急性心肌梗死静脉溶栓后补救介入治疗的临床疗效

目的探讨急性心肌梗死静脉溶栓后90min未通补救经皮冠状动脉内介入疗法的安全性和有效性。方法102例AMI患者分别行直接PCI术(38例)和64例接受rtPA(爱通力)或尿激酶静脉溶栓,限定自溶栓开始后90min内仍未再通者立即行补救性PCI,溶栓再通者则行择期冠状动脉造影,选择治疗方案。对以上两种方法的再通率、并发症、一个月后的左室射血分数等临床资料进行分析,对静脉溶栓和90min内补救PCI顺序疗法的安全性,有效性进行评价。结果直接PCI组再通率为94.7%(36/38),静脉溶栓 补救PCI组90min溶栓再通率为31.3%(20/64),补救PCI再通率为95.5%(42/44);直接PCI组2例于支架置入后出现无再流现象,补救PCI组1例出现无复流,静脉溶栓再通到择期介入治疗前无梗死相关血管(IRA)再闭塞;直接PCI组消化道出血1例,补救PCI组2例出现血尿。延迟PCI组1例出现脑出血后死亡。1个月后超声心动图检查结果:直接PCI组平均为58.2%,静脉溶栓未通 补救PCI组57.4%,溶栓再通 延迟PCI组为61.3%(P>0.05)。12h以内再通者LVEF为63.2%,12h以后再通者LVEF为51.3%(P<0.05).结论静脉溶栓失败后补救性PCI是合理有效安全的方法。     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗与静脉溶栓对急性心肌梗死临床疗效的比较

目的为了探讨经皮冠状动介入治疗(PCI)与静脉溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗死(AMI)近远期临床疗效。方法本实验选择首次AMI患者192例,其中103例患者接受静脉溶栓治疗(溶栓组),89例患者接受梗死相关动脉(IRA)直接PCI(PCI组),比较两组之间患者的临床治疗效果。随访一年内心脏事件发生情况。结果溶栓组血管再通率为72.8%,PCI组再通率为97.8%,PCI组高于溶栓组;近期PCI组左心室射血分数(LVEF)高于溶栓组,(65.42±9.38)%和(56.75±10.82)%,P<0.001;溶栓组病死率、梗死后心力衰竭发生率、住院期间补救PCI例数及择期PCI例数高于PCI组。一年后,溶栓组失访12例,PCI组失访8例。两组对比,PCI组LVEF高于溶栓组;再发心绞痛发生率、再梗死率、再次血管再通术例数PCI组均低于溶栓组,且有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论与静脉溶栓比较,直接PCI可明显增加梗死相关血管的再通率,更好地保护心功能,缩短患者的住院时间,改善预后,提高生存率。     

急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗与静脉溶栓后急诊介入治疗的比较研究

目的　探讨联合应用尿激酶静脉溶栓与急诊介入疗法治疗急性心肌梗死 (AMI)的有效性和安全性。方法　 5 2例发病≤ 12h的首次AMI患者随机分为溶栓 +经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)组 (2 6例 )和直接PCI组 (2 6例 ) ,对两组患者介入治疗前梗死相关血管 (IRA)通畅率、介入治疗成功率、出血并发症发生率、住院期间急性缺血事件发生率及出院前左心室功能 (LVEF)进行比较。结果　介入治疗前溶栓 +PCI组IRA通畅率 (6 1 5 %)显著高于直接PCI组 (19 2 %) (P <0 0 5 ) ,两组介入治疗成功率均为 10 0 %,其中TIMIⅢ级血流者分别为 96 2 %和 91 5 %(P >0 0 5 ) ;住院期间两组均无严重出血及急性缺血事件发生 ,出院前经超声心动图测得LVEF在溶栓 +PCI组为 (6 4 3± 5 6 ) %,明显高于直接PCI组 (5 4 8± 4 9) %(P <0 0 1)。结论　尿激酶静脉溶栓联合急诊介入疗法治疗AMI早期再通率高 ,更有利于保护左室功能 ,不增加出血并发症。     

