Travel medicine

The risk of the health join to travel are briefly presented. The following factors are mentioned: travel by fly, climate, expose for diseases. The most often pathogens are considered: bacteria, viruses, parasites, and some imported diseases and their vectors. The crucial importance of the stress and conditions of travel is underlined. It has been suggested some procedures which can protect before the risk of travel.     

旅行伤害与安全教育

旅行伤害威胁着旅行者的健康和生命,旅行相关伤害及其预防已成为一个公共卫生问题.伤害不仅是可以预防和控制,而且旅行安全教育是预防伤害投资少、收益大的行之有效的方法之一.现就旅行安全教育的内容、方法阐述如下.     

Medico-social rehabilitation from the standpoint of insurance medicine]

A discussion is provided of issues related to the determination of priorities in the field of rehabilitation . It is indicated that under present conditions the disability due to occupational diseases is a major socio-hygienic problem causing great socio-economic losses to the national economy. While analysing the impact of regional features in the development of public health and its specialized services on the level of medico-social rehabilitation of disabled persons it was found that there is no correlation between the phenomena studied. This situation can be explained by the absence of specialized rehabilitation service. It is suggested to create a network of cost-accounting medicosocial rehabilitation centres based on insurance medicine, their cost-effectiveness is demonstrated.     

对医疗保险药品管理的思考

医疗保障制度的改革要对医药事业的迅猛发展和药品使用的现状作出适应性的选择。本文对几种医疗体制中的药品管理进行分析后,指出减少医疗保险对药品费用支付的必要性和可能性,提出对医疗保险用药实行分类管理(处方类、非处方类;维持生命体征类、抗菌类、其他类)同种限价、同病分期、处方定量定额的偿付办法。     

Politics and medicine: The case of Israeli national health insurance

The paper focuses on the attempts to introduce a national health insurance system in Israel. So far all these attempts advanced through six public committees and various legislative initiatives have been futile. The major actors involved in the process of NHI formulation are (a) the sick funds, the largest of which (KH) nearly monopolizes the health services; (b) political parties which are affiliated with the sick funds; (c) the Israeli medical association. The labor oriented parties and sick funds aimed for the introduction of an NHI system which would strengthen KH and preserve its autonomy. The right wing parties and sick fund advocated nationalization of the NHI. The IMA took a mid-way position not identifying with either of the parties. By allying with a small coalition party it was effective in impeding the legislative process that was initiated by the Labor Party. The vigorous opposition of KH has hindered the adoption of the Likud's version of the NHI. Hence, the issue, torn between conflicting parties, reached a stalemate which is not likely to be resolved in the near future.     

参保精神分裂症患者住院费用及影响因素分析

目的 了解天津市参保精神分裂症患者住院费用构成及其影响因素,为控制住院费用提供参考依据。方法从天津市2003-2007年参保住院患者资料库中随机抽取精神分裂症患者18 182例,对其住院费用情况进行回顾性分析。结果 天津市2003-2007年参保精神分裂症患者人均住院费用为(3 014.59±745.31)元;其中一级医院为(1 986.94±538.79)元;二级医院为(2 181.92±503.85)元;三级医院为(3 861.22±738.29)元;参保精神分裂症患者的住院费用中床位费、药品费、检查费、治疗费、材料费和其他费用依次占15.41%、5.04%、22.60%、52.37%、0.27%和4.31%。多元线性回归分析结果表明,年龄大、医院级别高、住院天数多、治疗费和材料费比重大,精神分裂症患者住院费用越高;曾住院次数多的患者住院费用越低。结论 年龄、医院级别、住院天数、曾住院次数、治疗费和材料费比重是天津市参保精神分裂症患者住院费用的主要影响因素。     

Premium growth and its effect on employer-sponsored insurance

We use variation in premium inflation and general inflation across geographic areas to identify the effects of downward nominal wage rigidity on employers’ health insurance decisions. Using employer level data from the 2000 to 2005 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, we examine the effect of premium growth on the likelihood that an employer offers insurance, eligibility rates among employees, continuous measures of employee premium contributions for both single and family coverage, and deductibles. We find that small, low-wage employers are less likely to offer health insurance in response to increased premium inflation, and if they do offer coverage they increase employee contributions and deductible levels. In contrast, larger, low-wage employers maintain their offers of coverage, but reduce eligibility for such coverage. They also increase employee contributions for single and family coverage, but not deductibles. Among high-wage employers, all but the largest increase deductibles in response to cost pressures.     

Life insurance and its effect on estate taxation

Estate tax laws are subject to constant changes and revisions. Fortunately for most physicians, this ultimate liability has been drastically reduced, but it also has become much more complex. The key is to plan proactively with an understanding of the most current estate tax savings strategies.     

Health institutions under new economic mechanism and the development of insurance medicine

A new economic mechanism provides for independence of health units, their financial independence and the possibility of developing specialized health care for the population of the territorial health complex. The necessity of preserving large health units within the newly developed regional public health infrastructure is stressed.     

参加医疗保险卵巢癌患者住院费用及影响因素

目的 了解天津市参加城镇职工基本医疗保险的卵巢癌患者住院费用构成及其影响因素,为控制医疗费用的不合理增长提供参考依据。方法 从天津市2003-2007年参保住院患者资料库中抽取卵巢癌患者1 635例,对其住院费用情况进行回顾性分析。结果 天津市2003-2007年参保卵巢癌患者住院总费用为20 035 629.53元,人均住院费用中位数为9 824.59元;卵巢癌患者住院费用中药品费、检查费、治疗费、手术费、床位费、材料费、输血费、成分输血费和其他费用分别占72.35%、13.53%、5.88%、3.37%、3.22%、0.35%、0.39%、0.48%和0.43%。多元线性回归分析结果表明,药品费和检查费比重越大、住院天数越多、医院级别越高,参保卵巢癌患者住院费用越高。结论 住院天数、医院级别、药品费比重和检查费比重是参保卵巢癌患者住院费用的主要影响因素。     

参保白内障患者住院费用及影响因素分析

目的了解天津市参保白内障患者住院费用构成及其影响因素,为控制医疗费用的不合理增长提供参考依据。方法从天津市2003-2007年参保住院患者资料库中抽取白内障患者5 030例,对其住院费用情况进行回顾性分析。结果天津市2003-2007年参保白内障患者人均住院费用中位数为6 166.29元;其中一级医院为4 966.46元;二级医院为6 038.54元;三级医院为6 362.79元;参保白内障患者的住院费用中,材料费、手术费、检查费、药品费、治疗费、床位费和其他费用依次占44.03%,37.58%,7.89%,4.82%,2.67%,2.20%和0.81%;多元线性回归分析结果表明,材料费、手术费和药品费比重越大、住院天数越多、医院级别越高,白内障患者住院费用越高。结论材料费比重、住院天数、手术费比重、药品费比重和医院级别是天津市参保白内障患者住院费用的主要影响因素。