Using the Revised Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans (ARSMA-II) with Older Adults

Projections for the year 2030 show that Latinos are expected to make the largest population increase. Cultural values create expectation levels about what will happen to the elderly. Acculturation is a concept that has been studied extensively, yet the relationship between age and acculturation has not been a focus of study. The present study has proposed an alternate way of scoring the ARSMA-II based on receiver operating characteristics. Specifically, this approach looks at participants' responses to two individual items to determine the level of acculturation of the older adults. It is a quicker method and one that could save healthcare providers a great deal of time as well as help them better understand their clients' level of acculturation; thus, being able to provide the appropriate educational materials.     

International versions of the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS)

Background  

Symptom scales for aging women have clinically been used for years and the interest in measuring health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has increased in recent years. The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) is a formally validated scale according to the requirements for quality of life instruments. The aim of this paper is to review the current state of the instrument particularly concerning versions of the scale in different languages.     

The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) scale: A methodological review

Background  

This paper compiles data from different sources to get a first comprehensive picture of psychometric and other methodological characteristics of the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) scale. The scale was designed and standardized as a self-administered scale to (a) to assess symptoms/complaints of aging women under different conditions, (b) to evaluate the severity of symptoms over time, and (c) to measure changes pre- and postmenopause replacement therapy. The scale became widespread used (available in 10 languages).     

自杀危险性评定量表的初步编制

目的编制一个适用于临床个体和一般群体的自杀危险性评定量表(SRRS)。方法在借鉴国内外相关测量工具和参考文献的基础上,依据一定的理论构想筛选和增加有关项目,初步形成自杀危险性评定量表,并在457名大学生和62名临床抑郁症患者中进行测试。结果量表的内部一致性系数为0.77,P﹤0.01;分半信度为0.66,P﹤0.01;重测信度为0.75,P﹤0.01;通过探索性因子分析(特征值﹥1,正交旋转)提取4个因子,分别命名为负性情绪、认知僵化、自杀态度和自杀动机,4个因子的累计方差贡献率为71.98%,所有项目的因子载荷均在0.3以上;效标关联效度理想。结论自杀危险性评定量表具有较好的信效度,可以作为临床个体和一般群体自杀风险评估的测量工具。     

绝经综合征评定量表的信度、效度、反应度研究

目的 评价绝经综合征评定量表的可行性、信度、效度和反应度.方法 采用横断面调查,以方便抽样方法抽取绝经综合征患者和更年期非绝经综合征人群,调查绝经综合征评定量表、Kupperman Index、WHO牛存质量量表简表、更年期生存质景量表.反应度研究采用自身前后对照,纳入绝经综合征患者经中药治疗12周,治疗前后采用绝经综合征评定量表进行评价.结果在8家医院共进行3343有效人次的流行病学调查.该量表的回收率为100%,完成率为99.7%,完成时间平均为10.30 rain.绝经综合征评定量表及躯体维度、心理维度、社会维度的克朗巴赫(Cronbach's)a系数分别为0.93、0.87、0.89、0.73;分半信度分别为0.92、0.89、0.86、0.73;重测信度分别为0.88、0.91、0.85、0.77.绝经综合征评定量表编制根据绝经综合征疾病特点和内涵,经历了严格的步骤,量表适宜绝经综合征患者理解和填写,代表性好,具有良好的内容效度.探索性因子分析提取公因子结构与理论构想较吻合,结构效度良好.绝经综合征评定量表同KI、WHOQOL-BREF、MENQOL之间存在良好关联,效标效度较理想.量表能够区分不同绝经综合征患者和更年期正常人群,具有较好的区分效度.采用中药治疗174名绝经综合征患者,量表能反映出治疗前后的变化,具有反应度.结论绝经综合征评定量表具有较好的可行性、信度、效度和反应度,可以应用于绝经综合征的临床疗效评价.     

