河南某农村地区小学四年级学生预防艾滋病教育效果评价

目的 探讨学校预防艾滋病教育对农村小学四年级学生知识、态度和行为的影响,为在中国农村小学开展预防艾滋病教育提供参考依据.方法 以河南省某农村地区8所农村小学全体四年级学生为研究对象,以学校为单位分为教育组和等待教育组.先对教育组学生进行教育,在教育研究结束后再对等待教育组学生进行教育.分别于教育前、教育后1周及教育后5个月对学生进行问卷调查.结果 与教育前相比,教育后1周和教育后5个月,教育组学生预防艾滋病知识和态度得分增长值明显高于等待教育组学生知识、态度得分增长值(P值均＜0.05);教育组学生与家长、同学或朋友谈论预防艾滋病知识的比例由教育前的16.9％和10.9％分别上升到教育后1周的27.1％和18.1％及教育后5个月的38.6％和32.0％,均明显高于等待教育组学生(p值均＜0.05).结论 学校预防艾滋病教育能显著提高小学生预防艾滋病知识,有助于促进小学生与家长、同学或朋友有关预防艾滋病问题的交流.     

HIV/AIDS prevention: knowledge, attitudes and education practices of secondary school health personnel in 14 cities of China

This study assessed the preparedness of school health personnel to develop and deliver HIV/AIDS prevention education programmes for young people in China. A survey of 653 personnel working in secondary schools in 14 cities was conducted. More than 90% had basic knowledge of ways in which HIV can be transmitted, but knowledge of ways in which the virus is not transmitted needs improvement. Substantial numbers of teachers were not sure whether there was an effective preventive vaccine (42%) or did not know whether AIDS was a curable illness or not (32%). The great majority approved of AIDS prevention programmes in universities (98%) and secondary schools (91%), although fewer (58%) agreed that the topic was appropriate for primary schools. Currently, most classroom activities focuses on teaching facts about HIV/AIDS transmission, while less than half are taught about HIV/AIDS related discrimination and life skills to reduce peer pressure. Personnel with some prior training on HIV/ AIDS education (53%) had better factual knowledge, more tolerant attitudes and more confidence in teaching about HIV/AIDS than those without training. The majority of teachers indicated a need for more resource books, audiovisual products, expert guidance, school principal support and dissemination of national AIDS prevention education guidelines to schools.     

Students and their parental attitudes toward the education of children affected by HIV/AIDS: a cross‐sectional study in AIDS prevalent rural areas,China

Objective : To investigate the prevalence and determinants of student and parental attitudes toward the education of children affected by HIV/AIDS in areas of rural China where AIDS is prevalent. Methods : A cross‐sectional study of a random sample of students (n=732) and their parents (n=732) conducted in April 2010, using a questionnaire and in‐depth interview. Results : Twenty‐six per cent of students and 29% of parents had a ‘good’ attitude toward the education of children affected by HIV/AIDS. Following adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, students’ attitudes were significantly associated with knowledge of HIV/AIDS non‐transmission (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]= 3.13) and their parents’ attitudes (aOR= 2.38), but not with knowledge of HIV/AIDS transmission, prevention or their parents’ knowledge. Parents’ attitudes were significantly associated with knowledge of HIV/AIDS non‐transmission (aOR= 2.12) and their children's attitudes (aOR= 2.52), but not with knowledge of HIV/AIDS transmission, prevention or their children's knowledge. Conclusion : Stigma and discrimination undermine the right to education of HIV/AIDS‐affected children in rural China. Improving non‐transmission knowledge may improve caring attitudes. Implications : HIV/AIDS public health educational campaigns highlighting non‐transmission and extending family education, combined with school education, may help to enhance an environment of non‐discrimination and safeguard public support programs for the right to education of children affected by HIV/AIDS.     

HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, related behaviors, and sources of information among Korean adolescents

To examine HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, related behaviors, and sources of HIV/AIDS information among high school-aged students in South Korea. One thousand and seventy-seven students (586 females and 491 males) from 5 high schools from 5 representative school districts participated in the survey. A self-administered questionnaire measuring knowledge (19 true-false items), attitudes (4 items, 5-point Likert-type scale), sources of information (6 items, yes/no), and sexual behaviors (8 items, yes/no) was utilized. The level of HIV/AIDS knowledge among Korean adolescents was moderate, with the mean scores of 13.93 out of 19 for males and 13.35 for females (p < .01). Attitudes toward persons with HIV/AIDS were negative, with the mean scores of 3.06 for males and 3.09 for females. Of 42 respondents (4.4%) who had engaged in sexual intercourse, 18 (40%) had used condoms. Almost half of the total respondents reported they were not concerned about HIV/AIDS (46.0%), and 94.4% indicated the need for receiving HIV prevention education in the future. The respondents identified TV (52.5%) and school classes (32.1%) as the two major sources of information on HIV/AIDS. Only a few pointed to their parents (1.3%) as a source of information. This preliminary study summarizes the current status of prevention education on HIV/AIDS available in Korea and can provide implications for developing more differentiated intervention strategies specific to culture, age, and gender.     

学校教师讲授预防艾滋病知识与大学新生知识态度及行为的关联

目的通过对某大学新生在学校期间教师对其进行预防艾滋病教育的回顾性调查,了解学校预防艾滋病教育状况,探讨学校教育与学生知识态度和行为的关联。方法以不记名问卷调查方式,对北京某大学746名入学新生进行调查。结果80%左右的大学新生报告学校教师曾讲过艾滋病的传播途径(84.0%),不传播艾滋病的活动(74.3%)和不歧视艾滋病病人(80.8%)。约10%的学生报告学校教师曾讲过如何抵御不正当的同伴压力(10.6%)、作出正确决定的技能(10.8%)、预防性侵犯知识(12.0%)和性病知识(11.0%)。只有4.7%的学生报告教师讲过正确使用避孕套。学生预防艾滋病知识和态度得分与学校教师教育有关。报告教师讲过正确使用避孕套与报告没讲过这一知识的学生,性交行为发生率没有明显的差异。85.8%的学生表示希望学习有关预防艾滋病、性病方面的知识。结论学校教师讲授预防艾滋病知识内容不够全面。应重视学校教师预防艾滋病教育的培训,确保学生从学校获得预防艾滋病所需要的知识和技能。     

洛阳市中学生艾滋病性行为知识态度调查

目的了解河南省洛阳市中学生艾滋病性行为知识、态度现状，以便更好地开展中学生艾滋病及性行为健康教育活动。方法2004年9至12月采用分层整群随机抽样方法，对洛阳市6个区6所普通中学初中和高中的1980名学生进行了艾滋病性行为知、信、行结构式问卷调查。结果中学生没有接受过预防艾滋病的健康教育的比例为54．5％；艾滋病知识的掌握、传播途径不完全知道的比例为38．3％；不知道日常生活接触不传播艾滋病的比例为28．8％；没有与亲友谈论过艾滋病的比例为76．3％，而且91．2％的学生表示不愿意和AIDS／HIV感染者同班学习。中学生看过描写性行为的书刊、音像制品等的比例为21．7％；赞成婚前性行为的比例为13．4％；中学阶段学生曾发生性行为的比例为1．1％；80．5％的中学生认为艾滋病及性知识健康教育很有必要；18．9％的中学生希望从父母、教师或专家获得有关艾滋病及性的知识。结论中学生艾滋病及性知识缺乏，尽快在中学生中开展艾滋病及性行为健康教育。使之安然度过性困惑期已刻不容缓。     

某市职业学校学生艾滋病知信行调查

目的比较职业中专与职业学院学生艾滋病相关知识、获取知识的途径和对艾滋病态度的异同。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法随机抽取福州市一所职业中专和一所职业学院对学生进行问卷调查。结果两校学生获取信息的途径大致相同，即主要是大众传播媒介，其次是网络等；对于艾滋病非传播途径、预防途径、非有效预防方法学生的知晓率仍不容乐观，职业学院学生艾滋病知识知晓率优于职业中专学生。结论被调查学生已掌握一些艾滋病相关知识，但都缺乏自我防范的意识和技能，对学生开展综合性的艾滋病防治和性教育有助于提高他们自身的知识和促进行为改变。     

