下腔静脉滤器置入术预防肺栓塞46例分析

目的:探讨下腔静脉滤器(IVCF)置入术在治疗下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)中的预防肺栓塞疗效,并发症以及相关处理。方法:在DSA下经皮股静脉途径置入下腔静脉滤器46例,术中观察和术后随访了解预防致死性肺栓塞(PE)的发生情况。结果:46例患者下腔静脉滤器均置入成功,术后随访6～24个月,其中1例于术中发生肺栓塞,经抢救后患者恢复正常;1例患者术中发现下腔静脉内有血栓形成;1例患者出现11个月后健侧静脉血栓形成;1例患者出现下腔静脉穿孔。余无相关并发症。结论:下腔静脉滤器可以有效预防肺动脉栓塞,术前彩色超声及术中下腔静脉造影是确保下腔静脉滤器(VCF)放置成功的关键。     

永久性腔静脉滤器的临床应用

目的探讨永久性下腔静脉滤器预防肺动脉栓塞的临床应用及指征。方法经颈内静脉和股总静脉为52例下肢深静脉血栓患者置入永久性腔静脉滤器;术中行髂静脉、下腔静脉造影,51例患者滤器放置于肾静脉开口之下的下腔静脉,1例于肾静脉开口以上;应用滤器包括Tita-nium-greenfield滤器,TrapEase滤器,LGM滤器。术后常规抗凝治疗。结果本组病例均释放成功,术后3~60个月随访,无肺栓塞发生,下腔静脉血栓1例,无其他相关并发症。结论永久性下腔静脉滤器置入可以有效预防肺栓塞,但应严格掌握适应证。     

下腔静脉滤器置入预防肺动脉栓塞11例临床体会

目的：寻求经皮穿刺下腔静脉滤器置入在治疗下肢静脉血栓中预防肺动脉栓塞的有效方法。方法：经股静脉或颈静脉穿刺放置下腔静脉滤器11例。术前均经彩超确诊深静脉血栓形成,术中常规下腔静脉造影,了解并确定下腔静脉和释放途径无血栓形成,将滤器放置在肾静脉开口之下的下腔静脉。结果：11例均成功释放,其中1例双下肢静脉血栓患者经颈静脉释放,其余经股静脉释放。有2例在彩超定位下放置滤器,其余在静脉造影下完成。术后随访1～30月,所有随访患者均未发生肺栓塞。结论：经皮穿刺下腔静脉滤器置入术操作简单,疗效确切,并发症少,创伤小,可以有效预防下肢深静脉血栓形成病人发生致命肺动脉栓塞（PE）。     

下腔静脉滤器置入预防肺栓塞的临床观察

目的探讨下腔静脉滤器置入术对下肢深静脉血栓形成后引起肺栓塞的预防效果。方法7例下肢静脉血栓形成患者采用Seldinger技术施行下腔静脉滤器置入术。结果滤器全部安全置入肾静脉下方的下腔静脉内。随访3个月～22个月,6例无肺栓塞的患者,无肺栓塞发生,滤器无移位,1例已有肺栓塞者症状明显减轻。结论下腔静脉滤器用于预防肺动脉栓塞是一种安全有效的方法。     

下腔静脉滤器置入预防肺栓塞的临床观察

目的 探讨下腔静脉滤器置入木对下肢深静脉血栓形成后引起肺栓塞的预防效果。方法 7例下肢静脉血栓形成患者采用Seldinger技术施行下腔静脉滤器置入术。结果滤器全部安全置入肾静脉下方的下腔静脉内。随访3个月～22个月，6例无肺栓塞的患者，无肺栓塞发生，滤器无移位，1例已有肺栓塞者症状明显减轻。结论 下腔静脉滤器用于预防肺动脉栓塞是一种安全有效的方法。     