The measurement properties of the Occupational Circumstances Interview and Rating Scale - Sweden (OCAIRS-S V2)

Abstract

Aim: This paper reports the measurement properties of the Occupational Circumstances Assessment Interview and Rating Scale - Sweden (OCAIRS-S V2). The OCAIRS is a semi-structured interview and rating scale designed to capture, in detail, a person's occupational participation. The English version 4.0 has been translated into Swedish. The psychometric properties of the Swedish version are unknown. Methods: Eleven Swedish occupational therapists working in mental health completed 38 OCAIRS-S (V2) assessments in addition to linking videotapes. A total of 60 clients were, therefore, entered into the analysis. Many-faceted Rasch analysis was used to analyse the data. Results and conclusions: Results supported internal, construct, and person response validity of the OCAIRS-S (V2). Inter-rater reliability was established. The scale was shown to discriminate between people who were living in the community. In addition, the results indicate a need to explore the skill items.     

Genetic Analyses Benefit From Using Less Heterogeneous Phenotypes: An Illustration With the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)

Phenotypic heterogeneity of depression has been cited as one of the causes of the limited success to detect genetic variants in genome‐wide studies. The 7‐item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS‐D) was developed to detect depression in individuals with physical health problems. An initial psychometric analysis showed that a short version (“HADS‐4”) is less heterogeneous and hence more reliable than the full scale, and correlates equally strong with a DSM‐oriented depression scale. We compared the HADS‐D and the HADS‐4 to assess the benefits of using less heterogeneous phenotype measures in genetic analyses. We compared HADS‐D and HADS‐4 in three separate analyses: (1) twin‐ and family‐based heritability estimation, (2) SNP‐based heritability estimation using the software GCTA, and (3) a genome‐wide association study (GWAS). The twin study resulted in heritability estimates between 18% and 25%, with additive genetic variance being the largest component. There was also evidence for assortative mating and a dominance component of genetic variance, with HADS‐4 having slightly lower estimates of assortment. Importantly, when estimating heritability from SNPs, the HADS‐D did not show a significant genetic variance component, while for the HADS‐4, a statistically significant amount of heritability was estimated. Moreover, the HADS‐4 had substantially more SNPs with small P‐values in the GWAS analysis than did the HADS‐D. Our results underline the benefits of using more homogeneous phenotypes in psychiatric genetic analyses. Homogeneity can be increased by focusing on core symptoms of disorders, thus reducing the noise in aggregate phenotypes caused by substantially different symptom profiles.     

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS): translation and validation study of the Iranian version

Background  

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a widely used instrument to measure psychological morbidity in cancer patients. This study aimed to translate and test the reliability and validity of the Iranian version of the HADS.     

Adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the Patient-Oriented Prostate Utility Scale (PORPUS)

Objective

The Patient-Oriented Prostate Utility Scale (PORPUS) is a combined profile and utility-based quality of life measure for prostate cancer patients. Our objectives were to adapt the PORPUS into Spanish and to assess its acceptability, reliability, and validity.

Methods

The PORPUS was adapted into Spanish using forward and back translations and cognitive debriefing. PORPUS was administered jointly with the SF-36 and the Expanded Prostate Index Composite (EPIC) to 480 Spanish prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy. The Spanish PORPUS scores’ distribution and reliability were examined and compared with the original instrument. To evaluate construct validity, relationships were assessed between PORPUS and other instruments (testing hypotheses of the original PORPUS study), and among known groups defined by side effect severity.

Results

Reliability coefficient was 0.76 (similar to the original PORPUS’ 0.81). Spanish PORPUS items presented correlations ranging 0.57–0.88 with the corresponding EPIC domains, as in the original PORPUS study (0.60–0.83). Both PORPUS-P and PORPUS-U showed significant differences and large effect sizes (0.94–1.90) when comparing severe versus no problem groups on urinary, bowel, sexual and hormonal side effects defined by EPIC.

Conclusions

A conceptually equivalent Spanish version was obtained, with high reliability and good construct validity, similar to the original Canadian PORPUS version. It can therefore be used to measure health-related quality of life and utilities in Spanish prostate cancer patients.     

