分化型甲状腺癌被膜及被膜外微小侵犯与复发风险

背景与目的：第八版TNM分期取消了分化型甲状腺癌(differentiated thyroid cancer,DTC)甲状腺外微小侵犯(minimal extra-thyroid invasion,MEI)对死亡风险的影响。该研究旨在采用美国甲状腺协会疗效反应评估系统探讨MEI与DTC颈部疾病复发/持续存在之间的关系。方法：回顾性研究942例就诊于北京协和医院的非远处转移型DTC患者,中位随访24个月,根据¹³¹I治疗后的疗效反应将患者分为结构性改变组(structural incomplete response,SIR,n=55),即疾病复发/持续存在,与非SIR组(NSIR,n=887);采用卡方检验、秩和检验等对比两组患者的临床病理特征,多因素分析法分析影响颈部复发的主要因素,同时对MEI与颈部复发进行相关性分析。对比低危组(n=39)与微小侵犯组(无其他危险因素,n=65)患者一般临床病理特点及131I治疗疗效反应的差异。结果：SIR组与非SIR组患者在肿瘤大小(P=0.018)、淋巴结分期(P=0.008)、甲状腺外明显侵犯(P=0.008)方面存在差异,在MEI方面差异无统计学意义(P=0.444)。多因素分析显示影响,患者复发的主要因素为肿瘤大小(P=0.007)与甲外明显侵犯(P=0.036);相关性分析提示MEI与DTC颈部复发无明显相关(r = -0.026,P=0.425)。微小侵犯组在女性患者比率(P=0.018)、确诊年龄(P=0.033)方面略高于低危组,在肿瘤大小(P=0.517)、多灶性(P=1.000)、¹³¹I剂量(P=1.000)方面差异无统计学意义;经外科手术及¹³¹I治疗后两组患者复发率差异无统计学意义(1.5% vs 2.6%,P=0.244)。结论：MEI不是影响非远处转移性DTC颈部复发的危险因素。     

Selection criteria for high risk and low risk groups of recurrence and metastasis in patients with primary colorectal cancer

Among 371 patients with primary colorectal cancer, 54 patients suffered from recurrence/metastasis (recurrence group) and 317 survived without recurrence for at least 5 years (non-recurrence group). The clinicopathological characteristics of the 2 groups were compared and occult neoplastic cells (ONCs) in the lymph node sinuses were detected by cytokeratin immunohistochemistry. There were significant differences of the following factors: venous invasion (v-) vs. (v+) for Dukes' A patients (p=0.0315); harvested lymph nodes (LN) or=15 for Dukes' B patients (p=0.0388); (v-) vs. (v+) (p=0.0059), lymphatic invasion (ly-) vs. (ly+) (p=0.0435) for Dukes' A and B patients combined; D>n vs. D=n (p=0.0033), depth of tumor invasion or=se/a2 (p=0.0329) for Dukes' C patients. When the detection of >or=3 ONCs was defined as positive, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were respectively 77%, 100%, 100% and 71% in Dukes' B patients, as well as 75%, 72%, 73% and 74% in Dukes' C patients. The high-risk groups for recurrence/metastasis were identified by the following criteria: (v+) and (ly+), or=se/a2, and ONCs (+) of those with >or=2 factors for Dukes' C patients (selection rate; approximately 21.2-37.5%). These factors seem to be appropriate for separating patients into high-risk and low-risk groups of colorectal cancer recurrence/metastasis.     

Enhancement of lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis of thyroid carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms of local and distant metastases are imperfectly understood. The goal of the current study was to add to the body of knowledge regarding local and distant metastases of thyroid malignancies. METHODS: The authors performed multivariate analysis of 573 patients who underwent surgery between November 1994 and May 2002 for follicular (FTC; n = 100), papillary (PTC; n = 236), or medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC; n = 237) at a university hospital. RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, extrathyroidal extension consistently evolved as the key risk factor for both lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. This correlation was most pronounced in MTC and least pronounced in FTC. The risk of lymph node metastasis also increased with reoperative status in patients with MTC and with primary tumor diameter in patients with MTC (tumor diameter > 10 mm) and patients with PTC (tumor diameter > 20 mm). In the PTC group, lymph node metastasis was more common among patients younger than age 45. In the MTC group, extrathyroidal growth and distant metastasis were associated exclusively with lymph node metastasis. Lymph node metastasis was the only secondary risk factor for distant metastasis. In the analysis of risk factors for distant metastasis in the FTC and PTC groups, no interaction was found between extrathyroidal growth and lymph node metastasis. This finding suggests that extrathyroidal growth and lymph node metastasis of FTC and PTC, and presumably also MTC, represent separate mechanisms and routes of distant metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: Screening for both local residual disease and distant metastases should be intensified in the high-risk population of patients whose primary tumors exhibit large diameters, extrathyroidal growth, or lymph node metastasis.     

