中国偏头痛患者右向左分流阳性率及分流类型——一项全国多中心研究

背景 偏头痛与右向左分流（right-to-left shunt,RLS）的关系尚有争议。本研究旨在明确中国偏头痛 患者右向左分流的阳性率、分流类型以及分流量大小,分析偏头痛与右向左分流的关系。 方法 该研究为多中心-病例对照研究（北美临床研究注册号NCT0242569)。由中国9家分中心共同完 成,连续纳入2015年6月-2016年8月就诊于分中心且符合据第三版国际头痛疾病分类-β测试版（The International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd Edition Beta Version,ICHD-3β）诊断偏头痛的患 者（18～65周岁）,为偏头痛组。偏头痛组共纳入931例（女性695例）,其中先兆偏头痛240例（女性174 例）,无先兆偏头痛691例（女性521例）。健康对照组共282例。 结果 先兆偏头痛组RLS阳性率和大量分流比例高于无先兆偏头痛组（63.7% vs 39.9%,P＜0.001; 32.1% vs 16.5%,P＜0.001）,两组中量和小量分流比例无差异（P =0.141;P =0.061）。无先兆偏头痛 组RLS阳性率和大量分流比例高于对照组（39.9% vs 29.4%,P＜0.001;16.5% vs 6.4%,P＜0.001）, 两组间中量和小量分流的比例无差异。 结论 偏头痛患者（包括有先兆和无先兆偏头痛患者）,右向左分流阳性率高于正常对照组,且以大 量右向左分流为主,中至小量右向左分流及分流的类型与对照组相比无差异。右向左分流,特别是大 量的右向左分流,可能与偏头痛有关。     

对比增强经颅多普勒超声对偏头痛与右向左分流相关性的福建地区单中心研究

目的观察偏头痛患者右向左分流(right-to-left shunt,RLS)的发生率,分析偏头痛与右向左分流的相关性。方法入选116例确诊为偏头痛的患者为病例组,75例健康志愿者为对照组,应用对比增强经颅多普勒超声(contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler,c-TCD)诊断RLS并对分流量进行分级,分析两组的阳性率,进行统计分析。结果病例组中,RLS的阳性率为50.9%(59/116),其中,Ⅰ级分流35例(30.2%),Ⅱ级分流3例(2.6%),Ⅲ级分流7例(6.0%),Ⅳ级分流14例(12.1%)。对照组中,RLS的阳性率为30.6%(23/75),其中,Ⅰ级分流18例(24.0%),Ⅱ级分流1例(1.3%),Ⅲ级分流0例(0%),Ⅳ级分流4例(5.3%)。两组RLS总阳性率的比较,病例组的RLS总阳性率高于对照组,统计学有显著差异(P=0.006,χ~2=7.583);病例组的大量分流率显著高于对照组(P=0.011,χ~2=6.530),但两组的小量分流率比较无统计学差异(P=0.273,χ~2=1.199)。结论偏头痛与右向左分流存在相关,大量分流可能是偏头痛的病因,应引起临床重点关注。     

偏头痛患者右向左分流发生率及分 流量的研究——一项基于217例中 国偏头痛患者的研究

【摘要】
背景 近年来,对比增强多普勒超声（contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler,cTCD）的研究发现,右
向左分流（right-to-left shunt,RLS）可能是偏头痛的危险因素,但是这些数据均来自西方国家,尚无
中国人群的数据可用。
目的 评估中国偏头痛人群中RLS的发生率,并分析RLS分流量与偏头痛的关系。
方法 本研究共纳入217例确诊为偏头痛的患者及100例健康志愿者,均给予cTCD评估RLS发生情况
及分流量大小。
结果 在偏头痛组,RLS发生率为44.2%（96/217）,其中大量分流率为23.5%（51/217）;在健康组,
RLS发生率为28.0%（28/100）,其中5.0%（5/100）为大量分流。在先兆偏头痛组,RLS发生率为66.1%
（39/59）,大量分流占37.3%（22/59）;在无先兆偏头痛组,RLS发生率为36.1%（57/158）,大量分流
率为18.4%（29/158）。偏头痛组RLS阳性率和大量分流率高于健康组（P <0.05）。先兆偏头痛组RLS
阳性率和大量分流率高于无先兆偏头痛组（P <0.05）和健康组（P <0.05）。尽管无先兆偏头痛组与健
康组RLS阳性率相似,但是大量分流率在无先兆偏头痛组高于健康组（P <0.05）。
结论 RLS与偏头痛的发生有密切关系,尤以先兆偏头痛为著。     

