重组BMP-4对兔骨髓基质干细胞生物学行为的影响

目的应用原核细胞基因工程方法生产出有活性的骨形态发生蛋白-4(bonemorphoge-neticprotein-4,BMP-4),观察其对骨髓基质干细胞生物学行为的影响。方法利用RT-PCR技术,从成熟的人胎盘组织中扩增出长0.34kb编码人BMP-4成熟肽的基因序列,装入表达载体pET-22b( ),转化大肠杆菌BL-21菌株,并诱导目的蛋白表达,SDS-PAGE检测表达蛋白。获得的蛋白制品经小鼠异位成骨测活证实后,诱导培养的兔骨髓基质干细胞,观测细胞形态变化、碱性磷酸酶和骨钙素的含量。结果大肠杆菌中目的蛋白表达量达菌体蛋白的15%,该蛋白可诱导骨髓基质干细胞向成骨细胞分化,形成钙结节,碱性磷酸酶和骨钙素的含量也明显增加。结论大肠杆菌可表达出有活性的BMP-4,该蛋白可诱导骨髓基质干细胞向成骨细胞分化。     

重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2质粒转染诱导人脐血间充质干细胞软骨分化研究

目的探究从人脐血中提取间充质干细胞,重组质粒pIRES2-EGFP-hBMP-2转染干细胞并诱导其成软骨化的可能性。 方法采用密度梯度离心方法获取脐带血中细胞,依据贴壁时间不同获得间充质干细胞,流式细胞仪检测表面抗原表达鉴定细胞;然后把重组有pIRES2-EGFP-hBMP-2的质粒导入间充质干细胞,观察EGFP的表达;ELISA方法检测在不同时间收集的培养基上清中hBMP-2蛋白含量,采用免疫荧光和RT-PCR方法检测目的蛋白和基因表达。转染成功后继续培养细胞2 w,免疫组化检测细胞Ⅱ型胶原的表达和RT-PCR检测软骨特异性标志物软骨连接蛋白（CRLT1）的表达。 结果两种方法可以获取人脐血间充质干细胞,流式细胞术鉴定发现CD90、CD105、CD146高表达,CD34、CD45、Anti-HLA-DR不表达。非脂质载体包裹重组质粒pIRES2-EGFP-hBMP-2可成功导入脐血间充质干细胞,转染率为（27.7±7.6）%。ELISA检测实验组和对照组hBMP-2的表达结果有统计学差异（t=3.355,P<0.01）。RT-PCR结果表明hBMP-2基因稳定转录,免疫荧光标记hBMP-2蛋白呈红色荧光。Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色示部分细胞被染成棕黄色,RT-PCR结果表明加入转染后的干细胞组CRLT1的表达量比未转染的干细胞组高（t=59.700,P<0.05）。 结论重组hBMP-2基因可以成功转染人脐血间充质干细胞并在胞内稳定表达,且有hBMP-2分泌,并可促进其表达Ⅱ型胶原蛋白及软骨连接蛋白,可向软骨细胞化诱导。     

骨形态发生蛋白-2对原代鼠胚成骨细胞血管内皮生长因子表达的影响

目的通过不同剂量重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2(rhBMP-2)刺激原代培养的小鼠胚胎成骨细胞,探讨BMP-2对成骨细胞血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响及规律。方法取19 d胎龄的小鼠胚胎颅骨成骨细胞进行体外培养,采用RT-PCR法或Western blot法染色法检测不同浓度rhBMP-2、不同作用时间下对成骨细胞VEGF mRNA表达的影响及规律。结果RT-PCR法检测到VEGF mRNA在原代成骨细胞内稳定表达；半定量分析表明,随着rhBMP-2浓度的升高,VEGF mRNA的表达量逐渐增加,当rhBMP-2浓度为300 ng/mL左右时,VEGF mRNA的表达量最高,超过此浓度,VEGF的表达则有下降趋势；应用终浓度rhBMP-2(300 ng/mL)刺激成骨细胞时,不同作用时间下VEGF mRNA的表达量呈双时相,分别在3 h和24 h时出现高峰,48 h时VEGF mRNA的表达仍保持较高水平。除去各自对照组的影响,各时间点VEGF表达的相对值[(rhBMP-2组/对照组)比值]亦呈时间依赖性关系,6 h时明显升高为对照组的2．5倍(P＜0．05),36 h时约升高为对照组的2倍。结论VEGF可在原代鼠胚成骨细胞内稳定表达；rhBMP-2在体外可刺激原代骨细胞VEGF的表达,并呈一定的浓度和时间依赖性关系。     