上海市长宁区外来务工人员艾滋病知识知晓情况和对艾滋病患者态度调查

目的 了解长宁区外来务工人员对艾滋病知识知晓情况和对艾滋病患者的态度,为有效地在城市外来务工人员中开展艾滋病健康教育提供依据。方法 随机抽取长宁区一个建筑工地,所有务工人员作为调查对象。采用匿名自填的方式,进行问卷调查,内容包括社会人口学特征、艾滋病防治核心知识、对艾滋病患者的态度以及国家有关政策的了解。结果 艾滋病核心知识总体知晓率为61.40%,知晓程度较高的人群为男性(OR=2.92,95%CI:1.73~4.93)、“有配偶/性伴”(OR=3.19,95%CI:2.08~4.90)、“四川户籍”(与“浙江户籍”相比,OR=2.03,95%CI:1.14~3.59),知晓程度较低的人群为“31~岁”年龄组(与“51~岁”年龄组相比,OR=0.47,95%CI:0.23~0.97)、文化程度为“小学及以下”和“初中”的人群(与“高中及以上”文化程度相比,OR_{小学及以下}=0.50,95%CI:0.27~0.91;OR_初中=0.36,95%CI:0.21~0.61)。对艾滋病的经性、血液、共用针具和母婴主要传播途径知晓率较高,分别为81.16%,88.02%,80.35%和68.49%;对“蚊虫叮咬”、“共用牙刷、剃须刀”,“一起吃饭”和“共用游泳池、浴缸”等与日常生活关系密切的非传播途径存在一定误区,回答正确率分别为30.81%,51.05%,59.77%和43.95%。对艾滋病患者的歧视现象普遍存在,55.70%的对象不愿意和艾滋病患者继续交往,62.33%的对象对艾滋病患者感到恐惧,不同知识知晓程度对患者的歧视程度不同(P＜0.05)。结论 外来务工人员对艾滋病防治知识的知晓程度较低,尤其对日常生活接触的非传播途径;对艾滋病患者存在一定程度的歧视。应结合外来务工人员特点,开展针对性宣传,提高知晓率,降低歧视。     

Cross sectional study on attitudes of Serbian mothers with preschool children: should a HIV-positive female teacher be allowed to continue teaching in school?

Background

HIV/AIDS continues to be a serious challenge to public health and human rights in the new millennium. The objective of this survey was to identify the correlation between socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers with preschool children, and their attitude towards whether a HIV-positive female teacher should be allowed to continue teaching in school.

Method

This survey was additional study analysis of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) in the Republic of Serbia conducted in the period November–December 2010 following the UNICEF methodology. Women deemed eligible for the survey were those who had children under five, had never lost a child, were not pregnant at the time of inquiry and who had a clear attitude (“yes” or “no”) towards whether a HIV-positive female teacher should be allowed to continue teaching in school. The criteria were met by 2309 out of 2992 interviewed women. Pearson chi-square and t-test were used to analyse the differences in respondents’ attitude towards whether a HIV-positive female teacher should be allowed to continue teaching in school. Variables that were significantly associated with the dependent variable (p?<?0.05) were entered into a multiple logistic regression model.

Results

The respondents who were more likely to think that a HIV positive teacher should not be allowed to teach in school were those: who did not know that a healthy-looking person can be HIV-positive (OR?=?1.84; 95 % CI?=?1.19–2.83), who would not buy (OR?=?29.90; 95 % CI?=?22.52–39.71) or did not know/were not sure (OR?=?2.21; 95 % CI?=?1.46–3.33) whether they would buy vegetables from a HIV-positive vendor and women who did not know/were not sure (OR?=?2.97; 95 % CI?=?1.64–5.39) whether they would take care of a family member sick with AIDS in their own home.