老年急性心肌梗死直接介入治疗与溶栓治疗的临床研究

目的探讨急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)与静脉溶栓治疗对老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的近期疗效。方法 65例≥60岁的ST段抬高的AMI患者,31例接受急诊PCI治疗,34例接受静脉溶栓治疗,比较两种治疗方法对患者的临床近期效果。结果溶栓组梗死相关血管(IRA)再通率为58.8%,直接PCI组IRA再通率为96.8%;6个月时左室射血分数(LVEF)溶栓组为(40.2±6.3)%,直接PCI组为(53.8±6.7)%。出血并发症、住院期间病死率、再发心绞痛和主要心脏事件发生率,溶栓组明显高于直接PCI组。溶栓组平均住院时间为8.5d,PCI组平均住院时间为18.5d。结论对老年AMI患者,急诊PCI治疗更能尽快、及时有效地开通梗死相关动脉,挽救濒死心肌,改善左室功能,降低病死率。     

ST段抬高急性心肌梗死患者血运重建3种方法疗效的对比观察

目的:对比观察静脉溶栓、冠状动脉(冠脉)溶栓加补救/择期经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)、直接PCI对ST段抬高急性心肌梗死(STEMI)患者梗死相关动脉(IRA)血运重建的临床疗效。方法:选择108例STEMI患者,分为静脉溶栓组(静脉组,46例)、冠脉溶栓加补救/择期PCI组(冠脉组,28例)和直接PCI组(PCI组,34例)。静脉组给予尿激酶150万U;冠脉组行冠脉造影后,IRA内给予尿激酶50万U溶栓,再次造影,IRA未通者行补救PCI,再通者10d后行择期PCI;介入组行冠脉造影后,对IRA行直接PCI。4周后行心脏超声心动图检查了解各组患者的心脏功能。结果:静脉组、冠脉组、PCI组IRA再通率分别为60.9%、78.6%、100%,主要心血管事件发生率分别为26.9%、21.4%、18.8%,左室射血分数分别为(54.4±10.2)%、(56.2±9.6)%、(59.9±8.3)%。PCI组有1例发生支架内亚急性血栓形成。静脉组住院病死率为8.7%,脑卒中发生率为4.34%;冠脉组、PCI组均无一例发生住院死亡、脑卒中。结论:直接PCI效果佳、不良反应少,可作为治疗STEMI患者的首选。     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗时机对急性心肌梗死患者预后的影响

目的　探讨经皮冠状动脉介入术 ( PCI)治疗急性心肌梗死 ( AMI)的最佳时机。方法　将 14 6例AMI接受 PCI治疗者分为四组。急诊直接 PCI组 (急诊组 ) 45例 ,溶栓后梗死相关动脉 ( IRA)未通行补救 PCI组(补救组 ) 3 1例 ,溶栓后 IRA开通行延迟 PCI组 (延迟组 ) 3 2例 ,未行溶栓 4周内择期 PCI组 (择期组 ) 3 8例。延迟及择期组术中对严重狭窄的非 IRA同时进行处理。对所有患者随访 3～ 12个月 ,观察心血管事件的发生情况。结果　 14 6例患者 IRA14 9支 (其中 3例为双支 IRA) ;14 9支 IRA及 3 5支非 IRA行支架置入 ,14 5例获有效血运重建 ,IRA支架的置入率为 10 0 % ,扩张后即刻造影结果平均残余率 <10 % ,手术成功率 99.3 %。术中 3 8例出现无再流现象 ,急诊组及补救组发生率高于后两组 ,P<0 .0 5。术后死亡 4例 ,择期组高于其他三组 ,P<0 .0 5。再发心绞痛者 19例 ,急诊组及补救组低于另外两组 ,P<0 .0 5;择期组再发 AMI1例。结论　 PCI是治疗 AMI的积极有效的方法 ,急诊 PCI即刻手术成功率高 ,补救 PCI是抢救高危患者的有效方法 ,两种方法术中无再流的发生率较高 ,但效果最好 ;延迟 PCI、择期 PCI能改善患者预后 ,但易出现严重心血管事件。     

