成都市社区女性乳腺癌认知及乳腺自检行为调查分析

目的 调查了解成都市社区女性乳腺癌相关知识知晓情况及乳腺自检行为现状,分析影响乳腺自检行为的因素,为制定和实施提高女性乳腺癌相关知识水平和促进乳腺检查行为的措施提供参考依据。方法 采用两阶段随机抽样方法,抽取成都市社区1 541名年满15岁且未诊断乳腺癌的女性进行问卷调查。使用方法包括描述性分析、χ2检验、非条件二分类logistic回归分析。结果 调查女性乳腺癌知识的总知晓率为29.3%(10 848/36 984),做过乳腺自检的女性仅占25.5%(393/1 541)。乳腺自检行为受到年龄（45～59岁OR=2.436,95%CI:1.343～4.419;≥60岁OR=2.327,95%CI:1.181～4.582）、文化程度（高中/技校/中专OR=3.169,95%CI:1.777～5.653;大专OR=2.842,95%CI:1.526～5.293;本科及以上OR=3.752,95%CI:2.009～7.007）、获取乳腺癌知识的主动性（OR=3.905,95%CI:2.483～6.141）及乳腺癌认知水平（OR=1.186,95%CI:1.148～1.225）的影响。结论 ...     

河南省孕妇产前筛查影响因素分析

目的 了解影响河南省孕妇产前筛查的影响因素,为提高产前筛查率、预防新生儿出生缺陷提供建议。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法分析2013年8月以后有分娩经历的共1 278名15～64岁孕妇利用产前筛查服务的影响因素,其中单因素分析采用χ2检验,多因素分析采用二元logistic回归分析。结果 本研究共纳入调查对象1 278名,其中1 089人接受过产前筛查服务,占比85.21%。二分类logistic回归分析结果显示,城乡性质（OR = 0.438,95%CI:0.303～0.633）、家庭人均年收入（OR = 1.221,95%CI:1.052～1.416）、1年内是否住院（OR = 2.235,95%CI:1.414～3.532）、1年内是否做过宫颈癌筛查（OR = 2.009,95%CI:1.192～3.384）、生育数量（OR = 0.516,95%CI:0.397～0.671）、产检次数（OR = 2.065,95%CI:1.535～2.776）对于是否进行产前筛查有影响（P＜0.05）,模型拟合状况良好。结论 自2017年以来河南省免费产前筛查工作取得一定成效,但仍未实现省内免费筛查项目全面覆盖,建议通过加强资金投入、提高医务人员水平、加大宣传力度等推动产前筛查工作进一步发展。     

郑州地区≥20岁女性卵巢癌筛查行为及影响因素分析

目的 分析郑州地区女性卵巢癌筛查行为情况及探讨影响该人群进行筛查的影响因素,为政策制定提供科学依据。方法 2019年6月采用方便抽样方法在郑州市12个下辖行政区内各选择1家社区卫生服务站,在抽中的社区卫生服务站中招募自愿接受调查的≥20岁女性居民进行卵巢癌筛查行为及相关因素的问卷调查,采用描述性分析方法对该人群筛查行为情况进行分析,并对其影响因素进行单、多因素分析。结果 718名女性年龄20～67岁,<60岁人群占66.85%,≥60岁人群占33.15%。有60.17%(432人)从未参加过卵巢癌筛查,有39.83%(286人)曾参加过卵巢癌筛查。做过卵巢超声、做过卵巢查体、做过卵巢X线检查中任意1项的调查对象比例为39.83%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示年龄为40～59岁（OR=5.839）、文化程度为高中及以上（OR=6.014）、婚姻状况为已婚（OR=3.276）、收入水平较高（OR=5.317）、掌握相关知识（OR=5.426）、职业为医务工作人员（OR=5.613）、医疗方式为保险（OR=3.031）、知道卵巢癌（OR=1.318）、认为卵巢癌可防治（OR=...     