对比增强经颅多普勒对隐源性缺血性卒中和先兆性偏头痛患者与右向左分流不同分流量相关性的研究

目的 对隐源性缺血性卒中和先兆性偏头痛患者的右向左分流阳性率及分流量进行对比分析,研究二者之间右向左分流的特征及可能的发病机制.方法 连续入组48例隐源性缺血性卒中患者、42例先兆性偏头痛患者、33例健康志愿者做为对照组,使用对比增强经颅多普勒诊断右向左分流,并根据分流量进行分级,对3组的右向左分流阳性率和不同分级进行...     

偏头痛患者右心声学造影的特点及影响因素

目的 利用右心声学造影检查探究有无先兆偏头痛患者卵圆孔未闭(PFO)情况及二者的相关性。方法 选取2019-07—2021-07郑州大学附属中心医院收治的118例明确诊断的偏头痛患者为研究对象,根据头痛类型将其分为先兆偏头痛组(n=50)和无先兆偏头痛组(n=68),并选取同期体检的40名健康者为对照组,对所有受试者进行右心声学造影评估有无PFO及房水平右向左分流(RLS)程度。此外,统计偏头痛患者治疗前头痛发作频率、发作时间及头痛程度,分析其与有无PFO及RLS程度的相关性。结果 先兆偏头痛组和无先兆偏头痛组患者治疗前发作频率、头痛发作时间、头痛程度比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.295、1.490、1.235,P>0.05)。先兆偏头痛组PFO发生率及PFO-RLS分流程度均明显高于无先兆偏头痛组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),无先兆偏头痛组和对照组间PFO发生率和PFO-RLS分流程度比较未见统计学差异(χ²=32.372、2.157、9.928、10.867,P>0.05)。Spearman相关性分析显示,偏头痛患者PFO分流...     

卵圆孔未闭伴房间隔膨出瘤与先兆偏头痛关系的超声心动图研究

目的 应用经食管超声心动图(transesophageal echocardiograghy,TEE)联合右心声学造影评估卵圆孔未闭(patent foramen ovale,PFO)伴房间隔膨出瘤(atrial septal aneurysm,ASA)与先兆偏头痛(migraine with aura,MA)的关系.方法 回顾性分析郑州大学第一附属医院2018-01—2021-05接受经食道超声心动图联合右心声学造影的988例患者的检查图像及临床资料.超声检查前,采用经过验证的头痛问卷,由两位神经科医生根据国际头痛标准诊断是否有先兆偏头痛,由超声医生在不知患者是否有偏头痛的前提下进行超声心动图检查,进行RLS分级,对无FPO和ASA组、PFO组、ASA组和PFO伴ASA组进行偏头痛及先兆偏头痛的单因素分析,并对有无先兆偏头痛患者的RLS分级进行比较.结果 孤立的PFO占15.38％,孤立的ASA占3.04％,PFO合并ASA占7.29％.偏头痛发生率19.03％,MA发生率8.20％.与无PFO和ASA组比较,PFO伴ASA组无先兆偏头痛(OR=2.324,95％CI:1.225～4.41,P=0.008)及有先兆偏头痛(OR=5.533,95％CI:3.031～10.1,P<0.001)患病率显著增高.偏头痛患者中,PFO伴ASA组有先兆发生的患病率显著增高(OR=2.381,95％CI:1.095～5.176).在RLS分级中,2级和3级分流在MA及MA—患者之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.912,P=0.005);PFO伴ASA组2级和3级分流显著高于PFO组(χ2=7.023,P=0.008).结论 PFO合并ASA与MA显著相关,且出现右向左分流的程度增高,PFO引起的偏头痛研究应集中于这种特殊的心房异常.     

