Comprehensive characterization of neutral and polar lipids of buttermilk from different sources and its milk fat globule membrane isolates

Buttermilk (BM) has recently received much attention as a source of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) due to its high polar lipid (PL) content, which gives it functional properties and health benefits. Nevertheless BM can be obtained from two different technological processes, i) the BM from the butter oil industry (BM1) and ii) BM from the butter manufacture (BM2). Neutral lipids (NL) and PL characterization from both BM and their MFGM isolated fractions have been qualitatively and quantitatively characterized including the individual phospho- and sphingolipids by HPLC-ELSD as well as triacylglycerols (TAG) and cholesterol and FAME by GC-FID. The results revealed that while BM (either from BM1 or BM2) had a PL fraction of 12–16 %, the MFGM isolated fraction contained about 40 % of PL with major presence of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM). Besides, MFGM showed a significant increase in the medium molecular weight TAG and cholesterol and almost two fold amount of PUFA content than BM due mainly to linoleic acid. The results of this study provide deeper information on the lipid composition of BM and MFGM isolated fractions of great importance for the design of dietary supplements with potential beneficial effects on human health.     

Blood pressure reduced by whole grain diet containing barley or whole wheat and brown rice in moderately hypercholesterolemic men

Whole grains have been reported to lower blood pressure, but results have been mixed. This report compares the effects of soluble and insoluble fibers on blood pressure in a whole grain diet. Twenty-one non-hypertensive men (28-62 yr) with elevated plasma cholesterol levels were selected for the study approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health. Men consumed a Step 1 diet for 2 wk. and then consumed diets with brown rice/whole wheat, barley, or a combination for 5 wk in a Latin square. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures did not change during the Step 1 diet, but were reduced by whole grains whether the fiber was predominantly soluble (barley) or insoluble (brown rice & whole wheat). Urinary excretion of phosphorus, and urea nitrogen were lower after consumption of the barley diet. Increasing whole grain foods in a healthy diet can reduce cardiovascular risk.     

Association of blood pressure with intake of soy products and other food groups in Japanese men and women

BACKGROUND: Soy diet has been suggested to have antihypertensive effect in animal studies. The present study examined the cross-sectional relationship between blood pressure and intake of soy products and other food groups in Japanese men and women. METHODS: Blood pressure was measured in Japanese 294 men and 330 women (246 premenopausal and 84 peri- and postmenopausal women) who participated in a health check-up program provided by a general hospital. Intake of various food groups and nutrients was estimated from a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: In men, soy product intake was inversely significantly correlated with diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.12, P = 0.04) after controlling for age, total energy, smoking status, body mass index, and intake of alcohol, salt and seaweeds. The correlation of soy product intake with systolic blood pressure was of borderline significance (r = -0.10, P = 0.09). Systolic blood pressure was inversely correlated with intake of vegetables (r = -0.12, P = 0.04) and dairy products (r = -0.12, P = 0.05). There were no significant correlations between soy product intake and diastolic blood pressure in women. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate a mild effect of soy intake on blood pressure reduction in men.     

血压测量次数对藏族青少年血压偏高检出率的影响分析

目的 分析血压测量次数对藏族青少年血压偏高检出率的影响,为规范血压测量次数,准确诊断青少年血压偏高提供科学依据。方法 数据来源于2018年8－9月在西藏自治区日喀则地区开展的“藏族青少年血压偏高影响因素调查”项目。采用方便分层整群抽样的方法,共纳入2 822名12~17岁藏族青少年,其中男生1 275人（占45.2%）。对所有研究对象进行连续3次血压测量,依据我国卫生行业标准——WS/T 610－2018《7岁~18岁儿童青少年血压偏高筛查界值》进行青少年血压偏高的诊断。采用方差分析和χ²检验分别探讨不同的测量次数及其组合对血压均值和血压偏高检出率的影响。结果 第1、2、3次的平均SBP和DBP值分别逐渐下降［SBP依次为（112.7±9.7）、（110.7±9.7）、（110.2±9.5）mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）;DBP依次为（62.7±8.2）、（61.1±8.5）、（60.6±8.5）mmHg;趋势检验P<0.001］。基于第1、2、3次血压值诊断的血压偏高检出率依次为12.8%、8.7%和7.9%（趋势检验P<0.001）。基于第2次血压值、基于第2、3次血压均值诊断的血压偏高检出率,差异无统计学意义（分别为8.7%和7.2%,P=0.039）。结论 随着血压测量次数的增加,青少年平均血压水平和血压偏高检出率逐渐下降。基于第2次血压测量值,足以用于筛查青少年血压偏高。     

