自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层影像分型与CT诊断

目的 探讨自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层(SISMAD)不同影像学类型CT表现及CT在SISMAD诊断与鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 回顾分析12例经手术和/或DSA和/或典型CT表现SISMAD病例临床及CT资料,结合CT增强及图像重建分析不同类型SISMAD的CT表现及受累范围,本组采用Sakamoto分型.结果 12例中SakamotoⅠ型4例,内膜片存在近远2处破口,即入口与出口,假腔内有血流.Ⅱ型1例,内膜片仅有1个破口,假腔内没有血栓时对比剂充满假腔,而假腔内形成血栓时,对比剂在破口处呈杵状充盈.Ⅲ型2例,假腔内形成血栓,内膜片存在1个或多个溃疡样破口,对比剂在破口处呈结节样充盈.Ⅳ型5例,内膜片没有破口,假腔内形成血肿,即壁内血肿,假腔内没有对比剂充盈.12例的内膜破口、假腔或壁内血肿均位于肠系膜上动脉(SMA)腹侧壁,多数累及SMA主干及分支.图像重建能更直观显示真假腔及破口等.结论 CT增强结合图像重建能提高SISMAD的检出率,并能作出准确诊断及影像分型.     

自发性肠系膜上动脉夹层MSCTA诊断

目的通过分析自发性肠系膜上动脉夹层病例资料,提高对该疾病的认识。方法应用MSCT对5例急症患者进行平扫描和增强扫描,结束后将图像传输至工作站后处理,应用容积再现(VR)、曲面重建(CPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)等方法观察血管情况。结果 5例患者在重建图像上均清晰显示出肠系膜上动脉及其分支。轴位示肠系膜上动脉内真假腔影,并能清晰显示低密度的内膜瓣,与主动脉夹层的真假腔相类似。CPR及MPR上可显示条形低密度充盈缺损影,亦可清楚显示内膜瓣。VR图像可以显示双腔改变。MIP图像与VR图像相似。5例均仅显示1处破裂口,而非像主动脉夹层显示两处或多处破裂口。其中1例病例远端肠系膜上动脉栓塞,并合并肝总动脉动脉瘤,1例病例近端、远端肠系膜上动脉栓塞,1例合并右肾动脉分支夹层。结论 MSCTA可早期诊断自发性肠系膜上动脉夹层。     

原发性肠系膜上动脉夹层的CT诊断

目的：探讨原发性肠系膜上动脉夹层（PDSMA）的CT表现。方法：回顾性分析资料完整的17例PDSMA患者的CT表现。10例行CTA,7例行全腹部CT平扫加双期增强扫描。由2位经验丰富的腹部专业医师单独阅片,分析病变部位及CT表现,并对瘤体的4个径线进行测量。结果：①17例增强扫描均见明显的真假双腔（17／17）。②15例显示内膜辫征（15／17）。③13例假腔内显示血栓征（13／17）,其中2例假腔完全血栓化。④14例显示内膜破口（14／17）;7例显示假腔出口（7／17）。⑤9例显示肠管缺血征（9／17）。⑥瘤体近端距腹主动脉距离0．5～5．5cm,平均2．1cm。破口距腹主动脉距离1．6～5．6cm,平均2．6cm。瘤腔长度1．5～5．4cm,平均3．5cm。瘤腔宽度0．4～1．2cm,平均0．7cm。结论：CT能准确诊断PDSMA及相应肠管的血供情况,为临床治疗和追踪随访提供有力依据。     

MSCT在自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层诊断中的应用

目的 探讨自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层（SISMAD）的多层螺旋CT平扫与CT血管成像（CTA）征象在诊断及分型中的价值。 方法 回顾性分析21例SISMAD病人的影像资料,观察CT平扫中肠系膜上动脉管径、密度、邻近结构及CTA中肠系膜上动脉的管腔影像,并根据Yoo分型法进行分型。 结果 SISMAD的CT平扫主要表现为肠系膜上动脉管腔内密度增高（20/21例,95%）,可伴有管径增粗（19/21例,90.5%）,大部分伴有周围脂肪密度增高（15/21例,71.4%）,仅1例（4.8%）出现肠壁增厚及肠腔积液。根据Yoo分型法对CTA表现进行分型,Ⅰ型3例（均为Ⅰ-S亚型）、Ⅱ型6例（包括Ⅱ-S亚型3例）、Ⅲ型5例（包括Ⅲ-S亚型1例）、Ⅳ型7例（包括Ⅳ-S亚型2例）。11例显示真假两腔,10例假腔内为血栓充填,1例假腔呈瘤样扩张,7例可见溃疡,9例真腔狭窄率>80%,6例累及分支血管。1例受累空肠动脉供血肠管管壁增厚并呈高灌注表现。 结论 CT平扫对SISMAD的诊断具有重要提示意义,根据Yoo分型法对CTA表现进行分型更有利于临床治疗方案的选择。     

