氯林可霉素药膜治疗急性局限型智齿冠周炎的随机对照研究

目的：对局部应用氯林可霉素药膜治疗急性局限型智齿冠周炎的结果进行临床观察和细菌学检测，以评价其在智齿冠周炎治疗中的意义。方法：用氯林可霉素为主要原料，明胶为基质研制成冠周炎药膜，并同常规的冲洗后导入碘甘油的传统疗法进行随机对照临床试验，分别于治疗后４ｄ进行细菌学检查。结果：药膜组和对照组检查结果经χ２统计处理（Ｐ＜０．０１），氯林可霉素药膜组疗效明显优于对照组。结论：表明氯林可霉素药膜治疗混合感染的智齿冠周炎有其独特作用。     

Effect of aloe vera mouthwash on dental plaque and gingivitis indices in children: A randomized controlled clinical trial

BackgroundThere is a tendency nowadays to encourage the use of natural substances in dentistry. Aloe vera is one of these substances, which has recently gained great importance in clinical research.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of Aloe vera mouthwash in improving plaque, gingival and gingival bleeding indices in children.Materials and methodsThe study sample consisted of (17) children [age: (8) to (12) years]. The crossover design was applied, which means that the three types of mouthwashes (experimental “Aloe vera”, positive control “chlorhexidine”, and negative control “placebo”) would be used for all participants, with a washout period of (12) days. A special plaque guard was fabricated to facilitate localized plaque accumulation for (3) days. After that period, the mouthwashes were applied for (5) days. Plaque, gingival and gingival bleeding indices were studied before plaque accumulation (T0), after plaque accumulation (T1), and after applying the mouthwashes (T2). The values of plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) were measured at each studied time point (T0, T1, and T2). Then, the differences between the values at the beginning of the use of each type of the mouthwashes and at the end of the period of there use were compared.ResultsThe results showed the efficacy of Aloe vera mouthwash in improving plaque, gingival and gingival bleeding indices, which was similar to chlorhexidine mouthwash effectiveness when both compared to the placebo mouthwash.ConclusionsThe use of Aloe vera mouthwash is effective in improving oral health and preventing gingivitis.     

An 8‐week,randomized, controlled,clinical study of the use of a 0.1% chlorhexidine mouthwash by chronic periodontitis patients

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of a 2‐week administration of a 0.1% chlorhexidine mouthwash in the short‐term treatment of chronic periodontitis patients and the impact of this product when administered twice by pocket irrigation. Methods: Sixty patients were enrolled in a single‐centre, placebo‐controlled, randomized study with the blind allocation of product to two parallel groups. Clinical assessments were performed, and samples from six selected subgingival sites were collected for microbial analysis by culture at baseline, D15 and D56. Three of the six sites were randomly selected and were treated by subgingival irrigation with the same 0.1% chlorhexidine product at D0 and D7. A subsequent statistical analysis was performed using the paired Student’s t‐test and Wilcoxon rank sum test for within‐group analyses; analysis of variance and the Kruskall–Wallis test were used for between‐group analyses. Results: Two‐week treatment with a 0.1% chlorhexidine mouthwash slightly reduced the gingival inflammation associated with periodontitis. We observed a significant decrease in Gram‐negative, facultative anaerobes and micro‐aerophiles, and a significant increase in Gram‐positive cocci. No increase in the treatment effect was demonstrated by irrigation of the periodontal pockets. Conclusion: The 0.1% chlorhexidine mouthwash showed limited beneficial effects in the treatment of periodontitis patients.     