The independent effect of habitual cigarette and coffee consumption on blood pressure

The authors investigated the possible relation between habitual cigarette and coffee consumption and blood pressure (BP) levels in 7506 men and 2095 women. The study population were managers and employees examined in northern Italy between 1986–1988. In particular, the hypothesis of a substantial independence between smoking-BP and coffee-BP was tested. BP levels were corrected for age, body mass index, physical activity, and alcohol consumption by analysis of covariance. Significantly, smoking was inversely related to BP, both in men (SBP, P < 0.001, DBP, P < 0.001) and women (SBP, P = 0.001, DBP, P = 0.012). In particular, the BP of non-smoking men, SBP/DBP, was 131.0/83.5, whereas in male smokers up to and over 20 cigarette/day, BP was 128.1/82.0 and 128.1/82.1 respectively. Coffee consumption was related to BP levels in men (SBP, P < 0.001; DBP, P = 0.009), but not in women (SBP, P = 0.320; DBP, P = 0.982). BP in male subjects was 131.3/83.5 in non-drinkers, 130.7/83.3 in those drinking 1–3 cups/day, 128.4/82.6 and 127.2/81.8 in drinkers of 4–5 and over 5 cups/day, respectively. No significant interactions were demonstrated, thus the relationship between habitual smoking and coffee consumption with BP appears to agree with an additive model.Corresponding author.     

Alcohol consumption and blood pressure: a comparison of native Japanese to American men

We compared the cross-sectional association of alcohol consumption with blood pressure in 810 Japanese men (JM) living in Tokyo and 946 white men (WM) living in New York. Mean systolic (JM and WM, p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (JM, p < 0.002; WM, p < 0.001) were associated with alcohol consumption in both groups. Compared to abstainers, the heaviest drinkers had the highest systolic (JM, p = 0.001; WM, p < 0.01) and diastolic (JM, p < 0.002; WM, p < 0.05) blood pressures. The relation of blood pressure to alcohol intake was J-shaped in the Americans, but linear in the Japanese. Exploratory analyses revealed that the J-shape may have been due to under-reporting of heavy alcohol ingestion by American abstainers. When abstainers were excluded, the relationships were similar in both the American and Japanese. The positive association between blood pressure and alcohol consumption persisted after adjustment for age, cigarette smoking, use of antihypertensive medications, body mass index, heart rate, abdominal skinfold thickness, hematocrit, fasting blood glucose, serum uric acid levels and urinary sodium/potassium ratio. Alcohol use was also related to prevalence of hypertension. These findings confirm the presence of an independent association between alcohol intake and blood pressure in both JM and WM and suggest that, despite differences in the metabolism of alcohol, the relation of alcohol consumption to blood pressure is similar in both nationalities.     

超重/肥胖成年人体脂与血压关联中血脂中介效应的分析

目的 探索超重/肥胖成年人体脂与血压关联中血脂的中介效应。方法 选取20~55岁超重/肥胖个体作为研究对象,测量其血压、血脂、体脂率指标,采用中介效应模型分析体脂率与血压关联中血脂的中介效应。结果 男性和女性体脂率与SBP、DBP均呈正相关(SBP: β值分别为0.208 3和0.188 4,DBP: β值分别为0.205 2和0.209 6,P值均<0.001)。男性体脂率与HDL-C水平呈负相关(β =-0.142 2,P<0.01),与LDL-C水平呈正相关(β =0.180 5,P<0.001);女性体脂率与TC、LDL-C水平均呈正相关(β值分别为0.172 1和0.233 5,P<0.001)。控制体脂率后,男女性TC、TG水平与DBP均呈正相关(男: β值分别为0.095 6和0.090 5,女: β值分别为0.117 6和0.083 1,P值均<0.05),且女性TG水平与SBP呈正相关(β =0.127 2,P<0.001);女性体脂率与DBP的关联中,LDL-C水平具有中介效应(中介效应值为0.019 4,P<0.05),中介效应百分比为9.26%。结论 体脂率与血压呈正相关,男性体脂率与血压关联中血脂无中介效应,女性体脂率与血压关联中LDL-C水平具有中介效应。     