Permanent hypocalcemia in patients operated for thyroid carcinoma

Aim and objective

The incidence and risk factors for permanent hypocalcemia in thyroid carcinoma were investigated.

Materials and methods

The records of 417 patients were reviewed retrospectively at tertiary oncology referral center. Total or subtotal thyroidectomy patients constituted group I (n = 225), reoperative thyroid surgery patients constituted group II (n = 106), and therapeutic neck dissection cases constituted group III (n = 86). Age, gender, thyroid functions, pathologically verified tumor type, differentiation, localization and size, multicentricity, thyroid capsule invasion, extrathyroidal soft tissue invasion, coexistence of lymphocytic thyroiditis, metastatic lymph nodes dissected, incidental parathyroidectomy, and the type of surgery were investigated.

Re sults

Permanent hypocalcemia was seen in 32 (7.7%) patients. The incidence of permanent hypocalcemia for each group was 1.7%, 10.3% and 19.7%, respectively. Related risk factors were hyperthyroidism for group I [adjusted relative risk (RR) = 21.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.6–165, p = 0.01] incidental parathyroidectomy for group II (RR = 7.8, 95% CI = 1.9–31.0, p = 0.004), and extrathyroidal soft tissue invasion (RR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.1–9.5, p = 0.03) for group III.

Conclusion

Permanent hypocalcemia rate was increased with reoperative thyroid surgery and neck dissection added to total thyroidectomy. Hyperthyroidism, incidental parathyroidectomy and extrathyroidal extension were related risk factors.     

Local recurrence and occult neoplastic cells in the extranodal fat of dissected lymph nodes in patients with curatively resected primary colorectal cancer

This study was designed to examine the relationship between occult neoplastic cells (ONCs) inside and outside harvested lymph nodes (intranodal/extranodal ONCs) and local recurrence in 30 patients who underwent curative resection of primary colorectal cancer. Among 10 patients with colon cancer (Dukes' A=1, Dukes' B=6 and Dukes' C=3), intranodal ONCs were positive in 1 patient (10.0%) and negative in 9 patients (90.0%), while extranodal ONCs were negative in all 10 patients (100.0%). There were no significant differences between the detection of intranodal or extranodal ONCs. Among 20 patients with rectal cancer (Dukes' A=4, Dukes' B=2 and Dukes' C=14), intranodal ONCs were positive in 5 (25.0%) and negative in 15 (75.0%), while extranodal ONCs were positive in 3 (15.0%) and negative in 17 (85.0%). There were no significant differences between the detection of intranodal or extranodal ONCs. These results suggest that patients with rectal cancer and extranodal ONCs should be followed-up carefully as a high-risk group for pelvic local recurrence. However, the prevalence of extranodal and intranodal ONCs was almost similar.     

survivin、bcl-2及ki-67在弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤中的表达及临床意义

