Correction to: Renal involvement of monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease associated with an unusual monoclonal immunoglobulin A glycan profile

Clinical and Experimental Nephrology -     

Renal monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease: the disease spectrum.

This study reports the clinicopathologic findings and outcome in 34 patients with renal monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease (MIDD), which included 23 light-chain DD (LCDD), 5 light- and heavy-chain DD (LHCDD), and 6 heavy-chain DD (HCDD). A total of 23 patients had pure MIDD, whereas 11 patients had LCDD with coexistent myeloma cast nephropathy (LCDD & MCN). Renal biopsy diagnosis preceded clinical evidence of dysproteinemia in 68% of all cases. By immunofluorescence, the composition of deposits included 11kappa/1lambda (LCDD), 3IgGkappa/2IgGlambda (LHCDD), 5gamma/1alpha (HCDD), and 10kappa/1lambda (LCDD & MCN). Patients with pure MIDD presented with mean serum creatinine of 4.2 mg/dl, nephrotic proteinuria, and hypertension. Cases of HCDD were associated with a CH1 deletion and frequently had hypocomplementemia and a positive hepatitis C virus antibody but negative hepatitis C virus PCR. LCDD & MCN is a morphologically and clinically distinct entity from pure MIDD, presenting with higher creatinine (mean, 7.8 mg/dl; P = 0.01), greater dialysis dependence (64 versus 26%; P = 0.053), subnephrotic proteinuria, and less nodular glomerulopathy (18 versus 100%; P < 0.0001). Multiple myeloma was more frequently diagnosed in LCDD & MCN than in pure MIDD (91 versus 31%; P = 0.025). Renal and patient survivals were significantly worse in patients with LCDD & MCN (mean, 4 and 22 mo, respectively), compared with patients with pure MIDD (mean, 22 and 54 mo). Chemotherapy stabilized or improved renal function in 10 of 15 patients (67%) with pure MIDD who presented with creatinine of <5.0 mg/dl, emphasizing the importance of early detection. On multivariate analysis, initial creatinine was the only predictor of renal and patient survival in pure MIDD, underscoring the prognostic significance of the renal involvement.     

A case of monoclonal immunoglobulin light- and heavy-chain deposition disease exhibiting atypical deposition with fibrillary structures, successfully treated with chemotherapy

We report a case of light and heavy chain deposition disease (LHCDD), a rather rare monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease (MIDD) with successful therapeutic effect. A 58-year-old woman suffered from proteinuria and renal insufficiency (serum creatinine 1.0 mg/dl, creatinine clearance 49.2 ml/min) in February 2003. In serum and urine samples, monoclonal IgG-kappa was detected. A bone marrow aspiration showed a slightly hypocellular marrow and plasma cell population was increased to 7.0%. Renal histological findings revealed lobulated glomeruli with nodular lesions on light microscopy, characteristic findings of MIDD. Intense deposition of IgG heavy chains in the linear pattern in the glomerular and tubular basement membranes was observed. Immunohistochemistry revealed both kappa and lambda light chain depositions in glomeruli. Electron-microscopic examination revealed fine granular electron-dense deposits accompanied by microfibrils. Based on these findings, this patient was diagnosed as LHCDD. She received three courses of melphalan and prednisone chemotherapy, resulting in disappearance of proteinuria, prevention of renal functional deterioration and the decrease of monoclonal immunoglobulin. This case clearly demonstrates that the earlier and accurate diagnosis and initiation of chemotherapy at the early stage with serum creatinine level below 4.0 mg/dl are necessary to improve renal and patient outcome.     

抗磷脂综合征的肾损害

目的分析抗磷脂综合征(APS)致肾损害的临床特点,旨在提高对该类疾病的认识。方法回顾性分析北京协和医院1983年至2004年期间91例APS中肾损害的临床特点及其中8例的肾组织学表现。结果原发性APS(PAPS)13例(14.3%);继发性APS(SAPS)78例(85.7%),其中系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)55例(占SAPS的70.5%)。APS伴肾损害共82例(90.1%),男性20例、女性62例;PAPS肾损害发生率为76.9%,SAPS为92.3%;发生肾损害时年龄为(38±14)岁,肾损害前病程为(4.9±6.8)年。肾损害临床表现主要为蛋白尿(92.7%)、肉眼血尿(2.4%)、镜下血尿(76.8%)、高血压(33.0%)、肾功能不全(18.3%),其中12.2%为肾病综合征。14例(15.4%)出现急性肾功能不全,病因包括血栓性微血管病、肾动脉栓塞、肾静脉血栓形成等。肾组织学检查8例,均为SLE所致PAPS,APS肾病占62.5%,表现为肾小血管、肾小球毛细血管血栓形成以及肾小叶间动脉内膜增生、洋葱皮样改变。结论APS肾损害比较常见,临床上以蛋白尿最为多见,可伴血尿、高血压,可引起血栓性微血管病、肾动脉栓塞或肾静脉血栓形成,致肾功能急剧恶化。     