2017—2020年江苏省40岁及以上常住居民脑卒中检出情况及危险因素分析

目的 分析江苏省9市40岁及以上常住居民脑卒中及其主要危险因素的流行情况，为江苏省脑卒中防控提供数据支撑。方法 数据来源于2017—2020年在江苏省9个设区市11个项目点开展的脑卒中高危人群筛查和干预项目，采用多阶段随机抽样的方法，共124 131名40岁及以上常住居民纳入分析，采用χ2检验比较不同特征人群脑卒中检出率，采用多因素logistic回归模型分析脑卒中影响因素并计算人群归因危险度。结果 124 131名调查对象中，3 641人患脑卒中，检出率为2.93%（标化检出率2.50%），其中男性高于女性（3.40%vs. 2.59%），城市高于农村（3.25%vs. 1.88%），随着年龄增长，检出率呈上升趋势（χ2趋势=1 902.530,P<0.001）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，高血压（OR=2.84, 95%CI:2.60～3.10）、脑卒中家族史（OR=2.47, 95%CI:2.26～2.69）、心房颤动（OR=2.12, 95%CI:1.73～2.56）、血脂异常（OR=1.42, 95%CI:1.33～2.52）、糖尿病（OR=1.38, 95%C...     

苏州市40岁以上女性乳腺癌筛查现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解苏州市40岁以上女性乳腺癌筛查现状,分析乳腺筛查行为的影响因素。方法 调查苏州市40岁以上未患过乳腺相关疾病女性的基本情况和乳腺癌筛查情况,结合健康信念模式（感知易感性、感知严重性、感知利益、感知障碍、自我效能）分析乳腺筛查的影响因素。结果 共644名女性完成调查,乳腺自我检查率为63.8%、临床检查率为44.7%、B超检查率为36.6%、X线筛检率为22.4%。健康信念模式中,感知利益得分最高,为（3.83±0.51）分,感知易感性得分最低,为（2.73±0.88）分。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄50～59岁（与40～49岁相比）、家庭收入≥10 000元（与＜5 000元相比）、教育程度较高、感知易感性、自我效能得分较高、亲友曾患乳腺癌的女性更易接受乳腺筛查（P＜0.05）。结论 苏州市40岁以上女性乳腺癌筛查率较低,应加强对乳腺癌早期筛查知识的宣传和教育,提高感知易感性和自我效能。     

重庆市男男性行为人群异性性行为特征及影响因素分析

目的 了解男男性行为人群（men who have sex with men, MSM）异性性行为特征及影响因素。方法 采用方便抽样的方式,由社会组织招募前来寻求自愿咨询检测服务的MSM进行匿名问卷调查,采用多因素logistic回归模型对该人群异性性行为进行影响因素分析。结果 本研究共对1 151例MSM进行调查。17.8%的调查对象报告近6个月与异性发生过性行为,调查对象梅毒和HIV感染率分别为12.6%和16.8%。多因素logistic回归结果显示,年龄＞35岁（OR = 2.524, 95%CI: 1.243～5.126）、婚姻状态为已婚/同居（OR = 5.827, 95%CI: 3.318～10.234）、性取向为双性恋（OR = 29.937, 95%CI: 15.312～58.531）/不确定（OR = 18.233, 95%CI: 7.511～44.264）、首次性行为对象为女性（OR = 2.450, 95%CI: 1.439～4.172）、近6个月发生过商业性行为（OR = 7.804, 95%CI: 3.679～16.551）、近6个月使用新型毒品（OR = 0.435, 95%CI: 0.208～0.909）及HIV感染（OR = 0.528, 95%CI: 0.285～0.979）与MSM近6个月发生异性性行为存在统计学关联（P＜0.05）。结论 重庆市MSM中异性性行为者比例较大,鉴于该人群梅毒及HIV感染率高,应将有异性性行为的MSM作为重点干预对象,通过健康教育及行为干预等方式促进其采取安全性行为,以减少HIV和其他性传播疾病由该人群向一般女性传播。     