MSCTA在肠系膜上动脉夹层中的应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)在肠系膜上动脉夹层(SMAD)中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析13例SMAD的MSCT、CTA表现,采用平面重组(MPR)、曲面重建(CPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、容积再现(VR)重建图像,分析其影像特征。结果 MSCTA结合多种重建图像分辨真腔及假腔11例;清晰显示肠系膜上动脉(SMA)内膜片形成10例,破裂口均位于SMA近心端。Yun分型:Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱa型6例,Ⅱb型4例,Ⅲ型1例。结论 MSCTA能早期诊断SMAD,对及时采取临床治疗具有重要的意义。     

肠系膜上动脉夹层的MSCT血管成像

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)在诊断肠系膜上动脉夹层(SMAD)中的价值.方法:回顾性分析我院临床漏诊、经CTA诊断为SMAD后经手术或DSA证实的16例患者的临床及CT影像资料.所有患者均行MSC-TA检查,并采用MPR、CPR、MIP和VR技术进行图像后处理.总结SMAD的CTA特征表现,分析临床漏诊的原因.结果:SMAD主要CT表现:16例患者均可见SMA为双腔结构,可见内膜片,其中7例患者假腔内可见新月形充盈缺损.CT横轴面和三维重组图像能清楚显示11例患者肠系膜上动脉夹层的范围和程度.SMAD患者的主要临床表现是急性或慢性腹痛、以中上腹为主,无特异性,临床医师未认识到MSCTA诊断SMAD的价值是导致漏诊或误诊的原因.结论:MSCTA能提供评估肠系膜上动脉夹层的可靠信息,临床医师和影像医师应该认识其价值,重视对肠系膜上动脉夹层的观察.     

自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层治疗进展

自发性孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层(SISMAD)临床罕见,发病机制尚不清楚,治疗方案包括保守治疗、腔内血管重建术及手术治疗,三者各有利弊、互为补充,但尚未达成共识。介入科医师应当充分根据患者的临床症状、体征及影像学资料为患者制订合理的治疗策略,改善患者的预后。     

Isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery

Isolated spontaneous dissection of the superior mesenteric artery is uncommon. We report a case complicated by arterial rupture and discuss diagnostic imaging work-up. Diagnosis is usually made by conventional arteriography. But, dissection can also be diagnosed noninvasively by computed tomography angiography and ultrasound.     

Imaging appearances and management of isolated spontaneous dissection of the superior mesenteric artery

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to report the clinical and imaging features of isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and describe our imaging classification of this disease entity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed clinical presentation, imaging appearances and outcome of the 12 patients who were diagnosed as having spontaneous dissection of the SMA from 1991 to 2005 in our institution or its affiliated two hospitals. There were 11 males and 1 female with a mean age of 50 years (range, 43-61 years). The diagnosis of isolated dissection was established with CT within 24h of the onset. RESULTS: We categorized SMA dissection into the following four types based on imaging appearances: type I, patent false lumen with both entry and re-entry (four patients), type II, 'cul-de-sac' shaped false lumen without re-entry (one patient), type III, thrombosed false lumen with ulcer like projection (ULP), which is defined as a localized blood-filled pouch protruding from the true lumen into the thrombosed false lumen (five patients) and type IV, completely thrombosed false lumen without ULP (two patients). One patient with type II underwent urgent surgery because of small bowel ischemia. One patient with type III underwent urgent embolotherapy for the treatment of rupture of a branch of the SMA. The remaining 10 patients were initially managed conservatively. In one of the conservatively treated patient, ULP had progressively dilated, and it was treated with stent placement and coil packing 22 months after the onset. The remaining nine patients were conservatively managed without any event during the follow-up period of 7-72 months. CONCLUSION: Most of the patients with isolated SMA dissection can initially be managed conservatively if there are no clinical and imaging signs indicating ruptured SMA branches or bowel ischemia.     

Value of endovascular stent placement for symptomatic spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection

Objective

To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of endovascular stent placement for the treatment of symptomatic spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection.

Materials and methods

This retrospective study was undertaken in 12 consecutive patients who suffered from symptomatic spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection. Seven patients with severe clinical symptoms underwent endovascular stent placement as a primary treatment and the other 5 patients received conservative treatment. The technical results, complications and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Follow-up was performed with computed tomographic angiography.

