单侧后牙反(牙合)患者的咀嚼肌肌电图分析

目的: 通过对单侧后牙反(牙合)患者咀嚼肌肌电检查,分析单侧后牙反(牙合)对咀嚼功能的影响.方法:用肌电图仪记录20 例(男11 例,女 9 例)单侧后牙反(牙合)患者和20 例(男10 例,女10 例)正常对照组在下颌姿势位、紧咬和双侧咀嚼时咬肌和颞肌前束的肌电数据.计算咬肌的活动不对称指数(ASMM)和颞肌前束的活动不对称指数(ASTA),然后进行统计学分析.结果:在紧咬和双侧咀嚼时,单侧后牙反(牙合)组咬肌和颞肌前束肌电值明显低于对照组(P＜0.05),反(牙合)侧明显低于非反(牙合)侧;单侧后牙反(牙合)组与对照组ASMM和ASTA在紧咬和双侧咀嚼时有显著性差异(P＜0.05);单个后牙反(牙合)组与多个后牙反(牙合)组ASMM和ASTA在紧咬和双侧咀嚼时有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:单侧后牙反(牙合)对咀嚼肌功能有明显的影响,应对其进行积极治疗.     

偏侧咀嚼对大鼠咀嚼肌肌电图的影响

目的 利用动物模型，观察偏侧咀嚼对咀嚼肌肌电图的影响，从而探讨偏侧咀嚼在颞下颌关节紊乱病发病中的作用。方法 对40只大白鼠拔除右侧上颌后牙造成偏侧咀嚼模型，分成实验l组和实验2组，另外40只作为对照，分成对照l组和对照2组。l组和2组分另1于4周和8周后进行肌电图检查。结果 无论是实验l组还是实验2组，其松弛状态或紧咬时颞肌、咬肌的电位明显高于对照组，并又实验组紧咬时左右咬肌不对称性活动增加，对照组的咬肌肌电活动的对称性明显高于实验组。同时，实验组双侧颞肌和咬肌的肌电图静息期较对照组显著延长。结论 偏侧咀嚼可以对咀嚼肌肌电图造成影响，可能是颞下颌关节紊乱病的病因之一。     

情绪应激对大鼠咀嚼肌肌电图及颞下颌关节微结构的影响

目的:观察情绪因素对咀嚼肌肌电图和颞下颌关节(temporomandibular joint,TMJ)的影响,探讨情绪应激在颞下颌关节病发病中的作用。方法:90只SD大鼠,随机分为对照组,心理应激组和足部电击组,人为造成情绪刺激的动物模型。分别在0天,1周,3周和5周后进行肌电图检查,并通过扫描点镜观察TMJ的结构变化。结果:无论是实验1周、3周和5周其松弛状态或紧咬时颞肌、咬肌的电位明显高于0天,且两侧无明显差别,同时,情绪刺激组双侧颞肌和咬肌的肌电图静息期较对照组显著延长;情绪应激1周时,大鼠髁突软骨表面的凝胶样物开始出现不完整,剩余的堆积呈纤维条索样,且可见到髁突表面胶原纤维暴露且排列紊乱。3、5周组大鼠髁突表面有宽窄不等、深浅不一的微小裂隙。结论:情绪应激可以对咀嚼肌肌电图和TMJ的结构造成影响,可能是颞下颌关节紊乱病的病因之一。     