妊娠合并亚临床甲减孕妇孕晚期血压及血压变异性

目的:探讨妊娠合并亚临床甲减孕妇孕晚期血压及血压变异性。方法:选取2016年1月-2019年1月本院收治的妊娠合并亚临床甲减孕妇280例为亚临床甲减组,同期规律孕检的正常妊娠女性280例为对照组。于孕晚期(孕34~36周)采用24h动态血压监测仪观察全天(24h)、白天(6:00-10:00)和夜间(22:00-次日6:00)血压。结果:亚临床甲减组促甲状腺素(TSH)和妊娠期高血压发生率高于对照组,游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)低于对照组,24h的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、收缩压变异系数(SCV)、舒张压变异系数(DCV)、收缩压标准差(SSD)以及舒张压标准差(DSD),白天及夜间的SBP、DBP、SCV、DCV、SSD、DSD均高于对照组(均P<0.05);亚临床甲减组24h的SBP、DBP、SCV、24hDCV、SSD、DSD均与TSH呈正相关(P<0.05),SBP、SCV、SSD、DSD均与FT3呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:妊娠合并亚临床甲减孕妇妊娠期高血压发生率高,血压及血压变异性较高,血压波动程度较大,临床应予以关注并及时干预治疗。     

舟山海岛地区孕妇妊娠期血红蛋白含量与血压的关系

目的  探讨舟山地区孕妇妊娠期血红蛋白含量与血压的关系,为妊娠期高血压的病因学研究提供科学依据。 方法  采用回顾性调查研究,对2017年1月~2018年6月期间在浙江省舟山市妇幼保健院进行围产保健的1 383名孕妇孕早、中、晚期的血红蛋白含量与血压进行监测,采用多元线性回归分析不同孕期血红蛋白含量与血压之间的关系。 结果  孕早、中、晚期贫血发生率分别为7.74%、25.45%和15.76%;多元线性回归显示,孕期血红蛋白水平对孕早、中、晚期收缩压均有影响,并且呈现出越早期血红蛋白水平对各期的收缩压影响明显。早期的血红蛋白水平的影响最大(β=0.10,P < 0.001),中期无统计学关联,晚期的影响其次(β=0.04,P=0.027)。血红蛋白水平与舒张压水平的变化趋势类似于其与收缩压之间的关系。 结论  妊娠期血红蛋白水平对孕早、中、晚期血压均有明显的影响,定期测量孕期血红蛋白水平,可以更好地改善孕产妇健康状况。     

Effect of lead on blood pressure in occupationally nonexposed men

To determine if low-level exposure to lead has an effect on arterial blood pressure, demographic and clinical data of a group of 507 males without any occupational exposure to lead were analyzed in a retrospective study. The following variables were included in the analysis: age, height, weight, nicotine consumption, alcohol intake, blood lead, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and erythrocyte count. The effects of the variables age, weight, height, alcohol intake, nicotine consumption, and blood lead on blood pressure were investigated by stepwise linear regression analysis. The diastolic as well as the systolic blood pressure was significantly influenced by Body Mass Index, age, and alcohol. A significant effect of lead could be found only for diastolic blood pressure. None of the possible interactions were significant enough to merit inclusion in the statistical model. Regarding the strength of the effects on diastolic blood pressure we find that lead ranks after age, weight. In conclusion, this study shows that lead has an effect on diastolic arterial blood pressure in a survey of a group of middle-aged, occupationally nonexposed men.     

舟山海岛地区孕妇妊娠期血红蛋白含量与血压的关系研究

目的探讨舟山群岛地区孕妇妊娠期血红蛋白含量与血压的关系,为妊娠期高血压疾病(PIH)的病因学研究提供科学依据。方法采用回顾性调查研究,对2017年1月-2018年6月期间在该院进行围产保健的1 383名孕妇孕早、中、晚期的血红蛋白含量与血压进行监测,采用多元线性回归分析不同孕期血红蛋白含量、贫血与血压之间的关系。结果孕早、中、晚期平均血红蛋白分别为(121.39±9.06)g/L、(113.89±8.09)g/L和(115.18±9.01)/L,相应的贫血发生率分别为10.77%、25.45%和21.40%,平均收缩压分别为(104.20±8.04)mm Hg、(106.39±7.37)mm Hg和(108.04±9.05)mm Hg;平均舒张压分别为(70.80±7.65)mm Hg、(73.88±7.52)mm Hg和(73.80±7.57)mm Hg。多元线性回归显示,孕期血红蛋白水平与孕期收缩压呈正相关,且孕早期的贫血或血红蛋白水平对各期的收缩压影响最大。对于孕晚期收缩压,孕早期血红蛋白水平的影响最大(β=0.10,P<0.001),而中、晚期血红蛋白水平的影响不明显;相应地,孕早期贫血对孕晚期收缩压的影响最大(β=-3.17,P<0.001),孕晚期贫血的影响相对较弱(β=-1.66,P=0.027),而与孕中期是否贫血无关。贫血或血红蛋白水平与舒张压水平的变化趋势类似于其与收缩压之间的关系,但舒张压基本只与同时期的血红蛋白水平或是否贫血有关,如孕晚期的舒张压只与孕晚期的血红蛋白水平有关(β=0.09,P=0.001),而与早期和中期的水平无关。结论妊娠期血红蛋白水平与孕早、中、晚期收缩压和舒张压均存在正相关,孕早期的血红蛋白水平对孕期收缩压的影响最大,而舒张压则与同时期的血红蛋白水平有关。通过定期测量孕期血红蛋白水平,可以指导临床医生更好地进行围产期保健,改善母婴预后。     

