应用孤独症行为量表评定32例儿童孤独症

本科于 2 0 0 1～ 2 0 0 2年诊断 3 2例儿童孤独症 (也称自闭症 )。病例均来自于门诊 ,其中男 2 8例 ,女 6例 ;年龄 7个月～ 5岁 3 0例 ,～ 11岁 2例。其临床表现均符合自闭症诊断标准。全部病例采用孤独的行为量表 (简称ＡＢＣ量表 )进行评定 ,结果 :总分≥ 5 1分 2 3例 ,3 7～ 5 0分 9例 ;有感觉、交往、躯体、语言、自理能力异常者分别占 3 2、3 1、3 2、3 2、3 1例 ,其得分分别为 3～ 19、2～ 2 3、8～ 3 3、4～ 2 6、7～ 2 4分。孤独症是发生在儿童早期的具有特征行为的一种广泛发育障碍。其诊断标准摘自美国精神疾病第 4版。主要采用…     

儿童孤独症行为训练92例疗效分析

目的：探讨行为训练对儿童孤独症的治疗效果。方法：对92例孤独症惠儿，实施行为训练，采用CARS于训练前和训练结束后进行量表评定。结果：训练后患儿CARS人际关系、语言、行为障碍等均明显改善，有非常显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论：对孤独症患儿实施行为训练能帮助患儿减轻心身障碍，增强社会功能，降低残疾程度。     

儿童孤独症行为训练92例疗效分析

目的:探讨行为训练对儿童孤独症的治疗效果。方法:对92例孤独症患儿,实施行为训练,采用CARS于训练前和训练结束后进行量表评定。结果:训练后患儿CARS人际关系、语言、行为障碍等均明显改善,有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:对孤独症患儿实施行为训练能帮助患儿减轻心身障碍,增强社会功能,降低残疾程度。     

儿童孤独症行为训练92例疗效分析

目的探讨行为训练对儿童孤独症的治疗效果.方法对92例孤独症患儿,实施行为训练,采用CARS于训练前和训练结束后进行量表评定.结果训练后患儿CARS人际关系、语言、行为障碍等均明显改善,有非常显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论对孤独症患儿实施行为训练能帮助患儿减轻心身障碍,增强社会功能,降低残疾程度.     

24例儿童孤独症行为干预的效果观察

目的观察行为干预对儿童孤独症的治疗效果。方法对24例孤独症患儿实施行为训练,采用克氏孤独症行为量表（CABS）及孤独症儿童行为检查量表（ABC）于训练前及训练6个月进行量表评定。结果患儿在训练6个月后,CABS的13种目标行为有明显的改善（P〈0.01）,ABC得分差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论行为干预对改善孤独症患儿生活自理、躯体运动、感觉、交往、语言能力等具有不可代替的作用。     

低语言功能孤独症儿童操作类游戏活动中轮流交替互动行为研究

目的 分析特殊教育学校中低语言功能孤独症儿童在操作类游戏活动中轮流交替互动的典型行为及其发起和回应轮流交替互动表现,为其轮流交替互动行为的干预提供依据。     

应用游戏治疗提高孤独症儿童社交能力的个案研究

目的探讨提高孤独症患儿的社会交往能力的方法。方法报道1例孤独症儿童游戏治疗的方法和效果。结果和结论游戏治疗对提高孤独症儿童的社会交往能力有较好的效果。     

沙盘游戏联合综合干预治疗儿童孤独症的效果观察

目的:分析沙盘游戏联合综合干预在儿童孤独症治疗中的应用价值。方法:纳入孤独症患儿86例,分为观察组44例和对照组42例。对照组采用综合干预治疗,观察组加用沙盘游戏治疗。分别于治疗前、治疗3及6个月时采用孤独症儿童行为量表(ABC)评分、孤独症治疗评估量表(ATEC)评分以及儿童孤独症及相关发育障碍心理教育评定量表(C-PEP)评分进行评估。结果:治疗3及6个月后,2组ABC及ATEC评分均较治疗前呈明显下降趋势(均P 0. 05),且各时间点观察组ABC及ATEC评分均显著低于对照组(均P 0. 05); 2组治疗6个月后,CPEP各功能领域得分及其总分均明显高于对照组(P 0. 05)。Spearman相关性分析显示观察组患儿年龄与治疗效果存在负相关(r=-0. 524,P 0. 001)。结论:沙盘游戏联合综合干预对儿童孤独症患者的治疗效果明显优于单纯综合干预,且其治疗效果与年龄呈负相关,这对儿童孤独症的治疗具有一定的临床应用价值。     

