Self-perception in overweight and obese children: a cross-sectional study

Aim   The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between obesity and self-esteem in children in relation to specific domains of their self-perception, and further to explore the extent to which this may vary by gender and economic circumstances.
Method   A total of 211 children aged 8–9 years drawn from both advantaged and disadvantaged areas of Belfast completed the Harter Self-Perception Profile for Children and measures of body mass index were obtained.
Results   Overweight, impoverished children had significantly reduced social acceptance and physical competence scores. Boys had significantly lower scores than girls in the behavioural conduct domain. Girls had significantly lower scores than boys for the athletic competence.
Conclusion   These results suggest that risk factors of increased weight and impoverished backgrounds have a combined negative effect, placing some children at increased risk of having lower self-perceptions in some, but not all domains. Health interventions for childhood obesity should consider the likelihood of specific relationships between physical and psychosocial factors.     

肥胖儿童血Obestatin、Ghrelin与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的:探讨单纯性肥胖儿童外周血obestatin、ghrelin、ghrelin/obestatin(G/O)比值水平变化及与胰岛素抵抗(IR)的关系。方法:选取单纯肥胖组50例,正常对照组30例,采用放免法(RIA)测定其血清obestatin、ghrelin,采用全自动荧光免疫分析系统测定空腹血清胰岛素(FINS),采用生化法测定空腹血糖(FBG)、血脂,并计算HOMA-IR值。结果:单纯性肥胖组血清obestatin、ghrelin水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05),G/O比值无明显差异(P>0.05),HOMA-IR、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白均高于对照组(P<0.05)。线性偏相关分析obestatin与FINS、HOMA-IR负相关(P均<0.01),gh-relin与BMI、WHR、HDLC、HOMA-IR负相关(P均<0.05),G/O比值与WHR呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:obestatin、gh-relin水平的降低可能参与了肥胖、胰岛素抵抗的发生,它们可能具有防止肥胖和IR的作用。     

肥胖儿童血清维生素D、甲状旁腺素及胰岛素抵抗水平分析

目的:分析肥胖儿童血清VD、PTH及胰岛素抵抗水平,探讨肥胖与上述指标的关系。方法:在健康体检时,利用体重指数(BMI),以中国肥胖工作组制定的标准进行筛查,将研究对象分为肥胖组与对照组,采集空腹静脉血分别测定25(OH)D、1,25(OH)2D、PTH、血钙、磷和碱性磷酸酶(AP),测定FINS和FPG计算HOMA-IR,测定身高、体重计算BMI。结果:肥胖组VD缺乏率明显高于对照组。与对照组相比,肥胖儿童的BMI、PTH和HOMA-IR明显升高,VD水平明显降低(P0.05)。BMI与血清VD呈明显负相关,与PTH和HOMA-IR呈明显正相关。PTH与25(OH)D呈明显负相关,与HOMA-IR呈明显正相关;25(OH)D与HOMA-IR呈明显负相关。结论:肥胖儿童血清VD水平降低,PTH增高,胰岛素抵抗增强。肥胖与VD、PTH和HOMA-IR相关,PTH、25(OH)D与HOMA-IR分别相关。     

婴幼儿及学龄前儿童热性惊厥与缺铁性贫血关联的Meta分析

目的通过对已发表的文章进行荟萃分析以明确婴幼儿及学龄前儿童发生热性惊厥与缺铁性贫血的关系。 方法利用PubMed、Web of science、MEDLINE、万方数据知识服务平台、中国知网数据库(CNKI)、维普等数据库数据库(VIP)和Cochrane图书馆数据库等中英文电子数据库，收集1990年1月至2017年9月前已发表的关于3个月至6岁婴幼儿及学龄前儿童发生热性惊厥与缺铁性贫血相关性的文章。按纳入与排除标准由2名研究者阅读全文后进行文献筛选和资料提取，采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表(the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale，NOS)进行文献质量评估。Stata SE 12.0软件对缺铁性贫血是否为热性惊厥患儿风险因素进行Meta分析，计算比值比(OR)，并依据缺铁性贫血诊断标准的不同进行亚组分析。 结果本研究共检出相关文献89篇，排除重复和不相关的搜索记录11篇、只有摘要的文章18篇，以及对全文进行排查：综述2篇、缺少数据9篇以及数据雷同2篇剔除，最终纳入符合纳入与排除标准的26篇文献进行Meta分析。分析结果表明：热性惊厥与缺铁性贫血具有相关性[OR＝2.24，95%CI(1.758，2.854)，P<0.05]。 结论缺铁性贫血是婴幼儿及学龄前儿童发生热性惊厥的风险因素之一。     