A case of monoclonal immunoglobulin G1-lambda deposition associated with membranous feature in a patient with hepatitis C viral infection

A 63-year-old man with hepatitis C virus infection was admitted to our hospital for nephrotic syndrome. Light microscopic analysis of a percutaneous renal biopsy showed thickening of the glomerular capillary walls and spike formation. Immunofluorescence revealed granular deposition of monoclonal immunoglobulin G1-lambda and C3 complement along the glomerular basement membrane. Urinary protein excretion decreased slightly after combined treatment with steroid and an immunosuppressive agent. Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease with membranous feature is rare. Additional reports of such cases are needed to elucidate the mechanisms and optimal therapy for this rare entity.     

Characteristics of immunoglobulin A nephropathy with mesangial immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M deposition

Aim: There are immunoglobulin (Ig)A nephropathy (IgAN) cases showing mesangial IgG and/or IgM deposition, however, their characteristics have remained unknown. Methods: Three hundred and eighty‐four IgAN patients were divided according to the existence of mesangial IgG and/or IgM deposition: IgA deposition only (A group, n = 77); IgA and IgM deposition (AM group, n = 114); IgA and IgG deposition (AG group, n = 36); and IgA, IgG and IgM deposition (AGM group, n = 157). Clinical and histological findings, and outcomes were examined and compared among these four groups. Results: At the time of renal biopsy, serum creatinine was significantly higher in the A and AM group, however, creatinine clearance did not differ among the four groups. The ratio of glomerular obsolescence was significantly higher in the AM group than in the A and AGM group, and the ratio of glomerular tuft adhesion was significantly higher in the AM, AG and AGM group than in the A group. However, the other clinical and histological findings, electron microscopic findings and renal survivals did not differ among the four groups. Proteinuria was independently associated with an increase in risk of doubling of creatinine (P = 0.005), however, IgG and IgM depositions were not by multivariate Cox regression. Conclusion: The presence of other Ig classes, besides IgA deposits, was found to be associated with glomerular obsolescence and tuft adhesions, however, without any effect on renal survival in IgAN.     

Renal cell carcinoma with an unusual presentation.

A 24-year-old woman presented to Accident and Emergency witha 2 day history of gradually worsening left upper-quadrant abdominalpain associated with pyrexia and with intermittent hypertensionover the past year. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a well-defined10 cm mixed echogenic mass superior to the left kidney. A computedtomography (CT) scan     

Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy: an unusual skin condition associated with kidney disease

We report the case of a patient who, while on long-term hemodialysis (HD), developed nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy, a newly described sclerosing skin disorder. This disorder is characterized by thickened, hardened skin with brawny hyperpigmentation and raised plaques. The most common patient complaints are pruritus and dysesthesia. The extremities are predominantly involved with sparing of the torso and face. Dysfunction of internal organs has not been described, distinguishing it from other fibrosing conditions such as scleroderma. The skin biopsy is characterized by haphazardly arranged dermal collagen spindle cells in the reticular dermis. Extensive mucin deposits are interposed between collagen bundles and there are an increased number of fibroblast-type cells. In contrast to scleroderma, inflammatory cells are generally absent. Corticosteroid therapy can be tried, but in our patient was of no benefit.     

Renal artery stenosis associated with Crohn disease

Although extraintestinal complications involving skin, joints, eyes and liver are common in children with inflammatory bowel disease, hypertension is rare. We report data from a 16-year-old boy with renovascular hypertension and Crohn disease. To our knowledge, a patient with renal artery stenosis associated with Crohn disease has not been previously reported. Possible causes of renal vascular lesion in Crohn disease are discussed. Received: 4 September 2000 / Revised: 20 November 2000 / Accepted: 20 November 2000     

Renal lymphoma associated with Castleman's disease.

We report the second case in the literature of a renal lymphoma associated with multicentric Castleman's disease.     