目的:研究弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B cell lymphoma,DLBCL)对化疗不敏感和复发现象是否与凋亡抑制因子survivin、bcl-2蛋白及增殖因子ki-67蛋白的表达有关。方法:收集2000-2003年本院收治的经病理学证实的DLBCL患者,符合入组条件41例,分析IPI各因素及疗效与预后之间的相关性。同时,20例可获取病理组织标本的患者,用免疫组化方法进行survivin、bcl-2及ki-67蛋白表达的测定,并对其进行预后相关性分析。结果:单因素分析显示临床分期、结外侵犯情况、ECOG评分、血清乳酸脱氢酶水平及疗效均为DLBCL的独立预后因素,是否合并放疗或使用美罗华对预后影响无统计学差别;多因素分析提示ECOG评分与疗效是影响无进展生存的独立预后因素。免疫组化分析显示ki-67乘积高的患者生存期较短(P<0．05),复发组的平均ki-67指数及bcl-2乘积较未复发组高(前者P<0．05,后者P=0．069),bcl-2乘积高的患者死亡率较高(P<0．05),survivin核阳性患者较核阴性患者生存期短,但差异未达到统计学意义(P>0．05)。结论:临床分期、结外侵犯情况、ECOG评分、血清乳酸脱氢酶水平、疗效及ki-67均为DLBCL的独立预后因素,Ki-67指数高为复发危险因素,bcl-一2乘积高为预后危险因素,survivin核阳性可能是预后不良因素。     

儿童及青少年分化型甲状腺癌远处转移的临床病理学危险因素分析

背景与目的：近年来，儿童及青少年甲状腺癌发病率不断上升。探讨儿童及青少年分化型甲状腺癌（children and adolescents differentiated thyroid cancer, caDTC）远处转移的临床病理学危险因素。方法：回顾性分析2007年2月—2018年10月在北京协和医院核医学科就诊的年龄<21岁的69例DTC患者，合并远处转移的40例患者归入A组，无远处转移的29例患者归入B组，用t检验对比两组年龄，用χ²检验对比两组性别、甲状腺外侵犯、多灶及BRAF^V600E，用Mann-Whitney U检验对比两组肿瘤直径、T分期、N分期、术后¹³¹I治疗前刺激性甲状腺球蛋白（preablation-stimulated thyroglobulin，ps-Tg）及甲状腺球蛋白抗体（thyroglobulin antibody，TgAb）。通过受试者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic，ROC）曲线评估ps-Tg对远处转移的预测价值。应用多因素logistic回归分析确定远处转移的预测因子。结果：A组患者表现出更小的年龄、更易呈多灶性、更高的病理分期及更高的ps-Tg水平，而两组性别、甲状腺外侵犯、肿瘤直径及TgAb方面差异无统计学意义。ps-Tg与远处转移关系的ROC曲线的曲线下面积为0.900。ps-Tg最佳临界点为102.35 ng/mL，对应的灵敏度、特异度和阴性预测值分别为70.0%、100.0%和70.7%。进一步多因素logistic回归分析中，年龄和ps-Tg被证实是远处转移的预测因子。结论：低龄、高ps-Tg水平及多灶性等局部侵袭特征与caDTC的远处转移相关，以102.35 ng/mL作为ps-Tg的界值点对caDTC的远处转移具有预测价值。     

The role of postoperative external-beam radiotherapy in the management of patients with papillary thyroid cancer invading the trachea

PURPOSE: To determine the role of adjuvant external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in the management of patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer invading the trachea. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Of 1,098 thyroid cancer patients, 68 (6%) were found to have tracheal invasion, and they all received "shave" excision of the tracheal cartilage. Among them, 12 patients had no postoperative residuum, 43 patients had microscopic residuum, and 13 patients had macroscopic residuum. All patients were divided into two groups according to treatment modality with or without EBRT; (1) the control group (n = 43) and (2) the EBRT group (n = 25). RESULTS: The locoregional recurrence rate for EBRT patients was much lower than that of control patients (51% for the control group vs. 8% for the EBRT group) (p < 0.01). The 10-year local progression-free survival rate for the EBRT group was significantly better than that of the control group (89% in the EBRT group vs. 38% in the control group) (log-rank, p < 0.01). The use of adjuvant EBRT after conservative surgery was an independent prognostic factor in univariate and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS: External-beam radiotherapy was found to be effective, particularly in patients with thyroid cancer invading the trachea with microscopic or gross residuum after conservative surgery.     