肉毒杆菌毒素对兔颞下颌关节骨关节病咀嚼肌肌电的影响

目的：研究肉毒杆菌毒素对颞下颌关节骨关节病咀嚼肌功能的影响,为应用肉毒杆菌毒素治疗该病提供依据.方法：30只兔作咀嚼肌肌电图检查,其结果作为肌电正常值,并应用胶原酶注射法制成颞下颌关节骨关节病动物模型,随机分为2组.实验组兔双侧嚼肌、颞肌注射肉毒杆菌毒素,对照组仅为骨关节病状态.分别于4、8、12周末对2组兔作咀嚼肌肌电图检查,分析对比2组兔肌电电位的变化.所得资料用SPSS11.0软件行团体t检验.结果：姿势位时,对照组各时间点肌电电位显著高于正常;实验组在4周、8周末低于正常,12周末与正常相比无显著差异（P＞0.05）.牙尖交错最大紧咬状态下,对照组各时间点肌电电位显著低于正常;实验组在4周、8周末略低于正常,12周末与正常相比无显著差异（P＞0.05）.结论：肉毒杆菌毒素能改变颞下颌关节骨关节病咀嚼肌的功能状态,促进肌功能恢复正常.     

稳定性咬合板治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病的咀嚼肌肌电图研究

目的：通过对颞下颌关节紊乱病（Temporomandibular disorders,TMD）患者进行稳定性咬合板的可逆性咬合治疗,然后利用肌电图仪测量治疗前后患者的咀嚼肌（TA和MM）的肌电情况,分析探讨用稳定性咬合板对颞下颌关节紊乱病患者咀嚼肌肌电图的影响。方法：选取来我院就诊的10例咀嚼肌功能紊乱患者,在稳定性咬合板治疗前和治疗后3个月时,分别用肌电图仪对其咀嚼肌（TA和MM）进行肌电检查,并通过比较治疗前后的咀嚼肌活动不对称指数情况。结果：戴入稳定性咬合板3个月后,颞肌前束与咬肌的MPP和ICP高电位降低（P〈0.05）;最大紧咬时双侧咀嚼肌总体不对称性指数（Astot）、双侧颞肌不对称性指数（ASTA）和双侧咬肌不对称性指数（ASMM）均降低（P〈0.05）。结论：颞下颌关节紊乱病患者通过稳定性咬合板进行咬合治疗后,使患者双侧咀嚼肌的MPP和ICP高电位较治疗前有明显的降低,最大紧咬时双侧咀嚼肌活动不对称性得到明显的改善。     

骨性III类错牙合畸形患者正颌手术前后咀嚼肌功能变化的初步研究

目的:应用肌电图仪评价骨性III类错牙合畸形患者正颌手术前后咀嚼肌功能的变化。方法:收集16例骨性III类错牙合畸形需正颌手术病例和20例正常牙合对照组,应用MedelecSynergy肌电图仪分别在静息放松、正中紧咬、前伸、开口、侧方和咀嚼运动时,测定双侧颞肌前束、咬肌和二腹肌前腹的表面募集电位,并计算其肌不对称指数运动。病例组在术后3个月和6个月时重复测定,采用t检验进行统计学分析,并与对照组进行比较。结果:手术前病例组咀嚼肌电位小于对照组,尤以紧咬和咀嚼时差异显著(P<0.05),肌不对称指数与对照组无差异。术后3个月时,部分肌功能恢复,但紧咬和咀嚼时募集电位下降显著(P<0.001),肌不对称指数也增大,提示此时肌功能尚未完全恢复。术后6个月各种功能运动时的募集电位均大于术前水平,肌不对称指数则基本小于术前水平,说明肌功能有所改善。结论:骨性III类错牙合畸形患者手术前咀嚼肌功能弱于对照组,正颌手术矫正了颌骨位置和咬合关系,改善了患者的咀嚼肌功能。     

上颌四眼簧扩弓纠正早期功能性下颌偏斜的髁突位置变化研究

目的:通过颞下颌关节断层片测量,探讨上颌四眼簧扩弓纠正单侧后牙反(牙合),改善早期功能性下颌偏斜后髁突位置的变化.方法:混合牙列或早期恒牙列,单侧后牙反(牙合)伴有或不伴有前牙反(牙合),下颌功能性偏斜患者16例,采用上颌Quad-Helix扩弓法,对矫治前后颞下颌关节断层片进行测量分析.结果:单侧后牙反(牙合)矫正后,偏斜侧T1期与T2期髁突位置变化无统计学意义(P＞0.05).对侧髁突向后移动,即治疗后,对侧关节腔前间隙增大,上间隙和后间隙比治疗前减小(p＜0.05).结论:混合牙列或早期恒牙列,上颌四眼簧扩弓器纠正单侧后牙反(牙合),使髁突与关节窝关系发生改变,两侧髁突运动逐渐对称.     