襄阳市良性乳腺疾病和乳腺癌现况及影响因素分析

目的了解湖北省襄阳市适龄妇女良性乳腺疾病和乳腺癌的流行情况及影响因素,为乳腺相关疾病的防控提供依据。方法襄阳市于2017年对辖区12个市县区的适龄妇女进行乳腺癌筛查并收集了筛查人群的流行病学资料,计算良性乳腺疾病及乳腺癌的检出率,使用Logistic回归分析影响良性乳腺疾病及乳腺癌的因素。结果共有316524名妇女参与了乳腺癌筛查,检出良性乳腺疾病44097例(13.93%),乳腺癌80例(25.27/10万)。良性乳腺疾病的主要危险因素是:年龄30~49岁,以49岁以上妇女为参照,OR=1.26,95%CI:1.21~1.30;文化程度高中及以上,以初中及以下为参照,OR=2.15,95%CI:2.10~2.20;有乳腺癌家族史,OR=1.72,95%CI:1.51~1.96;其他女性生殖系统肿瘤家族史,OR=2.05,95%CI:1.77~2.37;初潮年龄<12岁,OR=1.42,95%CI:1.37~1.48;月经持续时间<4天,OR=1.32,95%CI:1.26~1.39;月经周期<21天,OR=1.21,95%CI:1.01~1.45;月经周期>35天,OR=1.35,95%CI:1.18~1.54;绝经,OR=2.02,95%CI:1.88~2.17;绝经后使用雌激素治疗,OR=1.40,95%CI:1.12~1.75;孕次>3次,OR=1.16,95%CI:1.13~1.19;初产年龄>29岁,OR=1.11,95%CI:1.05~1.18。乳腺癌的主要危险因素:有乳腺癌家族史,OR=10.17,95%CI:3.67~28.17;年龄,随着年龄的增加,乳腺癌的发病风险增高,OR=1.39,95%CI:1.20~1.61;文化程度为高中及以上,以初中及以下为参照,OR=1.83,95%CI:1.11~3.01;而初产年龄<25岁则是乳腺癌的保护因素,OR=0.53,95%CI:0.33~0.84。结论襄阳市乳腺癌和良性乳腺疾病的发病率居于中等水平。积极控制高危因素、定期筛查并及时治疗乳腺相关疾病,有助于降低乳腺癌的疾病负担,提升妇女的健康质量。     

2013—2018年安徽省淮河流域肝癌早诊早治项目高危人群肝癌检出率及相关因素分析

目的 了解2013—2018年安徽省淮河流域肝癌早诊早治项目高危人群肝癌检出率及相关因素。方法 于2013—2018年,在安徽省淮河流域6个区(县)采用整群抽样的方法选取当地乡或村中35～64岁常住居民,通过健康因素调查问卷和乙肝表面抗原检测评估出肝癌高危人群。其中34 957名居民参与了后续腹部B超检查和血清甲胎蛋白检测联合筛查。采用χ²检验和logistic回归模型分析肝癌检出率的相关因素。结果 在34 957名肝癌筛查参与者中,共检出肝癌182例,检出率为0.52%。多因素回归模型显示：女性(OR=0.435,95%CI:0.307～0.616)、35～40岁组(OR=0.135,95%CI:0.032～0.561)、41～50岁组(OR=0.618,95%CI:0.413～0.925)、超重(OR=0.712,95%CI:0.522～0.973)和肥胖(OR=0.390,95%CI:0.207～0.735)的人群肝癌检出率更低;与未患肝硬化和HBsAg检测阴性组相比,仅有肝硬化(OR=7.250,95%CI:5.142～10.221)、仅HBsAg检测阳性...     

安徽省2020年14个县（区）成年居民冠心病患病现状及其相关影响因素分析

目的 通过对安徽省成年居民的自报冠心病患病现状以及相关生活行为方式的调查,了解当地成年居民冠心病患病率及相关影响因素,为相关部门提供促进健康和预防冠心病的思路与对策。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取安徽省18岁以上成年居民进行问卷调查,调查居民冠心病现患水平和健康行为生活方式。分别采用χ2检验和多因素二元logistic回归分析对冠心病患病率进行差异性分析和影响因素分析。结果 共调查8 279人。男性4 255人,占51.4%;女性4 024人,占48.6%。自报冠心病病例325例,患病率为3.9%,其中男性患病率为3.9%,女性患病率为4.0%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,60岁以上（OR=12.975,95%CI:4.062～41.444）、偏瘦（OR=2.800,95%CI:1.824～4.299）、具有冠心病家族史（OR=4.416,95%CI:2.950～6.608）、睡眠质量差（OR=1.693,95%CI:1.184～2.421）和患高血压（OR=4.257,95%CI:3.251～5.576）是安徽省成年居民冠心病患病的危险因素。结论 安徽省成年居民...     