Conclusion

Misconceptions about HIV transmission represent a major barrier to combating HIV/AIDS epidemic and HIV/AIDS-related stigma. It is, therefore, necessary to continue education and raising awareness of human rights both among the population living with HIV and the general population.

     

北京市卫校师生艾滋病相关知识及态度调查

目的了解卫校师生艾滋病相关知识、态度现状。方法利用整群抽样的方法,对北京市某卫生学校574名全日制在校2、3年级学生及教职员工进行自填式问卷调查,对10名师生进行了个人访谈。结果卫校师生艾滋病相关知识总体知晓率为80.07%,传播途径知识知晓率达84.97%,非传播途径知识知晓率偏低,仅69.63%;53.1%的教职工及61.5%的学生感到害怕艾滋病;17.6%的调查对象认为艾滋病患者不应该享有上学权利,25.6%认为艾滋病患者不应该享有就业权利,59.0%认为经性途径感染艾滋病的人不值得同情,87.5%认为经吸毒途径感染艾滋病的人不值得同情。结论卫校师生对艾滋病相关知识具有较高的认识,但对某些非传播途径仍然存在认识不足;有一定比例的师生对艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病病人有恐惧和歧视态度。     

艾滋病高发区中学生艾滋病相关知识知晓状况

目的了解艾滋病高发区中学生艾滋病相关知识知晓情况,为健康教育和行为干预提供依据。方法在安徽省5个艾滋病防治示范区,运用结构式问卷对3 302名初二和高二年级学生进行调查。结果中学生艾滋病相关知识的总体知晓率为78.8%,男生(79.3%)高于女生(77.4%)(P<0.01),高二年级学生(85.4%)高于初二年级学生(71.5%)(P<0.01),城区(79.9%)高于乡镇(74.0%)(P<0.01),其中对传播途径、非传播途径和防治知识的知晓率分别为89.5%,78.3%和72.3%。获取知识途径的前3位依次为电视(83.0%)、教师(62.4%)、招贴画和挂图(58.8%)。结论安徽省示范区中学生艾滋病相关知识知晓率较高。但应继续加强对艾滋病非传播途径及预防知识的教育,并以初中生、女生和农村中学生为重点,进一步发挥学校教师在健康教育中的作用。     

上海市青少年危险行为现状研究(一)--艾滋病及性行为的知识态度行为

目的：了解上海市中学生艾滋病及性行为的知识态度行为现状。方法：2002年4月至6月选取105所普通中学和中等职业学校的初一、高一9246名学生，采取KAP(知、信、行)问卷调查。结果：中学生在学校里没有接受过预防艾滋病的健康教育的比例为49．3％。艾滋病知识的掌握，3条传播途径不完全知道的比例为27．8％，不知道日常生活接触不传播艾涝病的比例为24．7％，没有与亲友谈论过艾滋病的比例为66．7％，而且86．0％学生都表示不愿意和AIDS／HIV感染者同班学习。中学生看过描写性行为的书刊、音像制品等的比例为23．8％，赞成婚前性行为的比例为18．5％，高中阶段学生曾发生性行为的比例2．3％。结论：用多种形式，包括同伴教育在内健康教育方法，在中学生中尽快开展艾送病预防和生殖健康教育。     