职业应激与动态血压参数的关系

目的 探讨职业应激与动态血压参数的关系.方法 从填写了有效问卷的电冰箱厂装配线生产工人中随机选择30名无高血压等疾病史的健康男性作为研究对象,使用付出-回报失衡模式、工作内容问卷和职业应激测量工具等问卷进行职业应激测评,使用便携式动态血压监测仪进行动态血压测定.使用t检验和多元逐步回归分析职业应激相关因素对动态血压参数的影响.结果 (1)职业应激因素中,角色冲突评分高者收缩压变异性、平均动脉压变异性和班后30min心率均高于评分低者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).技术利用评分高者班后30min收缩压均值高于评分低者,决定自由度评分高者舒张压变异性和心率变异性均值高于评分低者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).心理性工作需求评分高者收缩压变异性、舒张压变异性和平均动脉压变异性均高于评分低者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).外在付出评分高者心率血压乘积和收缩压变异性均值均高于评分低者.回报评分低者心率均值和班后30 min心率均值均高于评分低者.ERI高者班后30 min舒张压和心率均值均高于ERI低者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01).其余不同职业应激因素评分组间动态血压参数的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).(2)个性特征中,外控性评分高者舒张压均值和平均动脉压均值均低于评分低者.忍耐性评分高者班后30 min收缩压均值低于评分低者,组织归属感评分高者班后30 min心率均值低于评分低者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05).其余不同个性特征评分组间动态血压参数的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).(3)应激缓解因素中,控制策略评分高者心率变异性均值低于评分低者,上级支持评分低者心率血压乘积和平均动脉压变异性均高于评分高者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).其余不同缓解因素评分组间动态血压参数的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).(4)多元逐步同归分析结果表明,部分职业应激因素和每日紧张感、抑郁症状、心理卫生、负性情感对动态血压部分参数有较大预测力(R~2>0.05).结论 职业应激因素、个性特征、缓解因素和应激反应对动态血压存在影响;动态血压参数可用于现场研究中职业应激评价.     

Alcohol consumption and electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy and mediation by elevated blood pressure in older Chinese men: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study

Background

Chinese people have a markedly lower alcohol consumption than people in the West. Whether alcohol consumption at such levels is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy, and the role of blood pressure (BP) in this relationship is unclear. We investigated the association between alcohol consumption and electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (ECG-LVH) and the mediating role of BP in Chinese men aged ≥50 years.

Methods and results

A case–control analysis was conducted on baseline cross-sectional data from the community-based Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study (2003–2008), using standard 12-lead resting electrocardiograms. By comparing 191 new ECG-LVH cases with 4311 controls, excessive drinking (>210 g/week) showed excess risks for ECG-LVH (odds ratio [OR] = 1.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12–3.24), after adjusting for education, income, occupation, physical activity, smoking, body mass index, fasting glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, BP, and antihypertensive medication. Mediation analysis showed a significant mediating effect of BP on the association between excessive drinking and ECG-LVH: systolic (31%) and diastolic (16%). After multivariate adjustment, no significant association was found between occasional drinking (<once/week: OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.80–1.80) and moderate drinking (≥once/week to ≤210 g/week: OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.53–1.47) with increased/decreased risk of ECG-LVH.

Conclusions

Alcohol consumption at >210 g/week in Chinese men is an independent risk factor for ECG-LVH. Low power prevented us from examining whether drinking at <once/week to ≤210 g/week is associated with decreased/increased risk of ECG-LVH. Elevated BP partially mediates between alcohol and ECG-LVH. A Mendelian randomization approach with a large sample size is warranted to determine the relations among alcohol consumption, BP, and LVH.     