对比增强经颅多普勒超声对隐源性卒中与右向左分流相关性的辽宁地区单中心研究

目的对比增强经颅多普勒(Contrast enhanced transcranial Doppler,cTCD)检测隐源性脑卒中(Cryptogenic stroke,CS)患者中右向左分流(Right-to-Left shunt,RLS)的发生率及分流量的分级,分析CS与RLS的相关性。方法入选18～55岁CS患者44例为病例组,健康志愿者33例为对照组,应用cTCD和cTTE诊断RLS并对分流量进行分级,比较2种检查方法的检出阳性率,cTCD对病例组和对照组RLS检出的阳性率对比并进行统计学分析。结果 cTCD和cTTE诊断RLS的阳性率交叉比较无明显差异(P=0.18)。用cTCD检查的病例组中,RLS的总阳性率为47.7%(21/44),其中大量分流的阳性率为27.3%(12/44);对照组中RLS的总阳性率30.3%(10/33),其中大量分流的阳性率为9%(3/33);2组RLS总阳性率的比较,病例组与对照组比较无统计学差异(x~2=2.380,P=0.123);病例组的大量分流阳性率显著高于对照组(x~2=3.974,P=0.042)。结论 cTCD检测RLS的方法是可靠的,RLS与CS相关,其中大量分流可能与CS的发生有强的相关性,可以用cTCD检测RLS,并且根据分流量分级评估,cTCD和cTEE联合检查可以增加PFO的检出率。     

偏头痛患者脑白质高信号与右向左分流相关性的福建地区单中心研究

目的观察偏头痛患者脑白质高信号(white matter hyperintensities,WMHs)的发生率和右向左分流(right-to-left shunt,RLS)的阳性率分布情况,探讨偏头痛患者WMHs与RLS是否相关。方法入选确诊为偏头痛的106例患者为研究对象,收集基本资料和头痛的临床信息,行头颅MRI检查评估WMHs,通过经颅多普勒超声(transcranial doppler,TCD)发泡试验进行RLS的诊断和分级,分析WMHs和RLS两者的相关性。结果 106例偏头痛患者中,"WMHs+"组33例(31.1%),"WMHs-"组73例(68.9%)。RLS总阳性率为48.1%(51/106),各分流级别分布情况为:Ⅰ级分流27例(25.5%),Ⅱ级分流4例(3.8%),Ⅲ级分流6例(5.6%),Ⅳ级分流14例(13.2%)。"WMHs+"组中,Ⅰ级分流5例,Ⅱ级分流1例,Ⅲ级分流3例,Ⅳ级分流10例;"WMHs-"组中,Ⅰ级分流22例,Ⅱ级分流3例,Ⅲ级分流3例,Ⅳ级分流4例。"WMHs+"组和"WMHs-"组相比较,两组发泡试验总体阳性率没有统计学差异(P 0.05,χ~2=1.719),但"WMHs+"组的大量分流率显著高于"WMHs-"组,具有统计学意义(P 0.01,χ~2=13.188)。结论偏头痛患者的WMHs与RLS无明显相关,但大量分流的RLS会增加偏头痛患者WMHs发生的风险。     

TCD发泡试验对西宁地区无先兆性偏头痛与右向左分流的相关性研究

目的 探究经颅多普勒(TCD)发泡试验对地处中高海拔的西宁地区无先兆性偏头痛患者右向左分流(RLS)发生率的检测作用.方法 选取2018年11月至2020年7月西宁市第一人民医院收治的偏头痛患者273例(观察组),同期健康体检者200例(对照组),均进行TCD发泡试验,观察RLS的发生率.结果 观察组RLS阳性107例...     

心脏右向左分流评价在前庭性偏头痛病因诊断中的价值

目的采用右心声学造影的方法研究前庭性偏头痛(VM)患者右向左分流(RLS)发生率,以及伴头痛与不伴头痛的VM患者RLS发生率的差异。方法收集就诊于本院眩晕门诊及神经内科的VM患者及性别、年龄匹配的对照人群,收集人口学资料及病史,并行右心声学造影检查,统计各组心脏RLS的发生率。结果共纳入VM患者167例,其中伴头痛的VM患者102例,不伴头痛的VM患者65例。正常对照组113例。VM患者RLS发生率显著高于正常对照组(39.5%vs 22.1%,P0.05),伴头痛VM患者RLS发生率显著高于不伴头痛的VM患者(47.1%vs 27.7%,P0.05)。结论 VM患者心脏RLS发生率显著高于正常人群,尤其是伴头痛症状的VM。     

Development of the projection from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus to the superior colliculus in the ferret