盐酸米诺环素软膏联合牛黄解毒片治疗轻症急性冠周炎的临床疗效观察

目的 观察盐酸米诺环素软膏联合牛黄解毒片治疗急性冠周炎的临床疗效。方法 选取临床就诊的240例轻症急性冠周炎患者,随机分成4组,观察组给予盐酸米诺环素软膏袋内上药和口服牛黄解毒片,对照组1给予盐酸米诺环素软膏袋内上药,对照组2给予碘甘油袋内上药和口服牛黄解毒片,对照组3给予碘甘油袋内上药和口服阿莫西林胶囊+甲硝唑片。比较4组临床疗效。结果 观察组经治疗后无不良反应,疗效优于对照组1和对照组2（P<0.01）;与对照组3相比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 盐酸米诺环素软膏联合牛黄解毒片治疗轻症急性冠周炎疗效显著,值得临床推广应用。     

Effectiveness of a chlorhexidine dentifrice in orthodontic patients: a randomized-controlled trial

This blind and randomized-controlled trial analysed chlorhexidine dentifrices in relation to dental plaque, gingivitis, bleeding, calculus and enamel extrinsic staining development. Volunteers in fixed orthodontic therapy used the following dentifrices: 1100 ppmF, NaF (group A, n=27); experimental, 1100 ppmF, NaF and chlorhexidine 0.95% (group B, n=28); and experimental, chlorhexidine 0.95% (group C, n=28). At baseline, after 6, 12 and 24 weeks, clinical examinations were carried out. The gingivitis, bleeding and plaque data were tested by anova and Tukey's post hoc tests. Stain and calculus data were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's post hoc tests (p<0.05). Plaque, gingivitis and bleeding scores improved in all three groups, but up to the 6 and 12 weeks examination the products containing chlorhexidine were statistically better. The chlorhexidine dentifrices significantly increased the mean of the stain index, although most of the patients did not notice the stains. The calculus index was not significantly modified. In summary, this study suggests that the use of dentifrices containing chlorhexidine seems to be effective for the treatment of gingivitis in orthodontic patients, although the intense motivating contact that the volunteers had with the researchers may have also played a role.     

Antifungal activity of lawsone methyl ether in comparison with chlorhexidine

J Oral Pathol Med (2011) 40 : 90–96 Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the antifungal activity of lawsone methyl ether mouthwash (LME) in comparison with chlorhexidine mouthwash (CHX) in vitro and in vivo. Materials and methods: For in vitro study, each mouthwash preparation was added into the inoculum of Candida. The turbidity was recorded after incubation at 37°C for 48 h. Candidal culture was performed and the number of colony of Candida albicans was recorded. For in vivo study, a crossover clinical trial was conducted in 22 HIV‐infected subjects and 32 denture wearers. Clinical examination was performed and oral rinse technique was carried out immediately before and 0, 1, 2 h after using each mouthwash. Allergy and subjective assessment of the mouthwashes were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using one‐way ANOVA and linear mixed effect modeling. Results: In vitro, antifungal activity of 0.25% LME was significantly greater than that of 0.12% CHX (P < 0.05) and comparable with that of 0.2% CHX. In vivo, antifungal activity up to 2 hours of 0.025% LME mouthwash was evidenced in both groups of subjects, although significantly lower than that of 0.12% CHX. No allergic reaction was reported. LME mouthwash was graded to have less bitter taste than that of CHX. Subjects’ satisfaction on taste and smell of LME mouthwash was significantly greater than that of CHX (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Lawsone methyl ether mouthwash possesses potent antifungal activity both in vitro and in vivo. However, concentration of the mouthwash needs to be adjusted in addition to further clinical trials on long‐term use.     

Osteomyelitis of the condyle secondary to pericoronitis of a third molar: a case and literature review

In this study, we report a very unusual case of a patient with osteomyelitis of the condyle secondary to pericoronitis of an impacted third molar. The patient was treated by removal of the impacted third molar, opening of the drainage, combined with systemic application of antibiotics for two weeks. This treatment option did not lead to any functional defects or facial asymmetry. The patient fully recovered and the disease did not recur.     