广州市青年学生HIV感染相关行为的风险感知情况及影响因素分析

目的 了解青年学生对自身HIV感染相关行为的风险感知情况,分析其影响因素。方法 2021年9-11月根据国家统一方案,采用方便抽样在广州市5所不同类型高校中,按照每个年级至少抽取1个班级,每所学校完成不少于600名青年学生的方法,开展横断面调查。无序多分类logitsic回归用于构建风险感知模型,分析不同风险感知情况及其影响因素。结果 共调查青年学生7 346名,自评HIV感染风险较低者占90.58%（6 654/7 346）。风险感知与行为相符者占89.10%（6 545/7 346）。风险感知与行为不符者占10.90%（801/7 346）,其中低估风险者占19.10%（153/801）,高估风险者占80.90%（648/801）。无序多分类logitsic回归分析结果显示,控制其他因素后,相比于未发生过性行为组,有性经历且首次性行为年龄<18岁是低估风险的危险因素（OR=129.39,95%CI：73.28~228.48）,同时也是高估风险的危险因素（OR=1.76,95%CI：1.04~2.99）;有性经历且首次性行为年龄≥18岁是低估风险的危险因素（OR=70.56,95%CI：42.72~116.53）,但与高估风险无关;女性、其他学校类型、非异性恋取向、自评艾滋病相关知识知晓情况为一般或不了解是高估风险的危险因素,但与低估风险无关。结论 广州市高校青年学生总体风险感知情况良好。个体因素、教育因素和性行为经历均是HIV感染相关行为风险感知的影响因素,提高艾滋病相关知识知晓率,推迟首次性行为的年龄,有利于提高青年学生风险感知能力,进而主动寻求健康服务措施。     

Community knowledge on HIV/AIDS and its relationship with sexual practices in Tabora and Igunga Districts, Western Tanzania

HIV/AIDS represents one of the critical challenges to human development in sub Saharan Africa. This study was carried out to assess the knowledge of HIV/AIDS and its relationship with sexual practices among communities in Tabora and Igunga Districts in western Tanzania. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods, which included interviews and group discussions. A total of 568 participants (female = 49%; males = 51%) were involved in the study. Two hundred and eighty-four of the respondents were adults (> 25 years) and 284 were youths of 12 - 25 years. The results showed although the knowledge of the disease and its prevention was high (90%) among the community, some gaps regarding the knowledge on modes of transmission were observed. About 17.2% of the respondents reported to have multiple sexual partners and only about half of the respondents reported the use of condoms. The level of education correlated significantly with the individual knowledge on HIV/AIDS (P = 0.003). There was no significant difference between urban and rural communities on their knowledge on HIV/AIDS (P > 0.05). Health education on HIV/AIDS prevention needs to be strengthened and improved to include cognitive behavioural interventions that emphasize attitude changes, negotiation skills and decision-making skills that could be effective in changing and maintaining safe sexual behaviour.     

学校预防艾滋病教育对中学生知识态度和技能的影响

目的 通过学校预防AIDS教育，促进学生预防AIDS知识、态度和技能，为在我国中学开展预防AIDS教育提供重要的实践经验。方法 对学校健康教育教师进行了为期两天的培训。为评价教育前后学生预防AIDS知识、态度和技能的变化，对约8000名参与此项研究的初一、高一学生进行了教育前和教育后的问卷调查。结果 教育后学生预防AIDS基本知识平均得分由教育前的7．3提高到11．2(满分为15分)；知道如何避免感染AIDS的比例由教育前的47．9％上升到83．8％；与家长及朋友谈论HIV／AIDS的比例分别由教育前的31．1％、39．6％上升到44．2％和59．2％；表示愿意与HIV感染者／AIDS病人同班上课的比例由教育前的7．4％上升到26．1％；反对男青年及女青年婚前性行为的比例分别由教育前的45．3％、50．6％上升到54．9％和61．2％。结论学校预防AIDS健康教育对增加学生预防艾滋病知识、培养正确的性道德观念、不歧视HIV感染者以及促进学生谈论和宣传预防HIV／AIDS知识等方面均产生了积极的影响。     

