemic patients, the combination of amlodipine plus atorvastatin is more effective than the single drugs alone in reducing blood pressure and in improving lipid profile. Furthermore the combination of amlodipine plus atorvastatin also improved small-artery compliance, inflammatory markers, left ventricular hypertrophy and reduced uric acid faster and more effectively than the single drugs taken alone. For these reasons, the combination of amlodipine plus atorvastatin could be the treatment of choice in hypertensive and hypercholesterolemic patients.     

Methodological aspects of the evaluation of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in the human forearm

The present study, involving 56 healthy subjects from a health screening, was undertaken to address some methodological questions regarding the measurement of endothelial function using local intra-arterial infusions of metacholine (2 and 5 μg min^?1) to evaluate endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 5 and 10 μg min^?1) to evaluate endothelium-independent vasodilatation. Forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. The ratio of FBF during the highest dose of metacholine to FBF during the highest dose of SNP was used as an index of endothelial function. In 10 young volunteers the procedure was repeated after 2 h and again after 3 weeks in order to study short-term and long-term reproducibility of the method. Neither the vasodilatatory response to metacholine (r = 0·006) nor that to SNP (r = 0·08) was related to resting FBF. Neither the circumference nor the length of the arm was related to endothelial function (r = 0·01?0·11), as evaluated by the FBF on metacholine to nitroprusside ratio (mean 1·3 ± 0·3 SD). The use of a wrist cuff to exclude hand circulation, or not, did not influence the evaluation of endothelial function significantly. Maximal FBF after 3 min of arterial occlusion of the forearm was significantly related to blood flow during both metacholine (r = 0·53, P < 0·01) and nitroprusside infusion (r = 0·36, P < 0·05), but not to the FBF on metacholine to nitroprusside ratio (r = 0·01). The short-term and long-term reproducibility of FBF during vasodilatation with metacholine and SNP was good (r = 0·89?0·97, P < 0·001), while the individual measurements for resting FBF were less reproducible when repeated after 3 weeks (r = 0·34). In conclusion, endothelial function was not related to resting FBF, nor to the arm circumference or length. No major difference was seen whether endothelial function was evaluated with or without exclusion of the hand circulation. Maximal FBF during reactive hyperaemia was not related to endothelial function.