免疫酶染色试验与环幼沉淀试验诊断旋毛虫病的研究

目的比较免疫酶染色试验(IEST)和玻片环幼沉淀试验(CPT)检测感染旋毛虫大鼠血清抗体的敏感性和特异性。方法采用IEST和CPT二种免疫学诊断技术检测实验感染旋毛虫大鼠血清特异性抗体。结果二种方法阳性率分别为97.6%和95.1%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。同时用此二种血清学方法检测正常大鼠、斯氏肺吸虫感染大鼠、日本血吸虫感染兔及蛔虫病人血清,除1例蛔虫病人CPT阳性,其他均为阴性。从第2周开始旋毛虫感染大鼠IEST和CPT均能测出抗体,第5周达高峰。结论 IEST和CPT对旋毛虫特异性IgG抗体的检测均有较好的敏感性和特异性。     

冰冻幼虫微量沉淀试验诊断旋毛虫病

应用冰冻旋毛虫幼虫微量沉淀试验检测感染旋毛虫的大鼠、兔及患者血清。结果：抗体阳性率分别为１００％，１００％及９１．６７％，而正常大鼠、兔、健康人及其它寄生虫病患者血清除１例囊虫病患者外，均为阴性；用新鲜幼虫试验沉淀反应常见于口孔或肛孔处，而用冰冻幼虫时，其反应可见于幼虫整个体表。结果表明，冰冻幼虫微量沉淀试验具有高度的敏感性和特异性，且抗原制备简单并可长期使用，对旋毛虫病的免疫诊断有实用价值。     

酶联免疫吸附试验对人体旋毛虫病诊断及疗效考核价值的研究

本文应用旋毛虫幼虫可溶性抗原进行ＥＬＩＳＡ检测１２２份旋毛虫病人血清，抗体阳性率为８３．６１％。发病后第１周抗体阳性率只有６１．１１％，第２周则升至８０．９５％，至第４、５周时已分别达９２．３１％和１００％，平均ＯＤ值亦有明显升高。囊虫病人和健康人血清均为阴性反应。丝虫、华支睾吸虫及并殖吸虫病人的假阳性反应率分别为５．２６％、２．７％及２３．５３％。旋毛虫病人治疗后１周的抗体阳性率及平均ＯＤ值均比治疗前明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１），此现象可视为是一个治疗有效的客观指标，可用于本病的近期疗效考核。从治疗后４周抗体水平开始下降，至治疗后８周抗体阳性率及平均ＯＤ值均比治疗后２周显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１），提示ＥＬＩＳＡ对本病的远期疗效考核也有一定价值。     

间接荧光抗体试验诊断实验性旋毛虫病的研究

本文应用间接荧光抗体试验比较了４种方法制备的旋毛虫幼虫抗原诊断实验性旋毛虫病的效果。结果表明，旋毛虫纯净幼虫冰冻切片抗原优于完整幼虫抗原、超声粉碎幼虫抗原及膈肌幼虫冰冻切片抗原。用此抗原检测感染旋毛虫的大鼠血清时，抗体阳性率为１００％（１３／１３），而１０份正常大鼠血清均为阴性反应。小鼠感染旋毛虫后２周即可检测到抗旋毛虫抗体，阳性率为１１．１１％（１／９），感染后５周抗体阳性率已升到１００％（８／８），升高的抗体滴度可一直持续至感染后第１５周。此抗原在－２０℃至少可保存２．５年而不丧失其活性和特异性。应用滤纸血也可取得满意的检测结果。     

Preliminary study of immunodiagnosis of trichinosis by ELISA using urea-soluble antigen of Trichinella spiralis

Urea-soluble antigens of Trichinella spiralis infected larva were preparedand the efficiency of the antigens in diagnosis of trichinosis by ELISA wasstudied.Specific IgG antibodies were detected by ELISA using urea-solubleantigens in 91.67% (22/24) of 24 serum samples taken from patients withtrichinosis and 91.67% (11/12) of 12 blood spots on filter paper.Specific IgMantibodies were seen in 95.24% (20/21) of 21 serum samples from patients withtrichinosis using the antigens.Sera of patients infected with Schistosoma japonicumhad some cross teactions to the antigens,but the sera of mice infected withSchistosoma japoni(?) Ancylostoma caninum larva and Plasmodium yoelti were allnegative in the test.     

