Regulation of Lineage Commitment during Lymphocyte Development

Adenovirus is a common infectious pathogen in both children and adults. It is a significant cause of morbidity in immunocompetent people living in crowded living conditions and of mortality in immunocompromised hosts. It has more recently become a popular vehicle for gene therapy applications. The host response to wild-type infection and gene therapy vector exposure involves both virus entry receptor and the innate immune systems. Cell-mediated recognition of viruses via capsid components has received significant attention, principally thought to be regulated by the coxsackievirus–adenovirus receptor (CAR), CD46, integrins and heparin sulfate-containing proteoglycans. Antiviral innate immune responses are initiated by the infected cell, which activates the interferon response to block viral replication, while simultaneously releasing chemokines to attract neutrophils and NK cells. This review discusses the innate immune response primarily during wild-type adenovirus infection because this serves as the basis for understanding the response during both natural infection and exposure to adenovirus vectors.     

Lymphocyte reactivity during spaceflight

Over twenty years of spaceflight have demonstrated that man can easily survive and work in weightless conditions. However, a number of physiological changes may affect crew performance in space. Besides the well known disturbances of the vestibular and cardiovascular systems, bone demineralization, and decrease of erthrocyte mass, certain immunological alterations have been observed in space crews after flight. One of them--the reduction of lymphocyte reactivity to mitogens--was the subject of our investigations during the flight of Spacelab 1 from 28 November - 8 December 1983.     

抑制性受体对淋巴细胞活化的调节作用

淋巴细胞在接受正向活化信号的同时也接受各种抑制性信号的调节,以维持机体正常的稳态,避免免疫应答过度对机体的病理损坏。调节淋巴细胞活化的抑制性受体主要包括3类:识别MHC分子的抑制性受体、抑制性Fc受体及与B7家族成员结合的抑制性受体,系统地了解其种类、配体、作用机制、与疾病的关系等将为人们进一步深入了解免疫应答的调控机制提供参考。     

胸腺T细胞分化发育的神经内分泌调控

胸腺对机体免疫功能起着不可替代的作用,胸腺细胞的分化发育成熟过程接受神经内分泌调控,神经内分泌影响胸腺细胞增殖。激素和神经肽受体在胸腺细胞上表达,参与调控胸腺内分泌功能,本文对神经内分泌对胸腺细胞分化发育的影响及其可能的机制进行了讨论。     

Enhancement of Human B Lymphocyte Differentiation in Vitro by Thyroid Hormone

A study was made of the regulatory influence of a thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T₃), on human blood T- and B-lymphocyte responses in vitro. Blood lymphocytes were stimulated with the T-cell mitogens concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), with the T-dependent B-cell activator pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and with the T-independ-ent B-cell activator Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I bacteria in the presence of various hormone concentrations. T₃ did not stimulate T-cell proliferation. The number of immuno-globulin-containing and -secreting cells (plasmablasts) was increased in PWM and Staph. aureus cultures treated with T₃. The maximal enhancement was reached at a concentration of 10⁻⁹-10⁻⁷ M T₃. Cell fractionation techniques revealed that T₃ apparently had a direct stimulatory effect on B-cell differentiation.     

Peptidergic Regulation of Thymocyte Differentiation, Proliferation, and Apoptosis during Aging of the Thymus

The effects of T-31, AB-17, and AB-9 peptides on old (passage 8) thymocyte culture were studied. Only AB-9 peptide exhibited a complex geroprotective effect on thymocytes during their aging. Peptide AB-9 stimulated proliferative activity and differentiation of thymocytes and inhibited their apoptosis.     

microRNA调控棕色脂肪细胞的分化

微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是一类长度约为20~24个核苷酸序列的内源性的具有转录后调节功能的单链非编码小RNA,在基因表达调控方面具有广泛作用,参与了生物体生长发育、细胞增殖、分化、凋亡等多种生物学过程.最新研究发现,microRNA193b-365在棕色脂肪细胞分化过程中,通过上调或下调一些影响棕色脂...     

Cartilage Stem Cells: Regulation of Differentiation

The developing limb bud is a useful source of cartilage stem cells for studies on the regulation of chondrogenesis. In high density cultures these cells can progress through all stages of chondrogenesis to produce mineralized hypertrophic cartilage. If the cells are maintained in a spherical shape, single stem cells can progress through a similar sequence. The actin cytoskeleton is implicated in the regulation of chondrogenesis since conditions that favor its disruption promote chondrogenesis and conditions that favor actin assembly inhibit chondrogenesis. Since a number of extracellular matrix receptors mediate effects of the extracellular matrix on cytoskeletal organization and some of these receptors are developmentally regulated, it is proposed that matrix receptor expression plays a central role in the divergence of connective tissue cells during development.