Gene-mediated osteogenic differentiation of stem cells by bone morphogenetic proteins-2 or -6.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMDMSC) hold promise for targeted osteogenic differentiation and can be augmented by delivery of genes encoding bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP). The feasibility of promoting osteogenic differentiation of BMDMSC was investigated using two BMP genes in monolayer and three-dimensional alginate culture systems. Cultured BMDMSC were transduced with E1-deleted adenoviral vectors containing either human BMP2 or BMP6 coding sequence under cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter control [17:1 multiplicities of infection (moi)] and either sustained in monolayer or suspended in 1 mL 1.2% alginate beads for 22 days. Adenovirus (Ad)-BMP-2 and Ad-BMP-6 transduction resulted in abundant BMP-2 and BMP-6 mRNA and protein expression in monolayer culture and BMP-2 protein expression in alginate cultures. Ad-BMP-2 and Ad-BMP-6 transduced BMDMSC in monolayer had earlier and robust alkaline phosphatase-positive staining and mineralization and were sustained for a longer duration with better morphology scores than untransduced or Ad-beta-galactosidase-transduced cells. Ad-BMP-2- and, to a lesser degree, Ad-BMP-6-transduced BMDMSC suspended in alginate demonstrated greater mineralization than untransduced cells. Gene expression studies at day 2 confirmed an inflammatory response to the gene delivery process with upregulation of interleukin 8 and CXCL2. Upregulation of genes consistent with response to BMP exposure and osteogenic differentiation, specifically endochondral ossification and extracellular matrix proteins, occurred in BMP-transduced cells. These data support that transduction of BMDMSC with Ad-BMP-2 or Ad-BMP-6 can accelerate osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of stem cells in culture, including in three-dimensional culture. BMP-2-transduced stem cells suspended in alginate culture may be a practical carrier system to support bone formation in vivo. BMP-6 induced a less robust cellular response than BMP-2, particularly in alginate culture.     

转染BMP-2基因的兔BMSCs种植PLA/PCL支架体外构建组织工程骨

目的:用腺病毒载体将人骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)基因导入兔骨髓基质干细胞(BMSCs),种植PLA/PCL(聚乳酸/聚己内酯)支架体外构建组织工程骨.方法:蛋白印迹法检测转染后细胞BMP-2的表达,流式细胞仪和ALP活性检测分析基因转染对细胞增殖分化的影响.然后将转染后细胞接种到PLA/PCL支架上,扫描电镜观察细胞贴附、生长状况.结果:转染后,BMSCs表达BMP-2,S期细胞比例和ALP活性明显增高.扫描电镜见转染细胞分布均匀,伸展良好.结论:BMP-2基因转染BMSCs,可促进细胞增殖分化.转染后细胞在PLA/PCL支架上生长良好,BMP-2基因治疗的组织工程骨构建成功.     

血管内皮生长因子和骨形态发生蛋白7在细胞分化中的协同作用

目的：研究rhVEGF和rhBMP-7对成骨细胞分化能力的影响.方法：取大鼠颅盖骨组织块,采用改良组织块混合酶消化法培养成骨细胞,将不同浓度的rhVEGF和rhBMP-7加入第四代成骨细胞的培养基继续进行细胞培养,用碱性磷酸酶试剂盒检测定细胞在第1、3、5天的磷酸酶的活性,分析不同浓度的rhVEGF和rhBMP-7对成骨细胞分化的影响.结果：rhVEGF和rhBMP-7能促进成骨细胞的分化,其中,3.125ng/mlrhVEGF和50.000ng/ml rhBMP-7单独或者两者联合作用并于第3天时,对成骨细胞碱性磷酸酶活性的影响最明显.结论：一定剂量的rhVEGF和rhBMP-7可明显促进成骨细胞的分化.     

Ectopic bone formation of human bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene transfected goat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in nude mice

onemorphogenetic proteins (BMPs)haveapowerfulcapacitytoelicitnewboneformation .ThereareseveraldeliverymethodsofBMPsintreatingbonedefects ,oneofwhichisgenetherapy .Retrovirus,adenovirusandadeno associatedvirushavebeenutilizedtodeliverBMPgene .1,2 Sincethedirectuseofthesevectorshasseveraldisadvantages ,wehavedevelopedexvivo genetherapytechniquewhichinvolvestheisolationandcultivationofautologousbonemarrow derivedmesenchymalstemcells (MSCs) ,transfectionofthecellsinvitroandimplantationofthesec…     

Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 expressed from CHO cells possessing the activity of bone-induced in vitro

Bone morphogenetic protein-7(BMP-7),amember of transforming growth factor-βgene super-family,is originally isolated from bone and involved inthe growth,differentiation and repair of a wide varietyof tissues[1].For the reason that there is few BMP-7in nat…     