广州市中学生艾滋病知识知晓情况及其影响因素

了解广州市中学生艾滋病相关知识的知晓情况及影响因素,为学校开展艾滋病健康教育提供依据.方法 采用分阶段整群抽样方法,对广州市25所中学的4 096名中学生进行问卷调查,获取艾滋病相关知识和行为等信息.结果 广州市中学生艾滋病知识总体知晓率为58.69%(2 404/4 096).48.12%(1 971/4 096)的学生近1年接受过预防艾滋病的宣传服务,学生知识的主要来源是艾滋病教育处方(63.48%)、艾滋病知识宣传栏/海报(60.63%)和专家专题讲座(43.75%).多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,男性(OR=1.19,95%CI=1.04~ 1.36)、学校提供过艾滋病防治知识教育(OR=1.84,95%CI=1.56~2.17)、近1年接受过预防艾滋病的宣传服务(OR=2.54,95%CI=2.21 ~ 2.92)的学生艾滋病知识知晓率较高(P值均<0.05).结论 广州市中学生艾滋病知识知晓水平较低,尤其对艾滋病流行形势、主要传播途径和新型毒品危害方面的知识缺乏.学校应加强针对流行新形势的艾滋病防治宣传教育.     

参加社区健康体检的50岁及以上人群艾滋病相关知识、性行为及HIV检测的接受度调查

目的 了解50岁及以上人群艾滋病相关知识、性行为状况,并探讨该人群对社区健康体检中提供HIV检测的接受度。方法 2020年6-8月在长沙市某区一个社区卫生服务中心和一个镇卫生院对自愿参加健康体检的50岁及以上人群进行问卷调查和HIV、梅毒检测。结果 有效问卷调查843人,有效应答率90.9%(843/927)。艾滋病防治相关知识总体知晓率为32.9%(277/843);居住地为城镇(OR=1.784,95%CI:1.236~2.575)、文化程度越高(初中OR=1.504,95%CI:1.021~2.216;高中/中专OR=3.048,95%CI:1.915~4.851;大专及以上OR=3.880,95%CI:1.192~12.632)、个人年收入越高(≥20 000元OR=1.895,95%CI:1.242~2.893),知晓艾滋病防治相关知识的可能性越大;而年龄越大,知晓的可能性越小。男性的性需求(Z=-6.585)、自我报告性生活频率(Z=-3.640)均高于女性(P<0.001)。知晓艾滋病防治相关知识者更有可能在性生活时使用安全套(Z=-2.134,P=0.002)。98.6%(831/843)的调查对象从未做过HIV检测,且居住地不同,其从未做过HIV检测的原因不同(P<0.001),但对健康体检中提供的HIV检测的接受率为96.0%(890/927)。HIV抗体阳性0人,梅毒抗体阳性4人。结论 50岁及以上人群艾滋病相关认知水平不足,多种不安全性行为并存,建议加强对该年龄组人群艾滋病知识宣教,尤其是农村、文化程度低的老年人;可考虑在其社区体检时加入HIV和梅毒检测,尽早发现HIV感染者。     

Disclosure of parental HIV/AIDS to children in rural China

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the complex issue of disclosure of parental HIV/AIDS to children in rural China. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with children affected by HIV/AIDS aged 8–17 (n?=?16), their caregivers (n?=?16) and key informants in the community (n?=?5). Findings showed that most children were shielded from knowing the HIV/AIDS status of their parents, although many children may have drawn their own conclusions through observation or sources outside the family. Caregivers felt discouraged and hesitated to discuss parental HIV/AIDS with children due to societal stigma and lack of knowledge and skills. Interventions are needed to improve caregivers' skills to communicate about HIV/AIDS with children. Interventions are also needed to reduce the stigma and discrimination towards people living with HIV/AIDS and their families.     

2007年枣庄市某中学部分师生艾滋病知识和态度调查

[目的]了解中学师生艾滋病知识水平及相关态度,为在学校开展艾滋病健康教育提供科学依据。[方法]2007年,在枣庄市市中区某中学,对部分教师和高中学生进行问卷调查。[结果]调查中学生297名,教师144名,20道艾滋病知识全部知晓者所占比例,教师为8.34%,学生为4.67%;只有3.48%的教师和19.87%的学生愿意与HIV感染者一起学习、工作;39.58%的教师和83.16%的学生愿意将艾滋病知识纳入健康教育课程。3.47%的教师发生过非婚性行为,均从不使用安全套;7.07%的学生有过性行为,66.67%从未使用过安全套。[结论]枣庄市某中学教师和高中学生对艾滋病相关知识有一定了解,但不全面。