2575名在校大学生亲密伴侣暴力现况研究

  目的  了解大学生约会暴力现状,探讨自我控制水平、对约会暴力的态度与施暴行为的关系。  方法  于2018年3 — 6月,采取整群抽样方法选取4所大学2 264名学生作为调查对象,采用约会暴力问卷、自我控制简明版量表、约会暴力态度问卷进行调查。  结果  2 264名调查对象中,施暴经历阳性报告率为68.77 %,其中男生为62.88 %,女生为73.68 %,差异有统计学意义（χ² = 5.87,P = 0.018）;三、四年级总体报告率高于一、二年级（χ² = 16.21,P = 0.035）。其中,70.26 %的大学生对对方实施过 ≥ 3次的暴力行为。施暴类型中,精神暴力报告率最高,为78.68 %,其次为躯体暴力报告率（57.88 %）及性暴力报告率（9.57 %）。其中,女生实施精神暴力的行为明显高于男生（χ² = 16.492,P = 0.016）,而在性胁迫方面,男生施暴行为显著高于女生（χ² = 11.02,P = 0.000）。施暴行为发生的常见原因为出现分歧双方沟通不良时（65.06 %）,缺乏自尊和尊重他人、言行举止不当（57.29 %）,不守时、不守信（52.41 %）。相对于无施暴行为者,施暴经历阳性组的自我控制得分明显偏低（t = 2.89,P = 0.016）,约会暴力态度问卷得分较高,差异有统计学意义（t = 6.85,P = 0.000）。  结论  大学生约会暴力行为发生率较高,低自我控制能力、对约会暴力的接受度与施暴行为密切相关。     

Violence and drug use in rural teens: national prevalence estimates from the 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Survey

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare national estimates of drug use and exposure to violence between rural and urban teens. Methods: Twenty‐eight dependent variables from the 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Survey were used to compare violent activities, victimization, suicidal behavior, tobacco use, alcohol use, and illegal drug use across rural, urban, and suburban teens across the country. Results: Overall, rural teens were equally or more likely than both suburban and urban teens to report experiencing many measures of violent behavior, victimization, suicide behaviors, and drug use. Among all teens, nonwhites reported equal or higher rates of violent behavior and victimization than whites, but these associations disappeared within the rural‐only population. Conclusions: Rural areas do not appear to provide a strongly protective effect against risk behaviors in teens and may be a risk factor in itself. Community prevention efforts should focus on reaching rural areas and segmenting program content based on need. Where white teens might benefit from an emphasis on preventing tobacco and alcohol use, nonwhite teens would benefit from an emphasis on preventing violence and victimization.     

Sexual Behaviors of Middle School Students: 2009 Youth Risk Behavior Survey Results From 16 Locations

BACKGROUND: The potential negative consequences of engaging in sexual risk behaviors at a young age are well documented. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of information about the prevalence of sexual behaviors among middle school students. This article provides an overview of the sexual risk behaviors of middle school students from 16 districts and states throughout the country, and examines these risks by demographic variables. METHODS: In 2009, 10 states and 6 districts administered the Youth Risk Behavior Survey‐Middle School and included sexual behavior questions. Data were examined using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Youth Online database. Frequencies were run for 4 sexual behaviors and an HIV/AIDS education question for each location. A series of t‐tests were calculated for these 5 items by gender, age, and race for each location. RESULTS: Data show that 5–20% of sixth graders and 14–42% of eighth graders have engaged in sexual intercourse. A concerning percentage of students have also engaged in other sexual risk behaviors and many are not receiving HIV/AIDS education. Additionally, there were significant differences by gender, race, and age. CONCLUSION: Consistent with previous studies, males, minorities, and older students are more likely to engage in sexual risk behaviors. There is also variation in the percentage of students engaging in sexual behaviors across locations. Sexual risk reduction education is important for middle school youth, particularly for minorities, males and those from southern and/or larger, urban cities as those are the populations with generally higher sexual risk behaviors.     

Perceived Overweight, BMI, and Risk for Suicide Attempts: Findings from the 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey

Among U.S. youth (N = 14,041), perceived (odds ratio [OR]adj. = 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–1.72) and actual overweight (ORadj. = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.07–1.60) were associated with suicide attempts in analyses controlling for demographic characteristics and potential confounders. There is a need to better understand associations between perceived and actual overweight and risk for suicide attempts and to develop appropriate strategies for prevention.     

青少年危险行为问卷信效度研究

目的编制青少年危险行为问卷（Youth Risk Behavior Survey Questionnaire,YRBS）中文版,并考察其信度与效度。方法 依据我国具体的文化特征,对美国的2009版本的青少年危险行为问卷进行改编为中文版的青少年危险行为问卷。通过分层整群抽样从2008年汶川特大地震9个极重灾区的110所学校的4～9年级的学生中纳入5 486人进行问卷调查。结果 内部一致,中文版青少年危险行为问卷总量表的Cronbach sα为0.730,10项分量表的Cronbach sα为-0.415～0.857。区分度,11个分量表与总量表分相关系数为0.288～0.641,每个分量表与各自分量表中的条目的相关系数为0.176～0.892,P均为0.000。因子分析：规则安全及暴力行为分量表均提取了2个公因子,其余的8个分量表,均提取1个公因子。内容效度即精神科医师及临床心理学家对该量表的内容进行评估,确保该量表有较好的内容效度。结论 青少年危险行为问卷在地震后幸存的青少年中具有较好的信度与效度,可作为该群体行为问题的一个较好的筛查工具,该结论仍有待进一步的验证及完善。     