基于安德森卫生服务利用行为模型的济南市乳腺癌患者预防 保健及卫生服务利用的影响因素分析

目的 利用安德森卫生服务利用行为模型分析济南市乳腺癌筛查卫生服务利用的影响因素。方法 针对济南市1 824例适龄女性进行问卷调查，从倾向特征、使能资源、需求因素及健康行为等方面，分析乳腺癌筛查卫生服务利用的影响因素。结果 在此研究中，乳腺癌筛查服务利用率为65.46%。多因素logistic回归分析显示：乳腺癌服务利用更多见于城镇[OR=0.606,95%CI(0.451,0.814)]、高中以上学历[高中/大专：OR=5.624,95%CI(1.872,16.89);本科及以上：OR=7.001,95%CI(2.239,21.893)]、在业[OR=0.284,95%CI(0.108,0.751)]、愿意主动接受筛查[OR=0.593,95%CI(0.437,0.805)]、听说过两癌筛查[OR=0.129,95%CI(0.072,0.232)]、家庭总收入8万以下[OR=1.081,95%CI(0.78,1.499)]、患慢病[OR=0.622,95%CI(0.394,0.982)]、使用雌激素类药物组[OR=0.241,95%CI(0.092,0.631)]。结论 倾向特征、使能...     

Predisposing and Enabling Factors Associated with Mammography Use Among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Women Living in a Rural Area

ABSTRACT:  Context: Women who do not receive regular mammograms are more likely than others to have breast cancer diagnosed at an advanced stage. Purpose: To examine predisposing and enabling factors associated with mammography use among Hispanic and non-Hispanic White women. Methods: Baseline data were used from a larger study on cancer prevention in rural Washington state. In a sample of 20 communities, 537 women formed the sample for this study. The main outcomes were ever having had a mammogram and having had a mammogram within the past 2 years. Findings: Reporting ever having had a mammogram was inversely associated with lack of health insurance (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.16-0.84), ages under 50 years (OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.12-0.45), high cost of exams (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.27-0.87), and lack of mammography knowledge (OR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.07-0.37), while increasing education levels were positively associated (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.09-2.70). Reporting mammography use within the past 2 years was inversely associated with ages under 50 years (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.27-0.88) and over 70 years (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.24-0.94), lack of health insurance (OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.10-0.50), and high cost of exams (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.35-0.87). Conclusions: Continued resources and programs for cancer screening are needed to improve mammography participation among women without health insurance or low levels of education.     

Women's perception of the benefits of mammography screening: population-based survey in four countries

BACKGROUND: Screening programmes are often actively promoted to achieve high coverage, which may result in unrealistic expectations. We examined women's understanding of the likely benefits of mammography screening. METHODS: Telephone survey of random samples of the female population aged > or =15 years in the US, UK, Italy, and Switzerland using three closed questions on the expected benefits of mammography screening. RESULTS: A total of 5964 women were contacted and 4140 women (69%) participated. Misconceptions were widespread: a majority of women believed that screening prevents or reduces the risk of contracting breast cancer (68%), that screening at least halves breast cancer mortality (62%), and that 10 years of regular screening will prevent 10 or more breast cancer deaths per 1000 women (75%). In multivariate analysis higher number of correct answers was positively associated with higher educational status (odds ratio [OR] = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.66) and negatively with having had a mammography in the last 2 years (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.73, 1.01). Compared with US women (reference group) and Swiss women (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.82, 1.18) respondents in Italy (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.74) and the UK (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.60, 0.88) gave fewer correct answers. CONCLUSION: In the US and three European countries a high proportion of women overestimated the benefits that can be expected from screening mammography. This finding raises doubts on informed consent procedures within breast cancer screening programmes.     

