协商解决医疗事故争议的几点体会

在《医疗事故处理条例》(以下简称《条例》)颁布之前，协商解决医疗事故争议一直处于“犹抱琵琶半遮面”的境地，新《条例》颁布之后，这种解决方式正式得到了认可。《条例》颁布1年多来，笔者处理医疗事故争议的实践中，通过此方式圆满处理了医疗事故争议5起，平息了医患矛盾，取得了良好效果，积累了几点体会，现简要介绍如下，以供商榷。     

贯彻实施条例保障医患双方合法权益

国务院于今年4月份颁布的《医疗事故处理条例》(以下简称新条例)，已于9月1日正式生效实施。新条例的出台与实施，是适应我国经济和社会的发展、人民群众法制观念不断增强、医患矛盾日益突出这一新形势的需要。新条例一经出台就倍受社会各界的瞩目，新条例在医疗事故概念界定、患者权利的保护、医疗事故鉴定程序、医疗事故赔偿标准和医疗事故处理程序等方面有了较大的突破。     

对《医疗事故处理条例》的几点认识——学习《医疗事故处理条例》的一点体会

国务院颁布的《医疗事故处理条例》(以下简称《条例》)在吸收、总结原《医疗事故处理办法》(以下简称《办法》)实施十几年以来正反两方面经验教训的基础上 ,对《办法》作了许多重大的修改 :《条例》扩大了医疗事故的主体与范围 ,提出了防范医疗事故的一些重要措施 ,授权医学会独立担纲医疗事故技术鉴定工作 ,赋予了患者更多的权利 ,规定医疗事故民事责任争议可以“私了” ,制定了更为规范的医疗事故的赔偿制度等。《条例》作出的这些新规定必将使医疗事故得以更加科学、客观、公正、公平、合理地解决。认真学习、把握《条例》的这些新规定 ,很好地透视《条例》的立法宗旨与原则 ,必将极大地提高学习、宣传《条例》的主动性与积极性 ,更好地推进《条例》的贯彻执行工作。     

对《医疗事故处理条例》的几点认识--学习《医疗事故处理条例》的一点体会

国务院颁布的《医疗事故处理条例》（以下简称《条例》）在吸收、总结原《医疗事故处理办法》（以下简称《办法》）实施十几年以来正反两方面经验教训的基础上，对《办法》作了许多重大的修改：《条例》扩大了医疗事故的主体与范围，提出了防范医疗事故的一些重要措施，授权医学会独立担纲医疗事故技术鉴定工作，赋予了患者更多的权利，规定医疗事故民事责任争议可以“私了”，制定了更为规范的医疗事故的赔偿制度等。《条例》作出的这些新规定必将使医疗事故得以更加科学、客观、公正、公平、合理的解决。认真学习、把握《条例》的这些新规定，很好地透视《条例》的立法宗旨与原则，必将极大地提高学习、宣传《条例》的主动性与积极性，更好地推进《条例》的贯彻执行工作。     

实施《医疗事故处理条例》值得重视和商榷的问题

国务院颁布的《医疗事故处理条例》于2002年9月1日起开始实施，新条例对医疗机构及医务人员提出了新的要求。文章提出医务人员在实施医疗行为中，应该“按章行医、依法行医、科学行医、以德行医”。同时，从立法的角度，探讨了实施《医疗事故处理条例)时几个值得商榷的问题。     

我国医疗事故处理新旧立法之比较

医疗事故难以避免,各国都纷纷通过理论探讨和立法规范等途径来研究医疗事故,以达到更好地处理医疗事故的目的。我国在处理医疗事故过程中也先后颁布了不少法律、法规,其中最具代表的就是《医疗事故处理办法》和《医疗事故处理条例》,本文通过《医疗事故处理办法》和《医疗事故处理条例》对医疗事故纠纷在处理程序、鉴定体制、赔偿及举证责任四大方面的比较,说明《条例》对《办法》的改进以及本身存在的不足之处,有待在实践中进一步完善。     

深入学习《条例》 强化医工人员的职责

2002年4月4日发布《医疗事故处理条例》(以下简称新《条例》),废止了1987年6月29日发布、已经实施了15年的《医疗事故处理办法》(以下简称原《办法》)。新《条例》在医疗事故处理上的5个新进展熏与原《办法》相比,新《条例》在医疗事故概念界定、医疗事故鉴定程序、患者权利保护、损害赔偿标准和医疗事故处理程序等5个方面,有了新进展。1扩展了医疗事故的外延新《条例》对医疗事故概念作出了新的界定,使医疗事故的外延有了很大扩展。主要表现在:1.1医疗事故概念界定扩大了医疗事故的范围原《办法》第2条规定:“本办法所称的医疗事故,是指在…     

提高护理工作质量防止医疗事故发生

新颁布的《医疗事故处理条例》中增加了保护病人权益的条款 ,对医疗事故技术鉴定工作的程序进行了较大调整 ,加强了病人对医疗服务质量的监督。在医疗市场中 ,顾客就是病人。因此 ,病人的地位始终是最突出和最重要的。护理工作者应该把护理服务质量和病人对护理服务的满意度作为第一目标。为此 ,我们应该采取一系列行之有效的措施 ,努力为病人提供扰质服务 ,提高护理工作质量 ,防止医疗事故发生 ,确保病人治疗安全、有效和满意。1　加强学习 ,转变观念1 1　认真学习《医疗事故处理条例》 ,增强责任感和紧迫感。《医疗事故处理条例》是医疗卫…     

贯彻《医疗事故处理条例》的思考

《医疗事故处理条例》(以下简称《条例》)颁布后,应适应新的形势,积极地科学应对,全面提升医疗服务质量、改善医患关系,使防范和处理医疗事故步入科学的轨道。     

《医疗事故处理条例》对医护人员心理的影响调查

《医疗事故处理条例》颁布至今已2年多。《医疗事故处理条例》明确了医疗事故的概念,在医疗活动中患者的权利,医疗事故的赔偿和法律责任,并明确规定医疗行为的侵权诉讼将由医疗机构承担举证责任,即实行“举证责任倒置”。应该说《医疗事故处理条例》是公开、公平、公正的,她对维护医患双方的合法权益,更好的提高医疗质量起到了很好的积极作用。但《医疗事故处理条例》对医护人员的严厉要求也对医护人员带来了前所未有的压力,影响了他们的心理健康,导致了医护人员产生防卫性诊疗行为、医疗队伍不稳定和影响医学科学发展等的后果。为了医学科…     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.