高龄急性心肌梗塞溶栓治疗的临床研究

目的 :观察静脉溶栓治疗高龄 (≥ 75岁 )急性心肌梗塞 (AMI)患者的临床疗效。　　方法 :高龄 AMI患者 70例 ,经静脉溶栓治疗患者 34例为溶栓组 ,同期未溶栓治疗患者 36例为未溶栓组 ,对比分析两组临床结果。　　结果 :溶栓组临床血管再通率为 6 8%。病死率溶栓组为 15 % ,未溶栓组为 2 5 % ;溶栓组中心力衰竭的发生率在冠状动脉再通者中 30 % ,未通者中 5 5 % ,病死率再通者中 4.4% ,未通者中 36 .4%。　　结论 :静脉溶栓治疗高龄 AMI可降低病死率 ,减少心力衰竭发生 ,改善预后。     

直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗与溶栓联合经皮冠状动脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死的疗效评估

目的探讨静脉溶栓联合经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）急性心肌梗死（AMI）的安全性及有效性。方法患者随机分为接受溶栓联合PCI治疗组和直接PCI治疗组，比较血管再通率、从疼痛到血管再通时间、病死率、主要心血管事件发生率、再梗死率、左室舒张末期前后径（EDD）和左心室射血分数（LVEF）。结果两组患者自发病至PCI时问比较无明显差异；首次冠状动脉造影显示：溶栓联合PCI治疗组PCI术前梗死相关动脉TIMI 3级血流者明显较直接PCI治疗组多；溶栓联合PCI组介入治疗成功率高，且术后TIMI 3级血流者多于直接PCI治疗组；PCI术后1周时溶栓联合PCI组心肌梗死面积明显小于直接PCI组；两组比较出血并发症发生率差异无显著性。结论溶栓后即刻PCI治疗急性心肌梗死安全有效。早期再通率高，心肌梗死面积小。更有利于保护心室功能，且不增加出血并发症。     

冠状动脉介入或联合溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死的临床研究

目的探讨急诊冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)或联合溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)的临床疗效。方法　对 3 3例AMI患者行直接PCI治疗 (PCI组 ) ,3 6例AMI患者在溶栓治疗的同时行直接PCI治疗 (溶栓 +PCI组 ) ,42例AMI患者行溶栓治疗 (溶栓组 ) ,比较各组住院和随诊期间的情况。结果　PCI组住院天数为 (9.3± 4.1)天 ,左心室射血分数 (LVEF)为 (4 5 .1± 4.2 ) % ;随诊期间 ,心绞痛发作 2例 ,择期再次PCI 2例。溶栓 +PCI组住院天数为 (9.2± 4.0 )天 ,LVEF为 (4 7.2± 4.1) % ;随诊期间 ,心绞痛发作 1例 ,择期再次PCI 1例。溶栓组住院天数为 (14 .0± 7.3 )天。LVEF为 (4 1.8± 6.4) % ;随诊期间 ,心绞痛发作 15例 ,择期PCI 14例。结论　AMI直接PCI或溶栓 +PCI可降低AMI的住院死亡率 (P <0 .0 1) ,缩短住院天数 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,有效保护心脏功能 (P <0 .0 1)。     

急性心肌梗死静脉溶栓冠状动脉再通指标出现的时间顺序探讨

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)病人梗死相关冠状动脉静脉溶栓再通指标出现的时间顺序。方法将67例静脉溶栓治疗的AMI病人分为再通组和未通两组,再将再通组根据AMI发病时间分为<2h、2h~6h和>6h3个亚组,观察静脉溶栓后各组再灌注心律失常时间、胸痛缓解时间、心电图ST段下降达50%时间及肌酸激酶(CK)峰时间。结果再通组从再灌注心律失常时间、胸痛缓解时间到ST段下降达50%时间呈依此延长(P<0.05或P<0.01),且前述各指标随梗死时间的延长而相应延长,未通组的CK峰时间明显长于再通组及各亚组(P<0.05)。结论AMI静脉溶栓梗死相关冠状动脉再通指标按先后顺序为再灌注心律失常、胸痛缓解、ST段下降达50%及CK峰时间,且随梗死时间延长而相应延长。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.