偏侧咀嚼的咀嚼肌肌电图分析

目的:通过对偏侧咀嚼患者咀嚼肌肌电图的分析,评估:⑴偏侧咀嚼是否会影响咀嚼肌的肌功能状况,⑵这种影响与性别、偏侧咀嚼持续时间的关系。方法:用肌电图仪分别记录16例(男女各8人,平均32.4岁)持续不同时间的偏侧咀嚼组和10例正常对照组在牙列轻接触、中度咬合和最大咬合时的嚼肌和颞肌前束的肌电数据,计算嚼肌的活动不对称指数(ASMM)和颞肌前束的活动不对称指数(ASTA),然后进行统计学分析。结果:⑴偏侧咀嚼组与对照组ASMM和ASTA在中度咬合和最大咬合时,有显著性差异(P<0.05);(2)偏侧咀嚼持续时间为0.5～2年组与5年组ASMM和ASTA无显著性差异(P>0.05);(3)男性组与女性组ASMM和ASTA无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:偏侧咀嚼的确会损害咀嚼肌的肌功能状况,但这种损害在5年内没有明显变化且与性别无关。     

OSAHS患者戴用下颌前移矫治器后咀嚼肌肌电活性变化的研究

目的:探讨OSAHS患者戴用下颌前移矫治器对咀嚼肌肌电活性的初期影响。方法:随机选取37例使用下颌前移矫治器治疗的OSAHS患者,分别在戴用前和戴用1周后利用Bio-EMGⅢ肌电图仪记录在息止位、最大紧咬位时颞肌前束、咬肌的表面肌电图,对比分析左、右侧同名肌肉的不对称指数,以及颞肌前束/咬肌的活动指数在戴用前后的变化。结果:戴用下颌前移矫治器后在息止位和最大紧咬位:1)各组肌肉肌电幅值均未见明显变化;2)各咀嚼肌的不对称指数均未见明显变化;3)颞肌前束/咬肌的活动指数明显增加(P<0.05)。结论:OSAHS患者戴用下颌前移矫治器1周后出现了颞肌前束相对咬肌肌电活动强度增加的变化,应对其进行长期随访。     

偏侧咀嚼对大鼠颞下颌关节及咀嚼肌影响的研究

目的　研究偏侧咀嚼对大鼠颞下颌关节及咀嚼肌的影响。方法　 80只大白鼠随机分为 4组 ,实验组拔除右上颌磨牙 ,对照组未做处理 ,饲养条件相同。实验 1组拔牙后 4周末、实验 2组拔牙后 8周末处死动物 ,取其双侧颞肌、咀嚼肌及颞下颌关节进行病理切片检查 ,结果与对照组对照。结果　实验 1、2组双侧颞下颌关节、颞肌及咀嚼肌均出现受损的病理变化。髁状突及关节盘均有破坏 ,咀嚼肌有炎性变化。结论　偏侧咀嚼是颞下颌关节紊乱病的病因之一。     

Comparative cross-sectional study of masticatory performance and mastication predominance for patients with missing posterior teeth