尿素溶解性抗原用于ELISA诊断旋毛虫病的初步研究

文本报告了旋毛虫感染期幼虫虫体尿素溶解性抗原的提取及其用于ELISA诊断旋毛虫病的效果。ELISA检测24例旋毛虫病人血清IgG和12例病人滤纸干血滴IgG,阳性率均为91.67％(22/24和11/12),21例病人血清IgM,阳性率为95.24％(20/21),对日本血吸虫病人血清作IgG和IgM检测时均有一定的交叉反应,而感染其它几种寄生虫的小鼠血清无交叉反应。 本实验结果表明尿素溶解性抗原用于ELISA诊断旋毛虫病具有较高的敏感性、特异性和好的重复性,是一种具有实用价值和经济价值的诊断抗原。     

Immunofluorescence as an Aid in the Early Diagnosis of Trichinosis

The established serological tests for trichinosis are often negative during the period when laboratory investigation is most likely to be useful.

Another serological test, the immunofluorescence test, appears to be more promising in this respect. The results were based on studies involving experimental animals and human patients. In two rabbits orally infected with Trichinella spiralis larvae, antibodies were demonstrable by immunofluorescence on the fourth day after infection, by complement fixation on the eighth and tenth days, and by the precipitin test on the thirteenth and twenty-eighth days, respectively. In three human cases the immunofluorescence antibody test was positive two weeks (the earliest blood samples available) after onset, while precipitin and complement fixation tests did not become positive until the end of the fourth week. The immunofluorescence test thus becomes positive at least two weeks earlier than the other two, a factor which undoubtedly increases its value in diagnosis.

     

间接血凝试验诊断旋毛虫病

本文采用经Sephadex G-200层析后的旋毛虫幼虫抗原对实验感染旋毛虫大鼠和旋毛虫病人血清作间接血凝试验(IHA)。结果表明,20只大鼠感染后第16天全部出现阳性反应。9例旋毛虫病患者为阳性。本试验用于囊虫病、华枝睾吸虫病和健康人及正常大鼠均为阴性。检查本地区31只狗,阳性符合率为66.7％。     

IgG和IgE介导的免疫反应在旋毛虫病免疫机理中的作用

【目的】探讨IgG和IgE依赖中性粒细胞(Neu)和单核细胞(Mon)介导的细胞毒效应杀伤旋毛虫肌幼虫的免疫机理。【方法】以雄性Wistar大鼠为旋毛虫病实验动物模型,在动态检测不同感染时相大鼠血清中IgE、IgG的基础上,应用体外培养法观察经不同温度和时间处理的免疫血清对大鼠血液中Neu和Mon杀伤旋毛虫肌幼虫作用的影响。【结果】大鼠在感染旋毛虫后2~3周,血清中的总IgE和特异性IgE达最高值;总IgG和特异性IgG在5周达高峰。体外培养48 h后,Neus和Mons对旋毛虫肌幼虫的杀伤率分别为42.1%和23.2%。【结论】大鼠感染旋毛虫后,其血清中总IgE与特异性IgE及总IgG与特异性IgG同步增加。当免疫血清存在时,感染鼠和非感染鼠的Neu和Mon均具有杀伤旋毛虫肌幼虫的作用,但感染鼠的作用更强。Neu和Mon在发挥杀伤旋毛虫肌幼虫的作用时,主要依赖的是IgG。     

The development of hepatitis C antibody shortly after acute icteric non-A non-B hepatitis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between the development of hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV) and the clinical symptoms in acute hepatitis C. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of sera from patients with acute non-A non-B hepatitis. SETTING AND PATIENTS: Patients admitted to Fairfield Hospital with the diagnosis of acute non-A non-B hepatitis between 1979 and 1989. Inclusion criteria included a typical clinical illness, accompanied by an alanine aminotransferase level of more than 2.5 times the upper limit of normal (normal, less than or equal to 40 U/L) and negative serological test results for acute hepatitis A and B. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Time to develop anti-HCV after the onset of symptoms in patients with acute hepatitis C. RESULTS: Seroconversion was demonstrated in 26 of the 128 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In these patients, antibody was detected between one week and 32 weeks after the onset of dark urine; more than half the patients (54%) had seroconverted by four weeks and a third (34%) developed antibodies within two weeks. Of 20 patients who had sera collected within four weeks of the onset of dark urine, 14 (70%) had developed antibody. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that in patients with community-acquired hepatitis C, seroconversion occurs significantly earlier than is observed in patients who have been infected by blood transfusion. Sera taken shortly after the onset of symptomatic hepatitis C may be useful in the diagnosis of this condition.     