Neurons in the deeper layers of the superior colliculus (SC) have spatially tuned receptive fields that are arranged to form a map of auditory space. The spatial tuning of these neurons emerges gradually in an experience-dependent manner after the onset of hearing, but the relative contributions of peripheral and central factors in this process of maturation are unknown. We have studied the postnatal development of the projection to the ferret SC from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (nBIC), its main source of auditory input, to determine whether the emergence of auditory map topography can be attributed to anatomical rewiring of this projection. The pattern of retrograde labeling produced by injections of fluorescent microspheres in the SC on postnatal day (P) 0 and just after the age of hearing onset (P29), showed that the nBIC-SC projection is topographically organized in the rostrocaudal axis, along which sound azimuth is represented, from birth. Injections of biotinylated dextran amine-fluorescein into the nBIC at different ages (P30, 60, and 90) labeled axons with numerous terminals and en passant boutons throughout the deeper layers of the SC. This labeling covered the entire mediolateral extent of the SC, but, in keeping with the pattern of retrograde labeling following microsphere injections in the SC, was more restricted rostrocaudally. No systematic changes were observed with age. The stability of the nBIC-SC projection over this period suggests that developmental changes in auditory spatial tuning involve other processes, rather than a gross refinement of the projection from the nBIC.     

Mechanisms of the suppression of the nociceptive reflex of the opening of the mouth during stimulation of the structures of the limbic brain

The comparative effectiveness of the inhibitory influence of tetanic stimulation of hypothalamus, amygdala and limbic cortex on EMG-response of m. digastricus evoked by electrical stimulation of tooth pulp nociceptive afferents was studied in cats anesthetized with a mixture of chloralose and nembutal. It was found that inhibition of the EMG-component of the jaw-opening reflex is most pronounced in case of stimulation of medial and lateral region of the hypothalamus, the inhibitory effect of central and medial nuclei of the amygdala is less pronounced and the effect of the limbic cortex is the weakest. It was shown that the mechanism of the antinociceptive effect of tetanic stimulation of the hypothalamus is not related to the concomitant increase of the blood pressure. After stabilization of the blood pressure the suppressive effect of the hypothalamus remains without changes, that points out to a direct, primary, not baro-afferent mechanism of the inhibition of the activity of nociceptive neurons of the trigeminal sensory nuclei. Noradrenaline, injected intravenously, induced a large increase of the blood pressure accompanied by a pronounced inhibition of the pain reflex. Angiotensin causes the same degree of blood pressure elevation without changes in the amplitude of the EMG-response of the pain reflex. Hypothalamic and noradrenergic mechanisms for control of pain sensitivity are discussed.     

The organization of the connections between the cortex and the claustrum in the monkey

The distribution of labelled cells and of extracellular granules in the claustrum has been studied after injections of horseradish peroxidase in several areas of the neocortex. The frontal and parietal lobes are related to the anterior and posterior halves respectively of the claustrum, and the occipital and temporal cortex to the posterior and inferior margins. Parts of the claustrum related to areas of the cortex in the frontal lobe overlap considerably in the antero-posterior dimension with parts related to widely separated but interconnected areas of the parieto-temporal cortex. Areas of cortex within one lobe which are interconnected are related to parts of the claustrum which overlap in the dorsoventral dimension.     

Experimental study of the projections of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius and the area postrema in the cat

Projections from the area postrema and adjacent parts of the medial solitary nucleus are demonstrated with the Nauta method following lesions limited exclusively to these structures. Experiments are controlled with lesions involving adjacent bulbar regions, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Ascending pathways in the dorsal and lateral columns of the spinal cord project ipsilaterally to the area postrema and bilaterally to a para-alar nucleus in the ventral periphery of the nucleus gracilis. Neurons in the area postrema project mainly inspilaterally to the dorsal and medial regions of the medial solitary nucleus. Neurons in the posterior half of the medical solitary nucleus project ipsilaterally to the lateral solitary nucleus, dorsal vagal nucleus, ambigus, retrofacial nucleus, and dorsal and lateral bulbar reticular formation. Projections to nuclei intercalatus and prepositus hypoglossi, bilaterally, and to the ipsilateral dorsal tegmental nucleus by way of the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus are also shown. No direct projections to the diencephalon are demonstrated. Control lesions in the dorsal column nuclei reveal projections to the contralateral inferior olive and thalamic reticular and ventrobasal nuclei, but not to the projection sites of the solitary nucleus. Evidence is given to support the hypothesis that ascening visceral pathways are interruped in the bulbar reticular formation and dorsal tegmental nucleus before reaching the diencephalon. Correlations are suggested with functional aspects of the central autonomic and reticular activating systems.