PurposeMissing posterior teeth can decrease masticatory function and cause horizontal mastication deviation, i.e., mastication predominance. Mastication predominance may lead to abnormal tooth attrition and temporomandibular disorders. This study evaluated masticatory performance and mastication predominance in patients with missing posterior teeth to investigate effects of missing posterior teeth on masticatory performance and mastication predominance.MethodsThirty volunteers with normal dentition (control group), 30 patients with unilateral missing posterior teeth (unilateral group), and 23 patients with bilateral missing posterior teeth (bilateral group) participated. Gummy jellies were used to evaluate participants’ masticatory performance, and electromyography was used to assess the degree of mastication predominance. Chewing gums, gummy jellies, and peanuts were used as foods of various hardnesses for evaluating mastication predominance.ResultsCompared with the control group, masticatory performance did not differ in the unilateral group but was significantly decreased in the bilateral group. With chewing gum and gummy jellies, the degree of mastication predominance was significantly increased in both unilateral and bilateral groups than the control group. With peanuts, the degree of mastication predominance was significantly increased in the unilateral group than the control group.ConclusionsAlthough masticatory performance was not decreased in the unilateral group, the degree of mastication predominance was increased. Decreased masticatory performance was observed in the bilateral group, and for foods with normal hardness and soft foods, the degree of mastication predominance was increased. These results suggested that mastication predominance should be considered in the recovery of masticatory performance in patients with missing posterior teeth.     

咬合恢复对偏侧咀嚼大鼠咀嚼肌影响的实验研究

目的：研究咬合恢复对偏侧咀嚼大鼠咀嚼肌的影响.方法：40只Wister大鼠随机分为4组,所有动物间断磨除有上、下颌磨牙牙冠至龈下,实验1组第3周、实验2组第9周停止磨牙,任其自行萌出,恢复咬合关系.对照组不停止牙冠磨除,饲养条件相同.实验1组磨除牙冠后10周末、实验2组磨除牙冠后16周末处死动物,取其双侧颞肌、咬肌进行光镜、电镜切片检查,结果与对照组对照.采用SPSS10.0软件进行统计学分析.结果：实验1组与对照1组双侧咀嚼肌受损情况有显著性差异（χ2=40,P＜0.01）.实验2组与对照2组双侧咀嚼肌受损情况无显著性差异（χ2=3.66,P＞0.05）.结论：早期咬合恢复,可恢复偏侧咀嚼大鼠咀嚼肌的损害.     

Masticatory muscle activity before and after elimination of balancing side occlusal interference

The activity of the masseter and anterior and posterior temporal muscles was studied by electromyography (EMG) in thirteen subjects with unilateral balancing side interferences and in twelve control subjects without such interferences. In both groups the EMG recordings were made during postural activity and various functions of the masticatory system and in the interference group they were repeated on two occasions following occlusal adjustment. The postural muscle activity was significantly lower in the interference than in the control group while there was no difference during maximal bite. The number of chewing cycles was greater and the act of chewing was somewhat longer in the interference than in the control group. During swallowing of water the maximal mean voltage amplitude was smaller in the interference than in the control group. The findings are discussed in relation to previous results and the conflicting ideas concerning occlusal factors in the aetiology of mandibular dysfunction.     

不同牙合型人群咀嚼肌肌电活动的研究

目的:利用肌电图仪测量不同牙合型人群咀嚼肌肌电活动,分析比较各组人群的咀嚼肌肌电特点和差异。方法:1)选取符合实验标准的自愿者33人,平均年龄21.71岁。分组,正常对照组10人,安氏Ⅰ类错牙合组10人,安氏Ⅱ类错牙合组8人,安氏Ⅲ类错牙合组5人;2)用肌电图仪测量各组人群的测量不同牙合型的咀嚼肌肌电活动;3)用SPSS17.0软件进行统计学分析,得出各组人群的咀嚼肌肌电特点和差异。结果:1)静息状态下,显著性>0.05,各组人群咀嚼肌的电位变化没有显著性差异;2)咀嚼过程中,安氏Ⅲ类错牙合畸形组,与正常对照组、安氏Ⅰ类错牙合畸形组、安氏Ⅱ类错牙合畸形组相比,咬肌的电位值显著性<0.05,存在显著性差异;3)吞咽时,①安氏Ⅱ类错牙合畸形组人群,与正常对照组间咬肌的电位比较,显著性<0.05,存在显著性差异;②安氏Ⅲ类错牙合畸形组人群,与正常对照组、安氏Ⅰ类错牙合畸形组咬肌的电位相比较,显著性<0.05,存在显著性差异;③安氏Ⅲ类错牙合畸形组与其余3组二腹肌电位相比较,显著性<0.05,存在显著性差异。4)不同状态时各组人群两侧咀嚼肌肌电变化不同,存在相关性与差异性。结论:不同牙合型人群在咀嚼和吞咽过程中,咀嚼肌肌电活动有所不同,推断错牙合畸形可影响咀嚼肌的正常功能运动。     