小鼠感染旋毛虫后血清抗体水平的变化

目的观察小鼠感染旋毛虫后血清抗体水平的变化。方法12只昆明小鼠每只经口感染旋毛虫肌幼虫300条,感染后11-28d每天尾静脉采血,分离血清,应用旋毛虫肌幼虫ES抗原ELISA检测血清抗体水平。结果小鼠感染旋毛虫后11d血清抗体阳性率为8．33％（1／12）,感染后14d、20d的抗体阳性率分别升至16．67％（2／12）与58．33％（7／12）。感染后24d抗体阳性率达100％（12／12）并持续至实验结束时的28d。小鼠感染旋毛虫后的血清抗体阳性率与感染后时间有显著的相关性（r=0．984,P〈0．05）;血清抗体水平随感染后时间的延长而升高（F=177．427,P〈0．05）。结论小鼠感染旋毛虫后血清抗体水平随感染后时间的延长而升高,感染小鼠全部检出抗旋毛虫抗体的时间为感染后24d。     

皮内试验和间接荧光抗体试验诊断并殖吸虫病的初步研究

应用并殖吸虫成虫可溶性抗原对8例并殖吸虫病患者进行皮内试验,其中7例为阳性反应。应用并殖吸虫成虫冰冻切片间接荧光抗体试验(IFAT),对并殖吸虫病、其它寄生虫病及非流行区正常人血清进行检测井殖吸虫抗体,结果:8份该病患者血清IFAT均为阳性反应,囊虫病患者血清7份及脑脊液2份,蛔虫病、丝虫病、华枝睾吸虫病患者血清各2份,非流行区正常人血清16份,IFAT均为阴性反应;旋毛虫病患者血清15份中,14份IFAT呈阴性反应,另一份IFAT为弱阳性反应。     

酶联免疫吸附试验、间接荧光抗体试验、间接免疫过氧化物酶染色试验诊断人体旋毛虫病的初步研究

用ELISA、IFA和IIP试验检测11例旋毛虫病人血清特异性抗体,阳性率分别为72.72％、81.82％和81.82%。它们之间无统计学差异,3项试验结果间存在良好一致性。 同时检测了30份健康献血员血清和20例其他寄生虫病人血清(包括华支睾吸虫病、四川肺吸虫病、日本血吸虫病、包虫病和阿米巴肝脓肿),旋毛虫病人组的ELISA、IFA和IIP阳性率明显为高。 由于3项免疫学试验均具有较好的特异性和灵敏性,故可以单独或联合用于人体旋毛虫病的诊断和流行病学调查。     

Demonstration of antibodies to the chitin-binding mistletoe lectin (cbML) in tumor patients before and during therapy with an aqueous mistletoe extract

Mistletoe extracts exert immunomodulatory properties in vivo and in vitro, and these effects have been related mainly to mistletoe lectin 1 (ML-1). Recently, a new chitin-binding mistletoe lectin (cbML) has been isolated and structurally characterized in these extracts. Aim of the present study was, therefore, to evaluate whether this cbML also affects immunocompetent cells and can for instance activate B-cells to produce anti-cbML-specific antibodies. Sera from patients with different tumors who were treated with the mistletoe extract ABNOBAviscum Mali (AM) 4 for at least 18 weeks were analysed before therapy and after 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 weeks. Sera were tested by ELISA against ML-1, -3, and cbML, isolated from a single mistletoe plant collected from an apple tree (Malus domestica). Eight of the 26 patients (31%) had IgG anti-cbML antibodies already before therapy, while only four had anti-ML-1 and -3 antibodies. Of the 18 anti-cbML negative patients before therapy 54% developed these antibodies during therapy, and there was a significant increase in anti-cbML antibody titers. In contrast, anti-ML-1 or -3-antibodies developed in almost 100% of the 25 patients being negative before therapy. These data indicate that cbML can induce immunological responses in patients treated with mistletoe extracts, although it seems to have lower antigenicity. Interestingly, anti-cbML antibodies can be observed in a low incidence also in individuals, not having yet received mistletoe therapy.     