Indicators of Victimization and Sexual Orientation Among Adolescents: Analyses From Youth Risk Behavior Surveys

Objectives. We used nuanced measures of sexual minority status to examine disparities in victimization and their variations by gender, age, and race/ethnicity.Methods. We conducted multivariate analyses of pooled data from the 2005 and 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys.Results. Although all sexual minorities reported more fighting, skipping school because they felt unsafe, and having property stolen or damaged at school than did heterosexuals, rates were highest among youths who identified as bisexual or who reported both male and female sexual partners. Gender differences among sexual minorities appeared to be concentrated among bisexuals and respondents who reported sexual partners of both genders. Sexual minority youths reported more fighting than heterosexual youths, especially at younger ages, and more nonphysical school victimization that persisted through adolescence. White and Hispanic sexual minority youths reported more indicators of victimization than did heterosexuals; we found few sexual minority differences among African American and Asian American youths.Conclusions. Victimization carries health consequences, and sexual minorities are at increased risk. Surveys should include measures that allow tracking of disparities in victimization by sexual minority status.Public attention to and scholarship on sexual minority youths grew significantly during the past decade1; victimization has been the subject of a great deal of this interest. Numerous studies have documented higher rates of victimization of sexual minority, or lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT), youths than of their heterosexual peers. Most previous studies relied on community samples or on samples of sexual minority youths recruited through LGBT organizations or online. Most notable among those is the biannual National School Climate Survey, conducted by the Gay, Lesbian, and Straight Education Network, which has documented school-based victimization of LGBT youths for more than a decade. The 2011 survey of more than 7000 students, aged 13 to 21 years, showed that nearly 9 out of 10 LGBT students experience harassment at school.2Although a few population-based studies have examined victimization of sexual minority youths, these studies typically have several limitations. Some are limited to single-item measures of sexual minority status.3 Experts argue that studies should measure multiple dimensions of sexual orientation (i.e., identity as well as behavior),1 but studies that incorporate multiple measures are rare. Even in fairly large population-based samples, the prevalence of sexual minorities is low enough that LGB youths are combined into a single category for statistical analyses.4,5Multiple studies have documented strong gender differences in victimization among sexual minority youths: sexual minority adolescent boys report more victimization than do sexual minority adolescent girls.5 Few studies have been able to disaggregate victimization experiences of sexual minority youths by age and race. A recent school-based population survey in Wisconsin found that homophobic attitudes decline from 7th to 12th grades.6 Furthermore, analyses of the National School Climate Survey 2007 data showed that younger LGBT youths reported significantly more school victimization than did their older peers.7 Data from the 2005 wave of the same survey showed that White, Native American, and multiracial LGBT students reported having property stolen or damaged at school more often than did other LGBT students.8 Data from the 2007 wave of the survey showed that African American LGBT students were more likely than Whites to report anti-LGBT victimization at school.7 This research from Gay, Lesbian, and Straight Education Network was the first to show racial/ethnic group differences among LGBT students; we know of no published studies that make use of population-based data to examine racial/ethnic group differences in victimization.We used pooled Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data to examine differences in indicators of victimization by sexual identity and sexual behavior, as well as variability among sexual minorities by gender, age, and race/ethnicity.     

Aggregating Indices of Risk and Protection for Adolescent Behavior Problems: The Communities That Care Youth Survey

PurposeTo facilitate research on adolescent risk and protection regarding behavior problems, and to facilitate community decision-making regarding resource allocation for intervention programs, by creating a reduced set of coherent aggregate indices of adolescent risk and protection.MethodsWe examined the 31 risk and protective factor scales in the Communities That Care Youth Survey (CTC-YS). Data came from two waves of the CTC-YS administered to sixth through 12th graders in Pennsylvania (2001 n = 43,842; 2003 n =101,988). Factor analysis and calculation of internal reliability were used to create aggregate indices of risk/protective factor domains. Correlations of aggregate indices with each other and with problem behaviors (antisocial behavior, substance use) were examined.ResultsTheory and empirical results led to the creation of seven coherent indices: Community Cohesion, Family Cohesion, Family Risk, School Support for Prosocial Activities, Antisocial Peer Domain, Attitudes toward Risky Behavior, Risky Behavioral Tendencies. Four scales were not included in the aggregate index (Religiosity, Academic Performance, Personal Transitions and Mobility, and Early Initiation of Drug Use and Antisocial Behavior). The indices were related to each other and to adolescent problem behaviors (antisocial behavior and substance use) in expected ways. Results were consistent across waves of data.ConclusionsThe construction of theoretically meaningful and empirically defensible aggregate measures of adolescent risk and protective factors is possible, although analyses of other data sets and further discussion are warranted. The use of aggregate indices by researchers and communities is recommended as a way to facilitate research and decision-making.