鄂南农村居民超重与肥胖对血压、血糖和血脂的影响

目的探讨超重与肥胖对血压、血糖和血脂水平的影响,为心血管病、糖尿病的防制提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段抽样方法,抽取鄂南农村居民1641例进行调查,测量身高、体重、腰围、臀围和血压,采集空腹静脉血测定血糖(FSG),血清总胆固醇(TC),甘油三脂(TG),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),用Friedwald’s公式计算低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)。对超重肥胖组和体重正常组血压、血糖、血脂进行比较。结果鄂南农村居民超重肥胖率为20.78%,超重肥胖组血压、FSG、TG及LDL-C水平高于体重正常组,而HDL-C水平低于体重正常组;超重肥胖组血压、FSG、TG及HDL-C异常检出率也高于体重正常组;相关分析显示,体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)与血压、FSG、TC、TG呈正相关,WHR与HDL-C呈负相关。结论超重肥胖与血压、血糖和血脂的异常密切相关,应控制超重和肥胖的发生。     

中国农村地区高血压患者果蔬摄入对血压进展的影响研究

目的  基于前瞻性队列研究探讨我国农村地区高血压患者果蔬摄入与血压进展的关系。 方法  中国代谢综合征社区干预研究暨中国家庭健康研究于2007-2008年开展基线调查,收集膳食、体力活动和血压等信息,并于2012-2015年进行随访调查。膳食资料采用食物频率问卷获取,按照研究对象总果蔬、水果和蔬菜摄入量是否达到推荐摄入水平和摄入量的四分位数分别进行分组。根据血压水平将高血压分为1级、2级和3级,随访期间高血压分级升高1级及以上则定义为血压进展。采用Logistic回归模型分析果蔬摄入与血压进展的关系。 结果  本研究纳入25 080例基线高血压患者,平均随访5.8年,共有4 112例高血压患者发生血压进展,进展率为16.4%。总果蔬摄入达标者较未达标者血压进展风险降低17%(OR=0.83,95% CI：0.77~0.90),蔬菜分析结果类似。以总果蔬摄入最低组(Q1)为参照,摄入量位于Q2~Q4组的ORs(95% CIs)值分别为0.86(0.78~0.95)、0.77(0.69~0.86)和0.69(0.61~0.77)(χ²_趋势=43.02, P < 0.001),水果和蔬菜分析结果相似。总果蔬和蔬菜摄入量每增加100 g/d血压进展风险分别下降4%(OR=0.96,95%CI：0.94~0.98)和5%(OR=0.95,95% CI：0.93~0.97),而水果与血压进展风险的关联无统计学意义(OR=0.97,95% CI：0.93~1.01)。 结论  增加果蔬摄入能够有效降低血压进展的风险,对高血压患者的健康管理具有积极作用。     

Marital differences in blood pressure and the risk of hypertension among Polish men

The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between marital status and blood pressure, and to assess the risk of hypertension in adult Polish men, after adjustment for BMI. Material comprised the data of 2,271 healthy men, aged 25–60, occupationally active inhabitants of Wroclaw (south-western Poland). Arterial hypertension was diagnosed when systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mm Hg. The following categories of marital status and educational level were applied: never married vs. currently married, and well-educated vs. poorly educated, respectively. The data on lifestyle elements were obtained from questionnaires. Multifactorial analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to compare mean values of SBP and DBP in married vs. never married in subsequent age categories with BMI as a covariate. Independent effects of marital status, life-style variables and body mass index (BMI) on the risk of hypertension in men were analysed using the multifactorial models of logistic regression. In our analysis an interesting epidemiological phenomenon was observed. Never married men had on average higher SBP and DBP than married men. Never married had also a higher risk of hypertension when compared to married men, even when adjusted for different demographic, socio-economic, life-style variables, and even that never married men had lower BMI than married subjects. Marital differences in psychological status (prolonged stress and low social support), dietary intake (mainly sodium and potassium intake) and economic aspects of living alone are suggested as factors, which might explain at least partly the marital diversity in blood pressure and the risk of hypertension in men.     