琼脂凝胶双扩散试验诊断旋毛虫病的研究

本文应用琼脂凝胶双扩散试验检测旋毛虫实验感染的家兔及大白鼠血清,抗体阳性率分别为100%(8/8)和84.62%(11/13),检测旋毛虫病人血清45份,抗体阳性率为91.11%(41/45),且与丝虫、肝吸虫、囊虫及正常人血清均无交叉反应.只有1例肺吸虫病人呈现假阳性反应。此外,旋毛虫病人经丙硫咪唑治疗后可提高旋毛虫抗体的检出率。该试验诊断旋毛虫病具有较高的敏感性和特异性,方法简便,可在基层单位应用。     

应用ELISA早期诊断旋毛虫病的实验研究

用旋毛虫肌肉内成囊期幼虫的盐水浸出液为抗原,用ELISA间接法检测实验家兔旋毛虫病的抗体反应动态。结果表明,1.检测21只病兔,灵敏度为95%,轻重感染组分别在感染后的第15,12天检出特异性抗体。2.检测43只健康家兔,特异度为95%;检测2只血吸虫病兔无交叉反应。3.抗旋毛虫幼虫的抗体可持续存在4个月。本法在旋毛虫病感染早期即可检出特异性抗体,故对本病的早期诊断是有意义的。     

应用快速-ELISA对旋毛虫病进行诊断和流行病学调查

应用旋毛虫幼虫溶解抗原,以快速-ELISA 法检测49例旋毛虫病人,全部皆为阳性;而100名正常人皆为阴性1105例其它9种寄生虫病人,仅日本血吸虫病人有交叉反应。并用此法对河南省新野县371例从事食品卫生工作人员和被宰杀的258头猪进行流行病学调查。证实该法具有较高的阳性符合率。对本试验的重复性、稳定和变异系数、存放时间、抗原经热处理等均进行了系统观察。用 Shewart控制图观察和控制试验结果。     

间接荧光抗体试验诊断泡球蚴病的研究

本文分别采用人肝细粒棘球蚴的囊壁切片和原头蚴石蜡切片两种抗原对52例泡球蚴病人、56例非泡球蚴病人和108例健康人进行了间接荧光抗体试验(IFA)。结果,对泡球蚴病人血清的敏感性均为100％,与酶联金葡菌A蛋白酶免疫吸附试验(PPA—ELISA)者相当;特异性分别为98.2％和98.8％,也与PPA—ELISA者相当,无显著差异。     

The use of immunofluorescence techniques for the laboratory diagnosis of transmissible gastroenteritis of swine.

Over a four year period, 74 of 250 field outbreaks of enteric disease (30%) and 110 of 440 swine (25%) were positive for transmissible gastroenteritis by immunofluorescence procedures. Of 141 swine from herds positive for transmissible gastroenteritis 110 (78%) were positive by fluorescent antibody techniques. The fastest, easiest to perform and most effective procedure was the examination of frozen sections of the jejunum from acutely ill animals by the fluorescent antibody tissue section technique. Only two herds were found to be positive by the fluorescent antibody tissue culture technique which were negative by fluorescent antibody tissue section technique. A considerable number of outbreaks, 21 of 74 (28%), of transmissible gastroenteritis were detected by immunofluorescence in swine over two weeks of age. The majority of outbreaks of transmissible gastroenteritis, 50 of 74 (68%), occurred in Missouri during the months of January through April and 63 of 74 (85%) during the months of December through May. The recurrence of the disease in a number of counties over a four-year period suggest the possibility of endemic foci.     

SEROEPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY OF EPIDEMIC HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME IN CHINA

Sera from 193 cases of epidemic hemorrhagic fever renal syndrome (EHFRS) and 173 normal persons and patients with other diseases in endemic and nonendemic areas were examined for immunofluorescent (IF) antibodies to Korean hemorrhagic fever (KHF) antigen by indirect immunofluorescent antibody (lFA) test. 76 0f 78 (97.4470) paired sera from EHFRS patients were KHF' antibody positive in l or both samples. Of 109 acute stage sera samples 81 (74.31To) were KHF IgM antibody positive whereas of 162 con- valescent sera samples 156 (96.2970) were KHF IgG antibody positive, indicating that the EHFRS agent is immunologically related, if not identical with KHF. The earliest date of IF IgM antibody ap- pearance was l day after onset of illness a.nd IF IgG antibodies could be found in the patient convalescent serum 16 years after the acute at- tack. There was no immunologic relationship between the EHFRS agent and Japanese B en- cephalitis (JBE) or influenza A3 viruses.