Selective synthesis of bone morphogenetic proteins-1, -3, -4 and bone sialoprotein may be important for osteoinduction by Saos-2 cells

An ability to induce new bone formation at a required site would represent a considerable advance in bone repair and tissue engineering. It has been shown that the healing of critical-size bone defects in rats can be augmented by extracts of Saos-2 cells. These human osteosarcoma cells uniquely contain a bone-inducing activity, whereas other human osteosarcoma cells, e.g., U-2 OS cells, cannot replicate the osteoinductive capacity. To understand the necessary components of the Saos-2 bone-inducing activity, this study compared osteoinductive Saos-2 cells with non-osteoinductive U-2 OS cells with respect to the synthesis of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, and -7 and the non-collagenous matrix proteins bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteonectin (ON), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OC). The main differences were abundant synthesis of BMP-1/tolloid, BMP-3, -4, and BSP by Saos-2 cells, but absence or reduced synthesis in U-2 OS cells. BMP-2 and -7 were present in low amounts in both cell types, while BMP-5 and -6 were more abundant in U-2 OS cells, suggesting that these BMPs were of lesser importance for the osteoinductivity of Saos-2 cells. However, a relatively high expression of BMP-3 and -4, together with BMP-1/tolloid, may be important for the osteoinductive capacity of Saos-2 cells. The inability of U2-OS cells to induce bone, despite expressing most of the BMPs, may be due to an insufficiency of tolloid, BMP-3 or -4, BSP, and/or other unknown factors. A better understanding of the necessary components of the Saos-2 cell bone-inducing agent may, in future, lead to clinically useful Saos-2 cell products for bone repair and tissue engineering. Received: May 17, 2001 / Accepted: September 28, 2001     

胶原蛋白膜包裹藻酸钙凝胶/骨髓基质细胞/BMP-2复合体修复兔桡骨缺损

[目的]探讨在外源性生长因子(BMP -2)作用下,使用胶原蛋白膜包裹经体外培养扩增的骨髓基质干细胞(BMSCs)与藻酸钙凝胶形成的复合物修复骨缺损的可行性.[方法]选用成年新西兰白兔36只.手术造成两侧桡骨标准缺损后,左侧植入复合体,右侧空白对照.取自体BMSCs,经体外分离培养扩增后,与BMP -2、藻酸钙凝胶及胶原蛋白膜形成复合体修复骨缺损,于2、4、8、12周时行大体、X线片、免疫组织化学观察.[结果]整个过程中可见实验组缺损区新生骨组织增殖明显、持续时间较长,且无过量的结缔组织生长;X线早期可见连续性骨痂通过缺损区,分布均匀;免疫组织化学可见多个成骨中心,骨小梁排列有序,成熟骨替代完全,BMP分布持续时间长,且在新骨组织中分布范围大.[结论]复合体能修复骨缺损,并且能够阻挡周围软组织进入缺损区,为新骨生长提供空间;同时作为BMP的载体,能减少外溢,提高其疗效.     

Intramuscular bone induction by human recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 with beta-tricalcium phosphate as a carrier: in vivo bone banking for muscle-pedicle autograft

 An ideal replacement for bone defects is auto-bone tissue, of which there is an ample supply with the required form and with vascularity. Our strategy for generating such bone tissue is as follows. First, bone tissue is induced in muscle by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) with beta-tricalcium phosphate as a carrier to maintain its form in the muscle. Second, the induced bone in the muscle pedicle is grafted to the bone defect to maintain vascularity. In the first experiment, 50 μg of recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) was inoculated into the hip abductor muscle of rabbits with beta-tricalcium phosphate under anesthesia. Five weeks after the operation, intramuscular bone formation was observed in all of the samples, and the form and size of the induced bone tissue were identical to those of the carrier. Ten weeks after the operation, the induced bone was partly absorbed. In the second experiment, 50 μg of rhBMP-2 was inoculated in the same manner as previously. Five weeks after the operation, the muscle tissue around the induced bone was incised, leaving just the proximal part as a pedicle. Two or four weeks after the second operation, the induced bone tissue had rich vascularity and no empty lacunae. This indicates the possibility of in vivo bone banking to enable morphologically controlled and vascularized auto-bone grafts. Received: December 21, 2001 / Accepted: March 28, 2002     

Amniotic membrane attenuates heterotopic ossification following high-dose bone morphogenetic protein-2 treatment of segmental bone defects