石辛牙痛口含片对智齿冠周炎病人冠周盲袋细菌的抑制作用

目的:探讨石辛牙痛口含片治疗胃火牙痛(智齿冠周炎)过程中对冠周盲袋细菌的抑制作用。方法:运用随机双盲双模拟平行对照多中心临床试验,纳入符合胃火牙痛(智齿冠周炎)试验组(石辛)、对照组(牛黄)各120例。就诊当天对受试者常规冠周袋冲洗。石辛组病人含化石辛牙痛口含片,0.6 g×2,4次/d;口服牛黄解毒片赋形剂,0.3 g×3,3次/d。牛黄组病人口服牛黄解毒片,0.3 g×3,3次/d;含化石辛牙痛口含片赋形剂,0.6 g×2,4次/d,疗程5 d。用药前后各进行1次冠周盲袋细菌检测,按Bergey’s系统细菌学鉴定标准鉴定菌属名称。结果:符合方案数据集(PPS)在石辛组和牛黄组各112和111例受试者。治疗后石辛组和牛黄组总菌落数(CFU/mL)减少率(%)分别为59.05±25.64和59.67±27.25。石辛组和牛黄组的细菌清除率分别为75.89%和78.37%。全部厌氧菌的总菌落数(CFU/mL)减少率(%)分别为83.48±26.87和82.34±24.61,全部兼性厌氧菌的总菌落数(CFU/mL)减少率(%)分别为41.57±23.89和40.86±30.47。鉴定的16种主要细菌菌落数(CFU/mL)减少率(%)两组之间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:石辛牙痛口含片和牛黄解毒片都有抑制盲袋细菌的作用,二者无显著差异。     

Evaluation of the efficacy of celecoxib and ibuprofen on postoperative pain,swelling, and mouth opening after surgical removal of impacted third molars: a randomized,controlled clinical trial

The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of celecoxib and ibuprofen in reducing postoperative sequelae following the surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. Ninety-eight subjects who needed surgical extraction of an impacted mandibular third molar were selected for the study. All subjects were randomly allocated to receive one of the following treatments twice a day for 5 days after surgery: placebo (n = 32), ibuprofen (n = 33), or celecoxib (n = 33). The primary outcome chosen was postoperative pain, which was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS) score recorded by each patient. The secondary outcomes chosen were changes in postoperative swelling and maximum mouth opening values compared to preoperative ones. Compared to placebo, treatment with celecoxib and ibuprofen resulted in improvements in the primary outcome. Furthermore, when compared to the other groups, patients in the celecoxib group showed a significant reduction in postoperative pain scores at 6 h (P < 0.001), 12 h (P = 0.011), and 24 h (P = 0.041) after surgery. Regarding swelling and maximum mouth opening values, there were no significant differences between the groups at each follow-up session. This study demonstrated that treatment with celecoxib decreased the incidence and severity of postoperative pain following third molar surgery compared to ibuprofen and placebo.     

Effectiveness of tenoxicam and ibuprofen for pain prevention following endodontic therapy in comparison to placebo: a randomized double-blind clinical trial

Tenoxicam is an effective analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent for symptomatic treatment of various conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinically the effectiveness of prophylactic tenoxicam and prophylactic ibuprofen in reducing post-endodontic pain compared with placebo. A total of 48 patients consented to a double-blind, single dose, prophylactic oral administration of 20 mg of tenoxicam, 200 mg of ibuprofen, or a placebo before root canal treatment. The root canal treatment was performed in one visit. The patients registered their degree of discomfort on a 100-mm visual analog scale, immediately postoperative, and 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after initiation of root canal treatment. The two-way ANOVA test and Tukey HSD post hoc test showed that in the 6-h period, both 20 mg of tenoxicam and 200 mg of ibuprofen provided significantly better pain relief than the placebo. Prophylactic administration of a single dose of 20 mg tenoxicam or 200 mg ibuprofen before RCT provides an effective reduction at 6 h (P < 0.05). Because of the advantages of tenoxicam, it may be useful as a prophylactic analgesic when post-endodontic pain is anticipated.