Nodular glomerulosclerosis with deposition of monoclonal immunoglobulin heavy chains lacking C(H)1

The objective of this study was to further characterize the clinical and immunopathologic features of heavy chain deposition disease (HCDD), a recently described entity. Four patients were diagnosed as having HCDD on a kidney biopsy. All presented with nodular glomerulosclerosis with deposition of gamma1 heavy chains lacking CH1 epitopes, but without light chains. Two different patterns were observed in the serum. First, patients 1 and 2 had a circulating monoclonal IgGlambda containing a short gamma1 heavy chain lacking CH1 epitopes, with an apparent molecular weight of 40 kD consistent with a complete CH1 deletion. Biosynthetic experiments also showed that the deleted heavy chain was produced in excess compared with light chains, and was secreted in vitro together with half Ig molecules, although these abnormal components were not detected by Western blot analysis of whole serum. Second, patients 3 and 4 had a circulating monoclonal IgG1lambda with an apparently normal, nondeleted heavy chain subunit, but serum fractionation followed by immunoblotting revealed an isolated monoclonal gamma1 chain lacking CH1 epitopes. These data strongly suggest that renal deposition of a CH1-deleted heavy chain circulating in low amounts in the serum as a free unassembled subunit is a major feature of HCDD. The CH1 deletion is most likely responsible for the premature secretion in blood of the heavy chain by a clone of plasma cells.     

Carotid body tumors. Observation of an unusual case associated with thyroid disease]

A case of tumour of the carotid glomus associated with diffuse cystic colloid struma of the thyroid is examined. Classification, symptomatological, diagnostic and therapeutic problems are reassessed on the basis of the case in question and the literature. Stress is laid on the importance of carotidography as a decisive examination for preoperative diagnosis of the nature of the case. Some basic problems of surgical treatment are examined and the operating techniques that have proved most valid are proposed.     

轻链沉积病肾损害的诊断与治疗

轻链沉积病(LCDD)为单克隆免疫球蛋白轻链在肾脏、心脏、肝脏等组织的沉积。LCDD肾损害起病时多伴有慢性肾功能不全。典型的LCDD肾损害有相对特殊的临床表现,血、尿蛋白电泳及游离轻链定量有助于诊断,确诊需行肾组织病理学检查,包括光镜、荧光显微镜及电镜等检查。LCDD肾损害的治疗应综合考虑B细胞增殖程度和单克隆免疫球蛋白对肾功能造成的损害。应积极控制B细胞增殖,但治疗时应选择肾毒性较小的药物如硼替佐米,必要时改用大剂量马法兰＋周围血干细胞移植(HDM/ASCT)方案。     

Massive systemic amyloidosis associated with light-chain deposition disease

A 72-year-old woman presented with rapidly progressive renal failure and multiple myeloma. The patient died 6 months later of severe hepatic insufficiency. The light-microscopic, immunological and ultrastructural findings showed widespread kappa-light-chain deposits including the kidneys, liver, spleen, heart, lungs, tongue, ovary, pancreas and bone marrow associated with massive AL amyloid deposits in the same organs and in the thyroid gland. The concurrent presence of two different deposits is very unusual and the possible mechanisms for such an association are discussed.     

Madelung disease: A rare case associated with gynaecomastia and scrotal involvement

Abstract

Madelung disease is rare, and characterised by accumulation of fatty non-encapsulated tissue in the head, neck, shoulders, and upper extremities. The aetiology is not completely known, but the association with alcohol intake is clear. We present a neglected case that was associated with bilateral asymmetrical gynaecomastia. To the best of our knowledge, this is a pattern of involvement not previously reported. The treatment of choice is lipectomy for severe cases and liposuction for less extensive accumulations of fat.     

Renal involvement in children with influenza A virus infection

Renal involvement in influenza A virus infection has been rarely reported. To define the clinical characteristics and the factors contributing to the development of renal involvement in influenza A virus infection, we reviewed the clinical characteristics, laboratory data, pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM) score, and the number of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria and dysfunctional organs in 45 hospitalized children with influenza A virus infection. Eleven (24.4%) patients had renal involvement. All patients with renal involvement suffered from sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and 5 developed acute renal failure (ARF). The incidences of dehydration, hypotension, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and rhabdomyolysis were significantly higher in patients with renal involvement. PRISM scores, the numbers of SIRS criteria and dysfunctional organs, and mortality rate were also higher in patients with renal involvement. Influenza A RNA was absent in the renal tissues of 3 patients with ARF. These results suggested that renal involvement in influenza A virus infection occurred in patients with sepsis and MODS; dehydration, hypotension, DIC, and rhabdomyolysis were factors contributing to its development; direct viral injury to the kidney did not seem to occur in influenza A virus infection.     

Renal infarction associated with an extraadrenal pheochromocytoma.

A patient with an abdominal extraadrenal pheochromocytoma showed computed tomography findings of renal infarction. Selective angiography of the affected kidney showed no evidence of arterial occlusion or emboli. We postulate that the renal infarcts were caused by reversible severe vasospasm associated with high systemic blood levels of norepinephrine and angiotensin II.