孤独症儿童家庭情感康复训练的个案分析

目的：对1例孤独症儿童进行情感康复训练，从而为特殊教育工作者和患儿家长提供适当的建议。 方法：对1例孤独症患儿采用提高情感认知能力，无条件的建立良好的亲情关系，创设情感环境，采用适当的情感表达方式等综合干预措施1年。在研究开始和结束时，运用观察法、对比法、访谈法、调查问卷法对孤独症儿童的情感水平进行多方面的评定。 结果：孤独症患儿经过1年的康复训练后在面部表情、情感的认知与表达、对家人情感的关注以及与家人情感的分享等方面与干预前比较有明显的改善。 结论：运用多种康复训练的方法可以改善孤独症儿童的情感水平。     

个体化培训治疗儿童孤独症

Autismbelongtopervasivedevelopmentdisorders(PDDs).Thereareneuropsychiatricdisorderscharacterizedbypatternofdelayanddevianceinthedevelopmentofsocial,communicative,speechandlanguage,andbehavioralproblems.Theseconditionshavetheironsetinthefirstyearsoflife,disruptdiversedevelopmentalprocesses,andareoftenassociatedwithmentalretardation犤1犦.Kanner(1943)reported11casesandnamedearliest“InfantAutism”.Gillbergetal犤2犦reviewthearticles,theyfindthepreva-lencegettinghigher.Theprevalenceis0.02%before…     

rTMS结合脑电生物反馈对孤独症谱系障碍儿童刻板行为的疗效

目的:探讨重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)结合脑电生物反馈(NFB)对孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童刻板行为的疗效分析。方法:ASD儿童60例,随机分成4组各15例:对照组(常规康复训练),rTMS组(常规康复训练+rTMS),NFB组(常规康复训练+NFB),rTMS-NFB组(常规康复训练+rTMS+NFB,且NFB紧随rTMS之后),疗程12周,治疗前后用重复刻板行为量表(RBS-R)及孤独症行为检查量表(ABC)进行评估。结果:治疗12周后,4组RBS-R评分及ABC评分均较治疗前明显减少(均P0.05);且TMS组、NFB组、rTMS-NFB组RBS-R评分及ABC评分均明显低于对照组(均P0.05),rTMS-NFB组RBS-R评分及ABC评分均明显低于rTMS组及NFB组(均P0.05),rTMS组及NFB组RBS-R评分及ABC评分2组间比较差异无统计学意义。结论:常规康复训练、rTMS、NFB及rTMS-NFB对ASD儿童刻板行为的改善均有一定的促进作用;rTMS与NFB对其疗效相当;但rTMS-NFB的疗效明显优于rTMS、NFB单独治疗。     

孤独症儿童临床症状及母亲心理状况的应用行为分析干预效果

目的:探讨孤独症儿童母亲在专业人员指导下对患儿进行应用行为分析(ABA)干预对患儿临床症状和母亲心理状况的改善效果。方法:76名孤独症儿童母亲在专业人员指导下对患儿进行70dABA干预,在学期开始和结束时对患儿母亲进行医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)测试,并对患儿进行孤独症行为评定量表测量。结果:孤独症儿童的感觉、交往、运动、言语、自理能力均得到明显改善,但患儿母亲的焦虑、抑郁状况未能明显改善。孤独症女童交往能力和自理能力的改善效果优于男童;较大年龄患儿自理能力改善效果优于较小年龄患儿;父亲高中或中专、大学以上文化程度的患儿言语能力改善效果优于父亲初中及以下文化程度的患儿,家庭收入5000元/月的患儿言语能力和交往能力改善效果优于家庭收入3000—5000元/月的患儿。结论:增加患儿家庭的经济救助、加强患儿家长的康复培训也许有助于患儿临床症状的改善;需要探索有效干预孤独症儿童母亲心理状况的方法,帮助她们以健康良好的心理状况面对生活。     

不同气质类型孤独症谱系障碍儿童的行为问题与其家庭环境的研究

目的:比较不同气质类型孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorders,ASD)儿童的行为问题及家庭环境差异,深入探讨ASD儿童气质类型及家庭环境对其行为问题的影响,为ASD儿童临床诊断和早期家庭干预提供新思路.方法:选取2018年12月-2019年11月在佳木斯大学附属第三医院住院及门诊明确诊断的3...     