下肢深静脉血栓形成后下腔静脉滤器对预防肺栓塞的意义

目的:探讨下腔静脉滤器(VCF)置入术对预防肺栓塞(PE)的意义及并发症的预防与控制。方法:术前经彩色超声确诊下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)患者32例,经股静脉放置永久性下腔静脉滤器。术中常规行下腔静脉造影,确定下腔静脉和释放途径静脉无血栓形成,将滤器放置于平肾静脉开口之下的下腔静脉。结果:本组32例VCF均成功释放,无滤器放置术相关死亡发生。术后无动静脉瘘形成,无穿孔、脱落、移位。滤器释放不全1例,经3个月后复查完全打开;穿刺局部假性动脉瘤1例,加压包扎后血肿消失;下腔静脉血栓形成者1例,为滤器放置术后2个月,停用华法林,给予尿激酶溶栓、肝素钠抗凝治疗,继续口服华法林后血栓消失。随访时间为术后1~36个月。随访期间无PE发生,无严重出血性疾病发生,无滤器相关死亡。结论:永久性下腔静脉滤器置入术可以有效地预防PE。严格掌握VCF的指征,术前行彩超和术中下腔静脉造影,了解下腔静脉和滤器放置通路的情况;术中操作要点的实施,以及术后严格的抗凝治疗,是确保放置成功、有效预防PE、避免或降低并发症的关键。     

下腔静脉滤器植入术预防肺动脉栓塞临床分析

目的 探讨下腔静脉滤器植入术在治疗下肢深静脉血栓中预防肺动脉栓塞的作用。方法 2001年3月-2005年1月,经股静脉穿刺放置永久性下腔静脉滤器12例,其中男性8例,女性4例。年龄44-81岁,平均54．2岁。深静脉血栓位于右下肢4例,左下肢8例。常规行下腔静脉造影,了解并确定下腔静脉和释放途径无血栓形成,将滤器放置到肾静脉开口下的腔静脉。结果 本组病例均释放成功,12例均经股静脉释放．术后随访1-24个月,无肺栓塞发生。结论 经皮穿刺下腔静脉滤器植入术操作简便,可以有效地预防下肢深静脉血栓患者中导致致命的肺动脉栓塞的发生。     

下腔静脉滤器置入术预防DVT继发肺栓塞的临床观察

目的 探讨下腔静脉滤器置入术在治疗下肢深静脉血栓中预防肺栓塞的作用.方法 2003年1月至2006年12月,我院行下腔静脉滤器置入共36例,其中男性24例;女性12例.年龄35-78岁,平均年龄58.3岁.深静脉血栓位于右下肢8例,左下肢22例,双下肢6例.常规行下腔静脉造影,确定下腔静脉以及释放路径有无血栓形成,将滤器放置在肾静脉开口下的下腔静脉.结果 本组病例均释放成功,经股静脉途径15例,经右侧颈内静脉途径21例,术后随访1-24月,全部病例均未出现肺栓塞.结论 下腔静脉滤器置入可以预防下肢深静脉继发肺动脉栓塞的发生.     

Trap Ease腔静脉滤器预防肺栓塞的应用研究

目的评价TrapEase腔静脉滤器对肺动脉栓塞的预防效果及使用中的并发症。方法对48例有发生肺栓塞倾向的病人行TrapEase腔静脉滤器置入术。经股静脉或锁骨下静脉或颈静脉途径穿刺插管，具体情况根据血栓位置而定。术后随访3～38个月，平均17个月。检查方法包括腹部X线平片、CT、超声，了解有无发生滤器移位及肺栓塞等并发症。结果48例滤器均置入到预定位置，技术成功率为100％。其中33例放置在肾静脉以下腔静脉段，13例放置在肾静脉以上腔静脉段，2例放置在上腔静脉。术后影像学观察未见滤器移位、断裂及腔静脉损伤。结论对有肺栓塞倾向的上下肢深静脉血栓病人，TrapEase腔静脉滤器是预防肺栓塞发生的有效工具，而且安全可靠。     

非永久型下腔静脉滤器在预防肺栓塞中的应用

目的探讨非永久性下腔静脉滤器在下肢深静脉血栓患者预防肺栓塞中的应用。方法对86例下肢深静脉血栓患者行非永久型下腔静脉滤器置入术,其中48例采用国产Aegisy可回收滤器,38例采用TempoFilterⅡ临时滤器,滤器均置于双肾静脉水平以下的下腔静脉中。结果48例国产Aegisy可回收滤器均经股静脉穿刺置入,3～4周43例取出,5例作为永久滤器使用,38例TempoFilterⅡ临时滤器均经右颈内静脉穿刺置入,4周后经右颈内静脉取出。手术成功率100%。随访62例,2例采用国产Aegisy可回收滤器释放后4周滤器倾斜,调整后顺利取出,1例TempoFilterⅡ临时滤器术后2周连接杆盘曲,调整后顺利取出,术中术后未穿破管壁和肺栓塞。结论非永久型下腔静脉滤器是一种预防肺栓塞行之有效的方法,对于生存期较长的患者为预防肺栓塞置入非永久型下腔静脉滤器是有必要的。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.