Efficacy of intra-arterial chemotherapy on life prolongation in patients with hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer

The efficacy of intra-arterial chemotherapy for life prolongation was investigated in patients with hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer who visited our hospital from Jan. 1989-Mar. 1999, but without any other remote metastasis when the presence of their hepatic metastasis was detected. The subjects were assigned to 4 groups; group A (n = 8) was only treated by hepatectomy, group B (n = 27) by intra-arterial chemotherapy combined with hepatectomy, group C (n = 42) with intra-arterial chemotherapy alone, and group D (n = 23) by systemic chemotherapy through intra-venous or oral administration. The survival rates of these groups were determined, and the recurrence risk after hepatectomy was compared between group A and B. Further, the survival rate of the patients treated by intra-arterial chemotherapy was compared between the cases of PD and not-PD (including CR, PR, and NC). The median survival in cases of H1 and H2 was 405 days for group A, 1,018 days for group B and 245 days for group C, showing that group B had a significantly more favorable prognosis than either group A or group C. There were also significant differences in the median survival of H3 cases between group C (422 days) and group D (113 days). One-year cumulative recurrence risks in the residual livers of group A and group B were 79% and 28%, respectively. Thus, significant differences in the recurrence risk were found in the two groups. Meanwhile, the median survival of PD and non-PD cases was 240 and 588 days, respectively. These results suggested that local control by intra-arterial chemotherapy is useful for life prolongation.     

嗜神经侵袭与早期宫颈癌临床病理特征及预后的关系

目的 探讨嗜神经侵袭（PNI）与早期宫颈癌临床病理特征的关系以及对预后的影响。方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2014年6月行根治性子宫切除术+盆腔淋巴结清扫术的ⅠA2～ⅡB期300例宫颈癌患者的临床资料,评估早期宫颈癌患者不同临床病理特征与PNI的关系,并分析影响早期宫颈癌患者的预后因素。结果 300例早期宫颈癌患者中,PNI阳性率为15.0％（45／300）。早期宫颈癌PNI的发生与间质浸润、淋巴脉管间隙浸润（LVSI）、淋巴结转移、宫旁浸润有关（P＜0.05）,而与临床分期、病理类型、分化程度、肿瘤大小、手术切缘无关（P＞0.05）。在随访期间,PNI阳性组复发率高于PNI阴性组（P＜0.001）;两组死亡率的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。PNI阳性患者的5年无瘤生存率和5年生存率（66.7%,84.4%）均低于PNI 阴性患者（90.1%,93.7%）,差异均有统计学意义（P=0.015,P=0.020）。Cox多因素生存分析显示,淋巴结转移、宫旁浸润、手术切缘是影响无瘤生存率和总生存率的独立因素（P＜0.05）,间质浸润是影响总生存率的独立因素（P=0.037）;而PNI不是影响无瘤生存率或总生存率的独立因素（P＞0.05）。结论 PNI的发生与早期宫颈癌间质浸润、LVSI、淋巴结转移、宫旁浸润有关,其与预后的关系需要进一步研究。     

Pelvic recurrence after Miles' operation for anastomotic recurrence in a patient with stage I rectal cancer invading the proper muscle layer: Case report

We performed D2 low anterior resection in a patient with stage I rectal cancer [pathological diagnosis: proper muscle (pm) invasion, n0, lymphatic invasion (ly), (-); venous invasion (v), (-); anal margin, (-)]. The tumor recurred at the anastomotic site approximately one year later and was treated with Miles' operation [pm, n0, ly (+); v (-); deep border of the primary tumor (-)]. The tumor marker CEA increased to 50.4 ng/ml at four months after surgery and pelvic local recurrence was detected. Since then, the patient has been receiving chemoradiotherapy on an out-patient basis. Cytokeratin immunostaining of all the lymph nodes collected during the two operations showed clusters of occult neoplastic cells (ONCs) in the perinodal fat around the nodes harvested at the first operation. These findings suggest that the risk of local recurrence of rectal cancer is increased even in stage I disease if ONCs are found in the perinodal fat. Further studies are required to examine the relationship between local recurrence and extranodal ONCs in patients with primary rectal cancer.     

错配修复基因联合中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值预测结肠癌术后复发的价值

目的 探讨不同错配修复基因(MMR)状态结肠癌临床病理特征,进一步评估MMR联合术前血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)用于预测结肠癌术后复发的价值.方法 回顾性分析125例结肠癌根治术后MMR免疫组织化学结果,分为错配修复缺陷组(dMMR)(55例),错配修复基因正常组(pMMR)(70例),并按MMR状态和NLR高...     