Daily kiwifruit consumption did not improve blood pressure and markers of cardiovascular function in men with hypercholesterolemia

Increasing fruit and vegetable consumption is a key lifestyle modification in the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Kiwifruit has previously been shown to have favorable effects on blood pressure (BP), likely through inhibiting angiotensin I–converting enzyme activity. We hypothesized that the replacement of 2 fruit servings in a healthy diet with 2 green kiwifruit a day would significantly improve BP and other markers of cardiovascular function, including heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance, in a group of hypercholesterolemic men. Using a controlled cross-over study design, 85 subjects completed a 4-week healthy diet run-in period before randomization to one of two 4-week intervention sequences in which they either consumed 2 green kiwifruit a day plus a healthy diet (intervention) or consumed a healthy diet alone (control). Blood pressure and other measures of cardiovascular function (using a Finometer MIDI [Finapres Medical Systems B.V, Amsterdam, The Netherlands] and standard oscillometric device) and anthropometric measurements were taken before and at the end of the treatment periods. A physical activity questionnaire was completed during the last visit. Subjects were found to be predominantly normotensive (43.5%) or prehypertensive (50.6%) and quite physically active (>30 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity/day in >80% subjects). No significant differences were seen for BP or any of the other markers, including heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance. In conclusion, in this hypercholesterolemic, nonhypertensive group, no beneficial effects on BP or other markers of cardiovascular function were seen when consuming 2 kiwifruit a day against the background of a healthy diet.     

腰围水平对血压、血糖及血脂水平的影响

目的分析腰围水平对血压、血糖及血脂水平的影响。方法利用2010年江苏省慢性病及其危险因素监测项目调查数据,根据四分位数将腰围分为4个水平,分析不同腰围水平的血压、血糖、血脂分布情况及相应慢性病的患病情况,通过非条件logistic回归分析不同腰围水平的慢性病患病风险。结果 SBP、DBP、FBG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、TG的水平均随腰围水平的上升而上升;高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常的粗患病率也均随腰围水平的升高而升高,腰围是上述指标异常的独立危险因素,且其危险比(OR)随腰围水平的升高而持续增大。结论腰围是高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常的独立危险因素。倡导在健康体重前提下保持尽可能低的腰围水平,有助于控制慢病流行。     

Habitual coffee consumption and blood pressure: A study of self-defense officials in Japan

The study aims to examine the relationship between habitual coffee consumption and blood pressure. The subjects were 3336 male self-defense officials aged 48–56 years, who received a preretirement health examination at the Self-Defense Forces Fukuoka Hospital between October 1986 and December 1992. Average coffee intake in the past year was ascertained by a self-administered questionnaire. A significant inverse relation between habitual coffee consumption and blood pressure was found with and without adjustment for alcohol use, cigarette smoking, body mass index, glucose tolerance, and green tea intake. Green tea, another major source of caffeine intake in Japanese, was unrelated to blood pressure. The adjusted mean differences per cup of coffee consumed per day were –0.6 mmHg (95% confident interval [CI]: –0.9 to –0.3, p=0.0001) in systolic blood pressure and –0.4 mmHg (95% CI: –0.5 to –0.2, p=0.0002) in diastolic blood pressure. Habitual coffee drinkers had lower blood pressure than non-drinkers at any levels of alcohol use, cigarette smoking, obesity, and glucose intolerance. Our findings consolidate the previous observation that habitual coffee consumption was associated with lower blood pressure.     

驻戈壁某部军人应激状态与血压、血糖和血脂相关性的研究

目的探讨驻守戈壁某部军人应激状态与血压、血糖和血脂的关系。方法选择驻守戈壁的某部军人847人进行横断面研究,采用90项症状自评量表（SCL-90）、特质应对方式问卷（TCSQ）[包括消极应对（NC）和积极应对（PC）]和领悟社会支持量表（PSSS）评估其应激状态,测量血压、血糖、血脂相关项目,分别以NC、PC、领悟社会支持程度（PSS）和SCL-90作为解释变量,SBP、DBP、FPG、OG3T2hPG、TC、lgTG、LDL—C和HDL—C作为反应变量,进行直线回归分析。结果研究对象SCL-90总分高于SCL-90中国成人常模（P〈0．01）。直线回归分析显示：NC与FPG、OGTT2hPG、TC、lgTG和LDL—C存在线性回归关系（P〈0．05）,PC与FPG存在线性回归关系（P〈0．05）,SCL-90与SBP、DBP、OGTT2hPG、TC、lgTG和LDL—C存在线性回归关系（P〈0．05）。多元逐步回归分析显示：NC与TC、LDL—C有线性回归关系（β=0．013、0．008）,PC与FPG有线性回归关系（β=-0．006）,SCL-90与SBP、OGTT2hPG、TC、lgTG、LDL—C有线性回归关系（β=0．014、0．002、0．002、0001、0．001）。结论应激状态是高血压、高血糖和高血脂的一项重要危险因素。