Treatment of large bone defects with supraphysiological doses of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) has been associated with complications including heterotopic ossification (HO), inflammation, and pain, presumably due to poor spatiotemporal control of BMP-2. We have previously recapitulated extensive HO in our rat femoral segmental defect model by treatment with high-dose BMP-2 (30 μg). Using this model and BMP-2 dose, our objective was to evaluate the utility of a clinically available human amniotic membrane (AM) around the defect space for guided bone regeneration and reduction of HO. We hypothesized that AM surrounding collagen sponge would attenuate heterotopic ossification compared with collagen sponge alone. In vitro, AM retained more BMP-2 than a synthetic poly(ε-caprolactone) membrane through 21 days. In vivo, as hypothesized, the collagen + AM resulted in significantly less heterotopic ossification and correspondingly, lower total bone volume (BV), compared with collagen sponge alone. Although bone formation within the defect was delayed with AM around the defect, by 12 weeks, defect BVs were equivalent. Torsional stiffness was significantly reduced with AM but was equivalent to that of intact bone. Collagen + AM resulted in the formation of dense fibrous tissue and mineralized tissue, while the collagen group contained primarily mineralized tissue surrounded by marrow-like structures. Especially in conjunction with high doses of growth factor delivered via collagen sponge, these findings suggest AM may be effective as an overlay adjacent to bone healing sites to spatially direct bone regeneration and minimize heterotopic ossification.     

负载人骨形态发生蛋白-7基因的兔脂肪干细胞向成骨细胞分化的实验研究

目的 探讨人骨形态发生蛋白-7(hBMP-7)基因修饰对兔脂肪干细胞(ADSCs)成骨能力的影响. 方法 原代培养兔脂肪干细胞,免疫组织化学方法检测细胞表面抗原CD44、CD49d、CD106的表达,对细胞进行鉴定;阳离子脂质体介导hBMP-7基因转染ADSCs,绿色荧光蛋白表达观察转染效率、逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测目的基因hBMP-7的表达;ALP定量测定,Western blot检测Ⅰ型胶原、骨钙素的表达,以评价转基因ADSCs向成骨细胞分化的情况. 结果 从兔脂肪组织中分离出来的ADSCs CD44、CD49d表达呈阳性,CD106表达呈阴性.RT-PCR检测筛选后的ADSCs稳定表达hBMP-7.转染后7、10、14 d ALP定量测定转染组明显高于未转染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);成骨标志物Ⅰ型胶原、骨钙素的表达转染组明显高于未转染组.结论 从脂肪组织中分离出的ADSCs是一种较好的组织工程种子细胞.hBMP-7重组质粒转染ADSCs后表达目的蛋白,并诱导ADSCs向成骨细胞分化.     

聚乙二醇化骨形态发生蛋白-2基因转染兔骨髓间充质干细胞及其表达测定

目的：聚乙二醇化骨形态发生蛋白-2基因（PEG/BMP-2）纳米颗粒转染兔骨髓间充质干细胞（rBMSCs）,检测骨形态发生蛋白-2（BMP-2）在靶细胞中的表达。方法：原代分离培养rBMSCs,分别采用PEG/BMP-2、脂质体/BMP-2转染细胞,采用流式细胞仪检测转染效率,采用Western Blot和real time RT-PCR方法检测BMP-2表达。结果：成功制备出PEG/BMP-2纳米颗粒并将PEG/BMP-2转染至rBMSCs,转染细胞中BMP-2呈高表达,且与脂质体转染法相比,具有更高的转染效率。结论：PEG/BMP-2纳米颗粒转染rBMSCs可高表达BMP-2,为骨缺损治疗修复提供新的治疗方法。     

骨形态发生蛋白-2/骨髓基质干细胞微囊复合磷酸钙骨水泥的蛋白表达

目的 探讨携带骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)/Tet-on基因的骨髓基质干细胞(BMSCs)微囊与磷酸钙骨水泥(CPC)多孔支架复合后分泌BMP-2及胶原蛋白的能力. 方法 以携带BMP-2/Tet-on基因的腺病毒转染大鼠BMSCs,应用微胶囊技术包裹BMSCs.采用食盐造孔法使CPC形成多孔支架.实验分为3组(每组4个样本):实验组在CPC多孔支架上复合BMSCs-海藻酸钠-聚赖氨酸-海藻酸钠(APA)微囊复合体,阳性对照组直接培养含BMP-2/Tet-on基因的BMSCs,单纯APA-CPC组在CPC支架上接种空壳微胶囊.培养第3、6、9、12天取3组培养基用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)测定BMP-2的浓度.实验组固定后做硬组织切片染色观察胶原蛋白的分泌情况. 结果 培养第3、6、9、12天,实验组BMP-2浓度平均分别为(4713.98±178.50)、(3288.85±194.38)、(1292.25±300.11)、(337.19±84.49) μg/mL,阳性对照组BMP-2浓度平均分别为(4663.87±242.99)、(3250.67±293.72)、(1276.74±157.10)、(293.65±92.48) μg/mL,单纯APA-CPC组BMP-2浓度平均分别为(105.14±10.93)、(91.42±18.00)、(89.63±12.99)、(108.72±23.90) μg/mL,同一时间点3组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中实验组、阳性对照组分别与单纯APA-CPC组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而实验组与阳性对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).实验组硬组织切片染色后可观察到淡黄色类骨质、绿色胶原纤维. 结论 微囊化BMSCs在CPC中可以存活并预期表达BMP-2和胶原蛋白,可以进行下一步体内实验.     