The effects of modeling and praise on self-initiated behavior across settings with two adolescent students with autism

The purpose of this research was to determine if modeling and verbal reinforcement (praise) could increase appropriate social and work-related behaviors of two high school adolescents with autism. The effects of modeling and praise were examined in school, work, and community environment of the participants. A multiple baseline design across skills and students was employed. Results indicated that modeling and praise were effective in increasing each student's appropriate social and work-related behaviors. Questionnaires administered to teachers, a job trainer, a communication disorder specialist, paraprofessionals, co-workers, and parents indicated positive change in each of the subject's behavior. These data suggest that a natural intervention, such as modeling and praise, may positively influence the inappropriate social and work related behaviors that are characteristic of adolescents with autism.     

An open-label trial of risperidone in children with autism

Background: Risperidone has potent effects on serotonin and dopamine neuronal systems, both of which have been implicated in the pathophysiology of autism. Risperidone is increasingly being used to treat specific symptoms in children with autism.Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of risperidone in young children with autism.Methods: In this single-site, 6-month, open-label study, young autistic children aged 3 to 7.5 years were administered risperidone 0.5 mg/d for 15 days and then 1 mg/d until 3 months; doses were thereafter individually adjusted to a maximum of 2 mg/d between the third and sixth month. The Clinical Global Impression—Severity of Illness (CGI-SI) scale, Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) were used to assess efficacy. The CGI-Adverse Effect scale and the Adverse Effect Checklist were used to assess the incidence and severity of adverse events.Results: A total of 20 children (mean age, 4.95 ± 1.18; range, 3-7.5 years) were enrolled; 16 completed the 6-month study. Two children were withdrawn due to noncompliance with the treatment protocol during the first month, and 2 children were withdrawn from the study during the first month because of marked agitation, anger, and aggression thought to be related to treatment. The mean dose of risperidone was 1.53 mg/d (range, 0.04-0.11 mg/kg per day). Thirteen of the 16 children (81%) demonstrated at least 1 grade improvement on CGI-SI scores. Mean total CARS score significantly decreased from 39.06 ± 6.23 to 32.03 ± 8.73 after 6 months (P = 0.001). Scores on 11 of the 15 subscales of the CARS showed significant improvement (P < 0.05). Four subjects experienced mild sedation, and 2 experienced weight gain of <10%. One child with mild sedation also experienced slight akathisia.Conclusion: In this population of young autistic children, risperidone had positive effects on most symptoms of autistic disorder. Additional double-blind, placebo-controlled studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of risperidone in the management of autism.     

应用多量表分析幼儿孤独症特点

目的：应用孤独症行为评定量表（ABC）、儿童期孤独症评定量表（CARS）及改良婴幼儿孤独症量表修正版（M-CHAT-R）分析孤独症幼儿（3岁以内）的行为及心理特点,并比较三种量表对幼儿孤独症的诊断价值。方法对孤独症幼儿20例用ABC、CARS及M-CHAT-R进行评估,另设非孤独症幼儿20例进行对照。结果20例孤独症幼儿中ABC得分≥68共3例,53≤得分＜68共7例,得分＜53共10例,阳性诊断率为50％;CARS得分≥37共5例,30≤得分＜37共8例,得分＜30共7例,阳性诊断率为65％;M-CHAT-R阳性例数为19例,诊断阳性率为95％。对照组三个量表阳性例数均为0。三个量表灵敏度、特异度、Youden指数分别为：ABC：50％,100％,0.5;CARS：65％,100％,0.65;M-CHAT-R：95％,100％,0.95。结论 ABC及CARS对幼儿孤独症诊断特异度好,灵敏度及可靠性不高,但有助于分析孤独症临床特征,为诊断、判断预后及治疗效果提供理论依据;M-CHAT-R是M-CHAT改良版,对幼儿孤独症诊断灵敏度、特异度及可靠性均较高,作为常规筛查有助于孤独症的早期诊断及治疗。