Electromyographic power spectrum of jaw muscles during clenching in unilateral temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis patients

The relationship between temporomandibular joints (TMJ) osteoarthritis and masticatory muscle disorders is poorly understood. The data are sparse, the results are conflicting, and electromyographic (EMG) power spectrum analysis has not been used. The aims of this study were to compare the differences in EMG power spectrum during, and pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) before and after, sustained clenching in patients with unilateral TMJ osteoarthritis and healthy control subjects. Nineteen patients with unilateral TMJ osteoarthritis without masticatory muscle pain and 20 control subjects were evaluated. We measured EMG amplitudes at maximum voluntary contraction, median frequency from the EMG power spectrum during sustained clenching at 70% and PPTs before and after the clenching in both temporalis and masseter muscles. There were no significant differences in PPT decrease between muscles or between groups during sustained clenching. There were no significant differences in maximum voluntary contraction EMG activity ratios of affected to unaffected sides between groups, or of masseter to temporalis muscles between affected and unaffected side of patients with TMJ osteoarthritis. Median frequencies decreased from the beginning to the end of the sustained clench, and the interaction between group and clench was significant: the median frequency decrease was larger in the osteoarthritis group. Our results suggested that masticatory muscles of patients with unilateral TMJ osteoarthritis are more easily fatigued during sustained clenching than normal subjects.     

Masticatory efficiency and muscular activity in removable partial dental prostheses with different cusp angles

Statement of problem

The loss of posterior teeth has a negative effect on the masticatory efficiency and activity of mastication muscles. How these muscles are affected by partial removable dental prostheses (PRDPs) with different cusp angles is unknown.

单侧下颌骨发育过度畸形咀嚼肌肌电活性的研究

目的：研究下颌骨发育性不对称畸形患者下颌骨附丽肌的功能状况,探讨该类畸形与咀嚼肌肌电活性的关系。方法：以１０例成年单侧下颌骨过度发育性不对称畸形患者为研究对象,通过肌电图仪测试双侧颞肌、咬肌、二腹肌在功能活动时的肌电变化,进行该类患者双侧咀嚼肌肌电活性比较;并以１０例正常下颌骨双侧咀嚼肌肌电活性作为对照。结果：在单侧下颌骨发育过度性不对称畸形患者中,双侧咀嚼肌的肌电活性具有显著差异,其双侧肌电活性     

CMD患者咀嚼肌肌电与颞颌关节病症及咬合的对照研究

目的 研究颅颌功能紊乱（CMD）患者咀嚼肌功能紊乱与TMJ病症及咬合的关系。方法 根据TMJX线片检查，将患者分为TMJ轻症组和TMJ重症组；根据临床咬合检查将患者分为咬合正常组和5类咬合异常组和5类咬合异常组；记录双侧颞肌，嚼肌和二腹肌前腹在下颌姿势位及最大紧咬时的肌电活动，并与TMJ病症及咬合进行对照。结果 94.44%的患者肌电图异常，以MM和TP功能紊乱较多见；MM肌电异常的人数以及TP姿势位高电位，ICP紧咬低电位人数，重症组显著多于轻症组；不同咬合情况，其肌电图表现有显著性差异。结论 咀嚼肌功能紊乱贯穿于CMD的各个阶段，随着TMJ病症的加重，咀嚼肌功能紊乱亦会加重，咀嚼肌功能紊乱与咬合异常有关，不同异常咬合情况，其肌电异常表现特征亦不同。