2013—2018年安徽省淮河流域胃癌高危人群内镜筛查参与率及其影响因素分析

目的 研究2013—2018年安徽省淮河流域胃癌高危人群的内镜筛查参与率,探讨可能的影响因素。方法 2013—2018年,在安徽省淮河流域癌症早诊早治项目覆盖的6个地区,采用整群抽样方法,面向40~69岁常住居民,进行健康因素问卷调查和胃癌风险评估,对评估出胃癌高危人群进行内镜筛查,采用χ²检验比较不同特征对象内镜筛查参与率的差异,采用多因素logistic回归模型分析内镜筛查参与率的影响因素。结果 共纳入胃癌高危人群70 927人,其中32 170人接受内镜筛查,总体参与率为45.36%。内镜筛查的参与率存在着显著的时间（χ² = 651.193,P＜0.001）和地区（χ² = 4 799.975,P＜0.001）差异。多因素logistic回归分析显示,女性（OR = 1.27,95%CI:1.22～1.32）、年龄偏大（50～59岁:OR = 1.29,95%CI:1.24～1.34;60～69岁:OR = 1.37,95%CI:1.32～1.43）、大专及以上学历（OR = 1.66,95%CI:1.46～1.90）、离异（OR = 1.43,95%CI:1.27～1.62）、丧偶（OR = 1.12,95%CI:1.03～1.23）、家庭年均收入高（＞10 000～30 000元:OR = 1.46,95%CI:1.41～1.52;＞30 000～50 000元:OR = 1.43,95%CI:1.36～1.50;＞50 000元:OR = 1.24,95%CI:1.16～1.31）、饮用未处理水源（浅表水:OR = 1.33,95%CI:1.27～1.38;深井水/泉水:OR = 1.31,95%CI:1.24～1.37）、不吸烟（OR = 1.27,95%CI:1.21～1.33）、不饮酒（OR = 1.17,95%CI:1.11～1.22）、有消化系统疾病史（1种:OR = 1.32,95%CI:1.27～1.37;2种:OR = 1.93,95%CI:1.81～2.06;3种及以上:OR = 2.47,95%CI:2.17～2.81）和有胃癌家族史（OR = 1.27,95%CI:1.17～1.37）的人群接受内镜筛查参与率较高。结论 胃癌高危人群内镜筛查参与率仍有待提高,研究结果将为今后制定有效的基于人群的胃癌筛查策略提供重要参考。     

Relation between insulin resistance and breast cancer among Chilean women

PURPOSE: In Chile, diabetes and breast cancer are important public health problems. The association between insulin resistance and breast cancer, however, remains largely unexplored. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study to assess the relationship of insulin resistance (IR) and breast cancer in Chilean premenopausal and postmenopausal women. We compared 170 women, 33 to 86 years old, with incident breast cancer and 170 normal mammography controls, matched by 5-year age interval. Plasmatic insulin and glucose were measured and IR was calculated by the homeostasis model assessment method. Anthropometric measurements and sociodemographic and behavioral data were also collected. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by multivariable conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: IR was independently associated with breast cancer in postmenopausal women (OR = 2.70, 95%CI = 1.10-6.63), but not in premenopausal women (OR = 0.84, 95%CI = 0.20-3.52). Obesity was not associated with breast cancer at any age (OR = 0.68, 95%CI = 0.39-1.20). CONCLUSION: In this sample, IR increased the risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women.     

Attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge as predictors of nonattendance in a Swedish population-based mammography screening program

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of mammography screening could be improved if factors that influence nonattendance were better understood. METHODS: We examined attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge in relation to nonattendance in a population-based mammography screening program, using a case-control design. Data were collected from November 1997 to March 1998 through telephone interviews with 434 nonattenders and 515 attenders identified in a population-based mammography register in central Sweden. The questions asked drew primarily upon the components constituting the Health Belief Model. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis showed that nonattendance was most common among women within the highest quartile of perceived emotional barriers, compared to women within the lowest quartile (OR = 4.81; 95% CI 2.96-7.82). Women who worried most about breast cancer were more likely to attend than those who worried least (OR = 0.09; 95% CI 0.02-0.31). Women with the highest scores of perceived benefits were more likely to attend than women with the lowest ones (OR = 0.35; 95% CI 0.08-0.75). Other factors associated with nonattendance were less knowledge about mammography and breast cancer, lack of advice from a health professional to participate, and very poor trust in health care. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that increased participation in outreach mammography screening programs can be achieved through enhancement of breast cancer awareness and possibly by reducing some of the modifiable barriers. mammography; mass screening; breast cancer; attitudes; Sweden.     

