双胎输血综合征宫内诊断和治疗

双胎输血综合征(twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome,TTTS)是单绒毛膜双胎最严重的并发症之一,胎儿和新生儿死亡率很高。对单绒毛膜双胎患者应进行密切超声检查以及时发现TTTS并评价胎儿发育情况。对TTTS的治疗主要包括期待治疗、羊水减量、羊膜分隔造口术、选择性减胎术和胎儿镜下激光消融术。应根据患者具体情况选择个体化治疗。     

双胎输血综合征3例

双胎输血综合征（twin-twin transfusion syndrome，TTTS）是一种单卵双胎妊娠的严重并发症，发生在单绒毛膜双羊膜囊双胎，由于两个胎儿的血液循环在胎盘有血管相交通，故引起血液动力学差异。本文回顾性总结我院1996年7月-2004年11月收治的3例TTTS患者，分析其妊娠情况，围生期和远期结局，结合相关文献探讨TTTS的诊治方案。     

双胎输血综合征的诊治及争议

双胎输血综合征(twin-twin transfusion syndrome,TTTS)是单绒毛膜双羊膜囊双胎妊娠的一种严重的并发症,发生率10%～15%,具有较高的围产儿死亡率和新生儿神经管发育异常率,未经宫内治疗的TTTS围产期胎儿死亡率可达70%～90%。产前超声早期诊断、严密监护、合理评估并选择适宜治疗方式能有效延长妊娠,改善围产儿预后。目前临床上针对TTTS的治疗方法包括期待治疗、羊水减量、胎儿镜下激光电凝血管交通支甚或是选择性减灭一个胎儿等。本文将针对TTTS的近几年诊治进展进行综述。     

双胎输血综合征诊断处理和妊娠结局

目的 探讨双胎输血综合征的临床诊断、处理及妊娠结局。方法 回顾性分析十五年间18例双胎输血综合征（TTTS组）和620例非双胎输血综合征双胎（非TTTS组）的临床资料，比较两组的妊娠并发症、妊娠合并症和妊娠结局。结果 （1）双胎输血综合征占双胎妊娠总数的2．8％，占单绒毛膜双胎的8．1％；（2）明确分期14例，引产10例，要求保留胎儿7例（Ⅱ期1例、Ⅲ期5例、Ⅳ期1例）；3例经腹羊水减量，其中2例转为Ⅴ期后引产，1例胎儿镜下激光凝固胎盘血管交通支，获两活婴；（3）TTTS组辅助生育受孕明显低于非TTTS组（11．1％比40．0％，P〈0．05），胎盘早剥发生率明显高于非TTTS组（22．2％比1．3％，P〈0．05）；（4）TTTS组终止妊娠孕周、胎儿平均出生体重显著低于非TTTS组（P〈0．01）。TTTS组胎儿死亡、畸形和窒息的发生率分别为41．7％、16．7％和33．3％，显著高于非TTTS组的6．4％、1．9％和7．0％（P〈0．01）。结论 （1）双胎输血综合征严重影响胎儿预后；（2）明确双胎输血综合征的分期有助于临床处理和评估预后；（3）胎儿镜下激光凝固胎盘血管交通支术治疗双胎输血综合征有较好的应用前景。     

双胎输血综合征的判断和临床处理

双胎输血综合征（twin-twin transfusion syndrome，TTTS）是单合子单绒毛膜双胎妊娠的一种严重并发症，一胎儿（供血儿）的血液通过不平衡的胎盘血管吻合网输入另一胎儿（受血儿）而引起的一系列病理生理改变和临床症状，预后较差，围生儿病死率高达80％～100％。     

双胎输血综合征的诊治

双胎输血综合征(twin to twin transfusion syndrome,TTTS)是单绒毛膜双胎妊娠的严重并发症,单绒毛膜双羊膜囊双胎妊娠TTTS发生率为10%~15%,单绒毛膜单羊膜囊双胎妊娠TTTS发生率为6%[1]。若不及时干预,其病死率高达80%~100%[2],即使存活,仍然存在较大的心血管系统及神经系统后遗症风险。规范化的双胎孕期保健、早期超声诊断和及时干预是改善TTTS妊娠结局的关键。     

双胎输血综合征6例

双胎输血综合征(twin-twin transfusion syndrome,TTTS)由Herlitz于1941年首先发现,是单卵单绒毛膜双羊膜囊双胎妊娠的主要并发症,双胎中的发生率为5%,单绒毛膜双胎中的发生率为15%,偶见于双绒毛膜双胎。     

双胎妊娠中一胎异常的筛查诊断与处理

双胎妊娠比单胎妊娠容易出现母胎并发症。单绒毛膜双羊膜囊双胎（MCDA）和双绒毛膜双羊膜囊双胎（DCDA）均可发生一胎异常。双胎之一异常在临床上主要表现为双胎生长发育不一致、染色体或基因异常和结构异常。为提高双胎妊娠的临床咨询与管理水平,文章就双胎妊娠中一胎异常的筛查、诊断与处理进行阐述。     