人骨形态发生蛋白-2基因转染兔骨髓基质干细胞及其表达

目的探讨含有人骨形态发生蛋白-2(hBMP-2)cDNA的真核表达载体在兔骨髓基质干细胞(MSCs)中的转录及表达情况,为进一步进行多基因转染MSCs复合纳米仿生骨治疗骨缺损实验提供材料。方法用电穿孔方法将真核表达载体pIRES2-EGFP-hBMP2转染至兔MSCs中,荧光显微镜及流式细胞学检查观察转染效果、检测转染效率,定量RT-PCR方法观察hBMP-2cDNA在兔MSCs中的转录情况,免疫组织化学及westernblot方法检测hBMP-2蛋白表达情况,ALP活性定量测定检测hBMP-2蛋白功能。结果电穿孔方法将重组质粒转染至兔MSCs中,荧光显微镜下观察到绿色荧光蛋白表达,流式细胞仪检测转染效率为(42.7±2.1)%,转染24h后定量RT-PCR方法检测到hBMP-2cDNA在兔MSCs中的转录片断,免疫组织化学观察到hBMP-2蛋白呈强阳性表达,westernblot方法可见18KDhBMP-2蛋白条带,转染组细胞ALP活性明显提高(P>0.05)。结论pIRES2-EGFP-hBMP2通过电穿孔方法导入兔MSCs,并在其中有效表达,发挥生物学作用。     

缺氧状态对骨形态发生蛋白-2诱导分化体外复合富血小板血浆凝胶的骨髓间充质干细胞的影响

目的研究缺氧状态对骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)诱导分化体外复合富血小板血浆(PRP)凝胶的骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)的影响。方法取第三代培养的BMSCs细胞与PRP凝胶相混合,通过构建细胞缺氧模型,根据培养条件的不同确定实验分组:常氧BMSCs+PRP组(A组)、常氧BMP-2+BMSCs+PRP组(B组)、低氧BMSCs+PRP组(C组)、低氧BMP-2+BMSCs+PRP组(D组)。反转录-聚合酶链反应法(RT-PCR)及Western-blotting检测各组成软骨及成骨基因的表达。结果 RT-PCR检测表明C组和D组的Ⅱ型胶原、蛋白聚糖和低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)表达均较A组和B组明显升高;Ⅰ型胶原和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)在B组的表达最高;A组与B组runt相关转录因子2(Runx2)的表达较C组和D组明显升高。Western-blotting检测结果表明B组和D组的Ⅱ型胶原表达较A组和C组明显升高;C组与D组的HIF-1α表达较A组与B组显著升高;D组的SOX-9表达较其余3组显著升高。所有结果差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论低氧条件能显著促进BMP-2对BMSCs的成软骨诱导分化,同时抑制BMSCs的成骨分化。HIF-1α可能是这一过程的重要调节因子,其可能通过调节SOX-9的表达来发挥促BMSCs成软骨细胞分化的作用。     

人重组骨形态发生蛋白-2修复全层关节软骨缺损的实验研究

目的 :研究人重组骨形态发生蛋白 2 (rhBMP 2 )对全层关节软骨缺损的修复 ,观察修复效果。方法 :家犬 8只 (16膝 ) ,每个膝内外髁均做全层软骨缺损 ,内外髁共 3 2个缺损。随机分为 4组 ,每组 2只。每只犬一侧关节行胶原海绵吸附rh BMP填充内外髁缺损 ,另一侧以单纯胶原海绵填充作对照 ,不处理组为空白对照。术后 2、4、 8、 12周取材作大体、光镜、透射电镜观察。结果 :rh BMP组为类软骨细胞修复 ,而单纯胶原海绵组和空白组均为纤维性修复。结论 :rhBMP 2有效地促进关节软骨缺损的修复 ,可以作为临床上治疗关节软骨缺损的方法