Liver metastasis in gastric cancer with particular reference to lymphatic advancement

BACKGROUND: We have previously reported that, in models of mesenteric lymph vessel obstruction in rats, we observed lymphaticovenous communication. This suggested that cancer cells metastasized to the liver by a lymphatic route. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between liver metastasis and lymphatic involvement in gastric carcinoma by examining resected specimens. METHODS: Twenty gastric cancer patients who had synchronous liver metastasis and 17 who developed metachronous liver metastasis after gastrectomy, performed between 1985 and 1997, were included in this study. They were compared with 44 advanced gastric cancer patients who had neither synchronous nor subsequent liver metastasis, and who survived with a disease-free course for more than 5 years. We compared the patients' clinicopathological features; in particular, we investigated extranodal invasion in the resected lymph nodes. This invasion was classified according to the pattern of extranodal cancer invasion, with or without rupture of the lymph node capsule. RESULTS: Liver metastasis was more frequent in patients with extranodal invasion than in those without extranodal invasion (P < 0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed that the correlation between extranodal invasion and liver metastasis was significant (P < 0.024); the odds ratio was 4.412. Metastasis to the lymph nodes was the next most significant risk for liver metastasis. CONCLUSION: We consider that the lymphatic system is closely related to the establishment of liver metastasis; in particular, extranodal invasion is a significant risk factor for liver metastasis in patients with gastric cancer.     

Effectiveness of hepatic resection for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients: subgroup analysis according to Milan criteria

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the long-term post-resection outcomes for cirrhotic patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: A total of 217 < or = 65-year-old cirrhotic patients who underwent hepatic resection were divided into four groups in accordance with the Milan criteria: Group 1, those who met the Milan criteria (n = 130); Group 2A, those with a solitary tumor > 5 cm in size (n = 12); Group 2B, those with 2 or 3 tumors > 3 cm in size (n = 35); and Group 2C, those with > or = 4 tumors (n = 33). Overall and recurrence-free survival were compared between the groups. RESULTS: At 1, 3, 5 and 10 years, overall survival rates were 91, 67, 45 and 12%, and recurrence-free survival rates were 62, 26, 16 and 0%, respectively. Independent prognostic factors for overall survival were age, blood transfusion, tumor number, tumor size and microscopic vascular invasion; and for recurrence they were hepatitis C infection, tumor number, tumor size, microscopic vascular invasion and histological tumor grade. Group 1 patients had significantly better survival (5-year survival rate, 56%) than those of other groups (5-year survival rate, around 30%). The median tumor-free survival time was significantly shorter in Groups 2B and 2C (0.7 years and 0.6 years, respectively) than in Groups 1 and 2A. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic resection can confer a considerable overall survival benefit for cirrhotic patients with HCC who meet the Milan criteria. For patients with HCC who do not meet the criteria, however, hepatic resection has limited efficacy. We suggest that application of non-surgical therapy or expansion of the indications for liver transplantation may be warranted for such patient subsets.     

Differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: Major changes in the American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition cancer staging manual

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE This is a review of the major changes in the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging manual, eighth edition, for differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. All patients younger than 55 years have stage I disease unless they have distant metastases, in which case, their disease is stage II. In patients aged 55 years or older, the presence of distant metastases confers stage IVB, while cases without distant metastases are further categorized based on the presence/absence of gross extrathyroidal extension, tumor size, and lymph node status. Patients aged 55 years or older whose tumor measures 4 cm or smaller (T1‐T2) and is confined to the thyroid (N0, NX) have stage I disease, and those whose tumor measures greater than 4 cm and is confined to the thyroid (T3a) have stage II disease regardless of lymph node status. Patients aged 55 years or older whose tumor is confined to the thyroid and measures 4 cm or smaller (T1‐T2) with any lymph node metastases present (N1a or N1b) have stage II disease. In patients who demonstrate gross extrathyroidal extension, the disease is considered stage II if only the strap muscles are grossly invaded (T3b); stage III if there is gross invasion of the subcutaneous tissue, larynx, trachea, esophagus, or recurrent laryngeal nerve (T4a); or stage IVA if there is gross invasion of the prevertebral fascia or tumor encasing the carotid artery or internal jugular vein (T4b). The same T definitions will be used for both differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancer, but the basic premise of the anatomic stage groups will remain the same. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:55‐63. © 2017 American Cancer Society.     