Results

Primary endovascular stent placement was successfully performed in 7 patients with severe clinical symptoms. Successful conservative treatment was achieved in 3 patients. Endovascular stent placement was additionally performed in 2 patients with unsuccessful conservative treatment. A stent was misplaced in the false lumen in one of those two patients due to a severely stenotic true lumen. The fasting time and length of stay were significantly shorter in patients with successful endovascular therapy (median: 3 days and 5.5 days) than in those conducted conservatively (median: 9 days and 14 days) (p < 0.05). During the follow-up period (median, 21 months; range, 10–36 months), 1 patient with endovascular stent placement had recurrent abdominal pain because of the wall adherent thrombus in the proximal segment of the superior mesenteric artery during the first follow-up month. No thrombosis or stenosis was found in the lumina of the stents.

Conclusion

Endovascular stent placement is a safe and feasible therapeutic approach for symptomatic spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection with immediate success and satisfactory outcomes.     

孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层的治疗策略

目的:探讨孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层的诊断与治疗策略.方法:分析2010年7月-2014年7月收治于武汉协和医院的19例ISMAD患者资料;13例患者拟行介入治疗,其中1例因术中无法成功置入支架而转行保守治疗,余12例成功完成介入手术(手术方式各异);共7例患者行药物保守治疗.结果:2例支架植入配合弹簧圈填塞假腔患者术后复查,肠系膜上动脉通畅,假腔未见显示;3例单纯支架植入患者,其中2例假腔完全闭塞,1例患者假腔接近闭塞;1例仅假腔填塞弹簧圈患者,术后复查弹簧圈未填塞部分假腔仍存在;3例双层裸支架植入患者术后复查,假腔完全闭塞;3例置管溶栓患者,2例复查示肠系膜上动脉通畅、腹痛症状消失,1例患者有间断性腹痛,但程度降低、疼痛间歇期延长;保守治疗的7例患者随访期未见明显腹痛.所有患者均未出现肠坏死等严重并发症.结论:孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层治疗方案与分型关系密切,Yun Ⅰ型、Ⅱb型通过抗凝、抗血小板、扩管等保守治疗通常效果较好;Ⅱa型宜选择介入治疗;Ⅲ型患者如果没有肠坏死征象可以置管溶栓治疗并密切观察,必要时行外科手术.     

Acute mesenteric ischemia caused by spontaneous isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery: treatment by percutaneous stent placement

Spontaneous and isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery is a rare and often fatal event which has been successfully treated by surgery in several reported cases. We present a patient with acute mesenteric ischemia due to superior mesenteric artery dissection who was successfully treated by percutaneous endovascular placement of a Wallstent. Received: 8 November 1999; Revised: 5 May 2000; Accepted: 9 May 2000     

孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层血管腔内治疗

目的 探讨孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层（ISMAD）的DSA表现以及腔内治疗的疗效.方法 4例ISMAD患者,入院后48～96h经过保守治疗后腹痛症状缓解不明显,行肠系膜上动脉造影,后行血管腔内裸支架植入.结果 肠系膜上动脉造影显示肠系膜上动脉真腔变细小,部分对比剂通过破口进入假腔.4例患者共植入6枚裸支架,支架植入后造影显示破口封堵成功,支架腔内血流通畅,假腔消失.术后腹痛症状不同程度缓解,3天后腹痛均消失.结论 DSA是诊断ISMAD可靠的方法;腔内裸支架植入术治疗ISMAD安全、有效.     

孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层1例

患者男,63岁,突发腰背部疼痛1 d.患者晚间在家中休息时,无明显诱因于凌晨2时许突发腰背部不适,酸胀感明显,伴有大汗,无胸闷、气促、胸痛,无腹痛、腹泻,无恶心、呕吐.实验室检查:WBC 8×109 /L,血尿淀粉酶正常,肝、肾功能正常.心电图未见异常.血压128 mmHg/78 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa).体检未发现明显异常.     

MSCTA 评估孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层累及分支血管特征

自发孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层(spontaneous isolated dis-section of superior mesenteric artery,SIDSMA)是一种临床少见的急性血管性病变,随着影像诊断技术尤其是多排螺旋 CT血管成像(multi-slice spiral CT angiography,MSCTA)的应用发展,近几年对该病的研究报道逐渐增多[1-3]。笔者通过回顾性分析27例 SIDSMA 患者 MSCTA 及后处理图像资料,探讨SIDSMA 累及分支血管的 MSCTA 特征,并初步分析其与主干夹层长度、主干夹层最大横径、夹层类型、近端破口位置之间有无关系。