The influence of breast self-examination on subsequent mammography participation

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated whether breast self-examination (BSE) influences subsequent mammography participation. METHODS: We evaluated associations between BSE and subsequent mammography participation, adjusting for baseline screening behaviors and sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle characteristics, among women aged 40 years and older using data from the longitudinal Canadian National Population Health Survey. RESULTS: Regular performance of BSE at baseline was not associated with receipt of a recent mammogram at follow-up among all women (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI]= 0.75, 1.35) or with mammography uptake among the subgroup of women reporting never use at baseline (adjusted OR=0.78; 95% CI=0.50, 1.22). CONCLUSIONS: The lack of association between performance of BSE and subsequent mammography participation suggests that not recommending BSE is unlikely to influence mammography participation.     

Cumulative false positive recall rate and association with participant related factors in a population based breast cancer screening programme

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cumulative false positive recall rate throughout the period of participation in a population based breast cancer screening programme and to examine its association with women related factors. DESIGN: Analysis of a database to estimate the cumulative false positive recall rate after 10 biennial mammograms in a cohort of women. Cumulative risk after 10 rounds was calculated by projecting forward the information available on the four rounds. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between the cumulative risk of false positive recall and women related factors. SETTING: Population based breast cancer screening programme in Barcelona City (Spain). PARTICIPANTS: 8502 women aged 50-69 years who participated in four consecutive screening rounds. Eligible women had received a mammogram in the first screening round between 1 December 1995 and 31 December 1996. MAIN RESULTS: The false positive recall rate in the first screening for women who entered the screening programme at the age of 50-51 years was assessed at 10.6% (95% CI 8.9, 12.3). In the second screening this risk decreased to 3.8% (95% CI 2.7, 4.9) and remained almost constant in subsequent rounds. After 10 mammograms, the cumulative false positive recall rate was estimated at 32.4% (95% CI 29.7, 35.1). The factors associated with a higher cumulative risk of false positive recall were: previous benign breast disease (OR = 8.48; CI 7.39, 9.73), perimenopausal status (OR = 1.62; CI 1.12, 2.34), body mass index above 27.3 (OR = 1.17; CI 1.02, 1.34), and age 50-54 years (OR = 1.15; CI 1.00, 1.31). CONCLUSIONS: One third of women could have at least one false positive recall over 10 biennial screens. Women participating in screening programmes should be informed about this risk, especially those with associated factors.     

Integración social y cribado del cáncer ginecológico de las mujeres inmigrantes en España

ObjectiveTo explore the association between immigrant status and performance of pap-smear and mammography, and to study the potential effect of social integration on that association.MethodSecondary analysis of the National Health Survey of Spain 2012. Individual data from 8944 women aged 18-75 were analyzed. Dependent variables were the performance of pap-smear tests and mammographies according to the guidelines of the state of residence. The level of integration in Spain was estimated through perceived social support (Duke-UNC scale) and the number of years living in Spain. Logistic regressions were used in order to obtain odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), adjusted for confounders (sociodemographic and health-status).ResultsCompared to natives, immigrant women were more likely to not adhere to cervical cancer screening (OR: 1.31; 95%CI: 1.06-1.63) or breast cancer screening (OR: = 3.13; 95%CI: 2.14-4.58). Additional adjustment by social support and length of residence in Spain attenuated the association, consequently losing statistical significance (OR: 1.08, 95%CI: .77-1.52 for pap-smear; OR: 1.62, 95%CI: .97-2.74 for mammographies).ConclusionsThe probability of participating in the screening programs for gynecological cancer was lower if women were born abroad. Perceived social support and time living in Spain of immigrant women explained to a large extent the differences between immigrants and natives