学习障碍儿筛检测试的应用研究

目的：为在我国开展学习障碍的研究提供筛查工具,对日本PRS在江苏省进行标准化研究。方法：采用PRS测试江苏省12市城乡5～15岁普通学校中小学生和幼儿园儿童6676名,进行标准化研究。结果：PRS项目测试具有较高的可靠性,言语性以及非言语性领域Cronbach’sa系数均大于093,全项目则达到096;因子分析则间接提示本次测试的有效性;各项目得分比日本样本更接近正态分布,各项目以及各领域得分均略高于日本。作为筛查学习障碍界值是合适的。结论：PRS在江苏省可用于筛俭学习能力障碍,需进一步加强应用研究。     

Assessing antipsychotic effectiveness in dementia with the factor structure of the Psychogeriatric Dependency Rating Scale (PGDRS)

OBJECTIVE: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) impact patient functioning, caregiver burden, and transition to structured living environments. The purpose of this study was to use the derived factor structure of the Psychogeriatric Dependency Rating Scale (PGDRS) to retrospectively assess short-term antipsychotic effectiveness. SETTING AND MEASUREMENT: A principal components factor analysis was conducted with PGDRS admission ratings for a large national sample of hospitalized dementia patients (N = 2747). Changes in calculated factor scores (admission to discharge) were used to compare effectiveness for a subset of patients treated with one of three antipsychotic agents: haloperidol, olanzapine, or risperidone. RESULTS: A four-factor solution accounted for almost 60% of rating variance. Factors were interpreted as disruptive overactivity, thought/communication disorder, interpersonal aggressiveness, and destructiveness. Medication effects (adjusting for group differences) were found for only the Interpersonal Aggressiveness factor. Improvement in this factor score was significantly greater in the olanzapine group. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that these four PGDRS factors can provide a useful framework for symptom assessment and for targeted treatment.     

学习障碍筛查量表的修订与评价

目的 对国外“学习障碍筛查量表(PRS)”进行了翻译和修订,旨在为我国学习障碍儿童的筛查提供简便的工具.方法 对原量表进行了翻译修改,并对不同版本作了项目检验,以整群抽样方式测评了1047名小学生,其后进行了信度和效度检验.结果 该量表各项目得分呈常态,与原量表结构相符,其信度和效度在可接受范围内.因素分析后从量表中抽出三个主因素,即言语因素、操作因素和社会适应因素,其权重项目数同于原版量表.广州市区学习障碍儿童筛出率为8.3%,男高于女.结论　PRS量表过价较理想,适于国内团体测评,适于筛查和教育评价使用.     

基于行为锚定评价法的考核指标体系构建与实践

目的 探索运用行为锚定评价法,设计各类人员考核指标体系.方法 采用行为锚定评价法,将各类人员的绩效优异行为作为标杆,进行要素评价,设计量表,建立各类人员考核指标体系并实施.结果 利用行为锚定评价法设计的绩效考核指标体系易被考核者理解和接受,有利于被考核者改进工作行为,激励各级管理人员改进管理方法,增强了绩效考核的可操作性.     

Validation of Child Behavior Rating Scale in Singapore (Part 2): Convergent and Discriminant Validity

Background/Objective

In a previous study, the Child Behavior Rating Scales (CBRSs) were found to assess interpersonal social skills (IPS) and learning-related social skills (LRSS) in young Singaporean children. This study aimed to evaluate the convergent validity of the IPS scale within the CBRS and the discriminant validity of the LRSS scale within the CBRS with a dynamic occupational therapist assessment, the Evaluation of Social Interaction (ESI).

Methods

Teachers of 117 Singaporean children completed the CBRS. An occupational therapist assessed these children using the naturalistic observational tool ESI. The Rasch-derived scores from the two CBRS scales were correlated with the ESI scores.

Results

The IPS scale within the CBRS demonstrated moderate correlation with ESI, indicating convergent validity. The LRSS scale within the CBRS demonstrated low correlation with ESI, indicating discriminant validity.

Conclusion

This study provides additional validity evidence for the two newly identified CBRS scales. Results of this study suggest the potential of these scales for use by occupational therapists to measure different types of young children’s social skills.     

核与辐射心理效应量表信度和校度检验

目的 对核与辐射心理效应量表(NRPES)的信度和校度进行初步评价。方法 对352名官兵进行NRPES、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)测查,评定NRPES的信度和校度。随机选取80人进行评定间隔10d的NRPES的重测信度。结果 NRPES的重测信度为0.756,Cronbach a系数为0.698。合并主成分分析生成8个因子中的因子6和8的项目,NRPES具有与设计相符的结构。7个因子与NRPES相关系数为0.569~0.878。NRPES及其因子x1、x2和x3与SDS和SAS具有较强的相关性,相关系数大于0.5。结论 NRPES具有较好的信度和校度。