双胎输血综合征的诊断与处理

双胎输血综合征 (ｔｗｉｎ ｔｗｉｎｔｒａｎｓｆｕｓｉｏｎｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅ ,ＴＴＴＳ)又称胎儿间输血综合征 (ｆｅｔａｌ ｆｅｔａｌｔｒａｎｓｆｕｓｉｏｎｓｙｎ ｄｒｏｍｅ ,ＦＦＴＳ)、胎盘输血综合征 ( ｐｌａｃｅｎｔａｌｔｒａｎｓｆｕｓｉｏｎｓｙｎ ｄｒｏｍｅ) ,是双胎妊娠中的一种严重并发症 ,由Ｈｅｒｌｉｔｚ 194 1年首先发现并提出。ＴＴＴＳ指单合子单绒毛膜双胎在宫腔内一胎儿的血液 ,通过胎盘血管吻合支输送给另一胎儿 ,由于双胎间明显的血流动力学异常而引起的一系列病理生理改变及临床症候。据文献报道单合子单绒毛膜…     

急性双胎输血综合征一例

急性双胎输血综合征（TTTS）是单绒毛膜双胎妊娠极其罕见的并发症,其发生率占单绒毛膜双胎妊娠的1.5%~2.5%。本文报道了1例急性TTTS,并结合产前胎心监护、产后胎盘灌注以及文献复习,以期加深对于急性TTTS的认识。急性TTTS多发生于两胎儿脐带附着位置较近的病例,因此,孕期应加强对单绒毛膜双胎脐带附着位置的检查,...     

Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome: treatment by amniodrainage and septostomy

OBJECTIVE: Severe previable twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is associated with a high fetal loss rate and is therefore usually treated. In this paper, serial amniodrainage and inter-twin septostomy are reviewed in terms of technical aspects and fetal outcome. STUDY DESIGN: A review of the literature using a MEDLINE DATA search between 1990 and 2000 was done in order to describe the mechanisms and technical aspects of both procedures with their physiopathological consequences. In addition, data from our experience with septostomy are given. RESULTS: Amniodrainage increases survival rate, with outcome ranging from 40 to 87% (mean: 56%). Inter-twin septostomy is associated with a mean fetal survival rate ranging from 57 to 83% (mean: 70%). CONCLUSION: In severe TTTS, amniodrainage and septostomy are simple therapeutic alternatives with a survival rate similar to what is currently reported for laser coagulation of placental vessels.     

Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS)

Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a severe complication of monochorionic (MC) twin pregnancies, characterized by the development of unbalanced chronic blood transfer from one twin, defined as donor twin, to the other, defined as recipient, through placental anastomoses. If left untreated, TTTS is associated with very high perinatal mortality and morbidity rates, due to a combination of fetal and/or obstetric complications. The reported prevalence is 10-15% of all MC twins, or about 1 in 2000 pregnancies. This consensus document reviews available evidence and offers practical guidance to clinicians by providing recommendations on various aspects concerning diagnosis and management of TTTS.     

Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome: Controversies in the diagnosis and management

In twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) communicating placental vessels on the chorionic plate between the donor and recipient twins are responsible for the chronic imbalance of blood flow. Evidence demonstrates that fetoscopic laser ablation is superior to serial amnioreductions in terms of survival and neurological outcome for stages II-IV TTTS. However, the optimal management of stage I TTTS remains poorly understood. It is well established that all chorionic plate anastomoses should be closed by laser ablation. Compared to the selective laser method, the Solomon technique yields a significant reduction of recurrent TTTS and post-laser twin anemia polycythemia sequence (TAPS). Over the past 25 years, survival rates after fetoscopic laser surgery have significantly increased. High volume centers report up to 70% double survival and at least one survivor in >90% cases. In this review, we discuss the controversies in the diagnosis and management of TTTS, especially, the optimal management in stage I cases, very early or late diagnosis, and the optimal laser technique. Furthermore, we will discuss a stage-related outcome after laser surgery and examine whether it is necessary at all to distinguish between stages I and II. Finally, the optimal timing as well as mode of delivery after TTTS laser treatment will be discussed.     

Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome--case report

Authors described a case of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome that did not comply with a classic definition of syndrome. It has been presented possibilities of ultrasound screening regarding to Doppler blood flow velocimetry. It has been also shown the usefulness of these methods in the monitoring and assessment of fetal status. This is an example of Doppler blood flow velocimetry applying that yields information concerning fetal condition. This method seems to be very useful in these situations when fetal heart rate monitoring is difficult or even inapplicable.     

Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome complicated by spontaneous mid-trimester uterine rupture

Twin-to-twin-transfusion syndrome (TTS) is a serious complication in about 15% of monochorionic twin pregnancies. In severe TTS, the anemic pump twin (donor) develops anhydramnios and the hypervolemic recipient tense polyhydramnios, which often first calls attention to the condition. The most common problems of TTS are fetal complications such as single or double intrauterine demise, spontaneous abortion, prematurity due to uterine distension leading to contractions, preterm rupture of membranes and ultimately neurological impairment. We report a pregnancy with TTS in which rapid development of polyhydramnios led to rupture of a scarred uterus at 19 weeks' gestation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a potentially lethal maternal complication of TTS.     

Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome: what are appropriate diagnostic criteria?

One hundred seventy-eight consecutive twin pregnancies were studied to reevaluate the standard diagnostic criteria for chronic twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome of an intertwin hemoglobin difference greater than 5 gm/dl and a birth weight difference greater than 20%. Hemoglobin differences greater than 5 gm/dl were found in six pregnancies with monochorionic placentas but also in seven with dichorionic placentas. Birth weight differences greater than 20% occurred no more commonly in monochorionic than in dichorionic pregnancies. Of the four pregnancies with a coexisting hemoglobin difference greater than 5 gm/dl and birth weight difference greater than 20%, only one had a monochorionic placenta and therefore likelihood of vascular anastomoses. Diagnosis of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome cannot be definitively established by current standard diagnostic criteria.