Hepatitis viral status affects the pattern of intrahepatic recurrence after resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.

AIM: To define whether the patterns of intrahepatic recurrence after resection for hepatocellular carcinoma differ according to hepatitis viral status. METHODS: One hundred and eleven patients undergoing a curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma were divided into three groups: the C-viral group (n=55), which tested positive for hepatitis C antibody; the B-viral group (n=32), which tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen; and the non-B non-C (NBNC) group (n=24), which tested negative for both hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C antibody. The long-term outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS:The pattern of development of intrahepatic recurrence differed between the NBNC group and the other groups: the cumulative probability of intrahepatic recurrence reached a plateau at 2.4 years after resection in the NBNC group, while it continued to increase steadily in the hepatitis viral groups. The C-viral group showed a higher incidence of intrahepatic recurrence than the other groups by univariate (P=0.0306) and multivariate (relative risk=1.69, P=0.0429) analyses. Multiple intrahepatic recurrent lesions were more common in the C-viral group (P=0.0457). CONCLUSIONS: Multicentric carcinogenesis in the remnant liver was less common in the NBNC group than in hepatitis viral groups. Hepatitis C virus infection is a significant risk factor for intrahepatic recurrence after resection and is also associated with multiple intrahepatic recurrent lesions.     

氟比洛芬酯在甲状腺癌根治术中超前镇痛的疗效观察

目的:观察氟比洛芬酯在甲状腺癌根治术中超前镇痛的有效性。方法:40例患者随机分成A、B两组,每组20例,均采用气管内插管全身麻醉。A组为试验组,在气管插管完成后,手术开始前静脉推注氟比洛芬酯100mg,B组为对照组于手术结束时静脉推注氟比洛芬酯100 mg。两组均未使用术后自控镇痛。分别于手术后0.5h、4h、8h、12h以及24h采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)进行疼痛评分,并观察有关不良反应。结果:A组在术后24h的疼痛评分明显低于B组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应的发生率无显著差异。结论:氟比洛芬酯于甲状腺癌根治术术前使用能有效减轻术后疼痛。     

Serum Sialyl Lewis x and cytokeratin 19 fragment as predictive factors for recurrence in patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer

This study aimed to establish the clinical significance of preoperative serum cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) and Sialyl Lewis(x) (SLX) in patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The study involved 137 patients (87 male, 50 female; median age 69 years) with completely resected stage I NSCLC. SLX, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), and CYFRA21-1 were examined. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to determine prognostic cut-off values. Among the 137 patients, we identified 30 with recurrence within 3 years. The 5-year survival rates in patients with (n=30) and without (n=107) recurrence were 14% and 81%, respectively. The serum concentrations of SLX, CEA, and CYFRA21-1 in the recurrence group were significantly higher than those in the non-recurrence group. The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) were 0.72, 0.65, 0.53, and 0.64 for SLX, CEA, SCC, and CYFRA21-1, respectively. The prognostic cut-off values were 36U/ml, 7.8ng/ml, 1.5ng/ml, and 3.2ng/ml for SLX, CEA, SCC, and CYFRA21-1, respectively. A log-rank test revealed that age, performance status, T factor, lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion, SLX, CEA, SCC, and CYFRA21-1 were all significantly associated with survival. By multivariate analysis, age, performance status, lymphatic invasion, SLX (risk ratio, 4.11) and CYFRA21-1 (risk ratio, 3.47) were independent prognostic factors. For patients positive for both CYFRA21-1 and SLX, the relative risk was 5.32 compared with patients who were negative for both markers. The 5-year survival rates were 80% in the group negative for both markers (n=86); 52% in the group positive for one of the markers (n=43); and 13% for the group positive for both markers (n=8) (p<0.001). We concluded that serum SLX and CYFRA21-1 were prognostic markers for stage I NSCLC. Their combination should contribute to the classification of stage I NSCLC patients. There is a need to consider adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapies to improve prognosis in patients positive for both tumor markers.