病毒性心肌炎患儿血清白介素-10(IL-10)的表达水平及意义

目的:探讨病毒性心肌炎患儿血清白介素-10(IL-10)的表达水平及其意义。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附试验ELISA法检测62例住院病毒性心肌炎患儿及40例正常对照儿童血清中IL-10的表达水平。结果:观察组中非死亡组患儿血清IL-10含量明显低于对照组患儿,观察组中死亡组患儿血清IL-10含量明显高于对照组及非死亡组患儿,均有显著性差异。结论:IL-10在病毒性心肌炎的发生发展和治疗中具有重要意义。     

大庆市儿童缺铁性贫血患病现状及其影响因素

目的 分析大庆市儿童缺铁性贫血患病现状及其影响因素.方法 选取2011年6月-2012年12月15所幼儿园1893名学龄前儿童,采用统一调查表询问一般状况及病史,并进行血红蛋白、血清铁蛋白等测定.数据用单因素及多因素logistic回归方法对儿童缺铁性贫血的影响因素进行分析.结果 1893名学龄前儿童缺铁性贫血患病率为5.8％.经单因素及多因素logistic回归分析,年龄、儿童饮食及胃肠因素、母亲贫血史是影响学龄前儿童缺铁性贫血的因素.结论 该市儿童缺铁性贫血患病率低于我国儿童,但仍应根据影响儿童缺铁性贫血患病因素加强健康教育.     

Effect of zinc supplementation on blood sugar control in the overweight and obese population: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BackgroundAlthough overweight and obese people have a higher risk of type 2 diabetes incidence than normal-weight individuals, the efficacy of zinc supplementation in blood sugar control in overweight and obese people remained unknown. This meta-analysis attempted to address this issue.MethodsDatabases including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception until May 2022 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of zinc supplementation among participants who were overweight or obese without language restriction. It is a random-effect meta-analysis that analyzed the impact of zinc supplementation on fasting glucose (FG) (i.e., primary outcome) and other variables including fasting insulin (FI), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and 2-hour postprandial glucose (2 h- PG).ResultsAnalysis of 12 eligible RCTs involving 651 overweight/obese participants demonstrated that zinc supplementation significantly improves FG (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −8.57 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −14.04 to −3.09 mg/dL, p = 0.002), HOMA-IR (WMD: −0.54; 95% CI: −0.78 to −0.30, p < 0.001), HbA1c (WMD: −0.25%; 95% CI: −0.43% to −0.07%, p = 0.006), and 2 h-PG (WMD: −18.42 mg/dL; 95% CI: −25.04 to −11.79 mg/dL, p < 0.001) compared to those in the control group. After conducting subgroup analyses, we found that the primary outcome, FG, showed more significant results in the subgroups with Asia, Zinc supplementation alone, higher dose (≥30 mg) and patients with diabetes.ConclusionOur meta-analysis indicated that zinc supplementation benefits blood sugar control in overweight and obese populations, with an especially significant reduction in FG.     

Birth weight was negatively correlated with plasma ghrelin, insulin resistance, and coenzyme Q10 levels in overweight children

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between birth weight and appetite related hormones, insulin resistance, and antioxidant status in overweight children aged 9-10 years. Thirty-four healthy overweight children (18 boys, 16 girls) were evaluated with respect to anthropometric measurement, lipid profiles, leptin, ghrelin, glucose, insulin, C-peptide, lipid soluble vitamins, and antioxidant enzyme activities. I found that birth weight was negatively correlated with insulin resistance parameters, ghrelin, and coenzyme Q10 levels. There was a significant positive correlation between present BMI and leptin level, while a negative correlation was noted between the BMI and α-tocopherol and lycopene levels. When total subjects were classified into three groups by tertiles of birth weight, the lowest tertile of birth weight (LTB) group showed higher levels of fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, and ghrelin level than the highest tertile of birth weight (HTB) groups. On the other hand, HTB group showed an increased oxidative stress (decreased coenzyme Q10 level and catalase activity) compared to the LTB group. In conclusion, plasma ghrelin level might play an important role in accelerated growth in overweight children with LTB. Increased insulin resistance is present in overweight children with LTB, while decreased coenzyme Q10 and catalase activity in overweight children with HTB. These results suggest that birth weight might be an important factor for determination of treatment for obesity related complications in childhood obesity.     

无锡市10～14岁儿童超重肥胖现状调查及影响因素分析

目的了解无锡市10～14岁儿童超重肥胖的流行现状,并探讨其影响因素。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,随机抽取无锡市3个地区的10～14岁儿童共2870人,进行问卷调查和体格检查。结果儿童超重检出率为11.39%(男生10.03%,女生1.36%),儿童肥胖检出率为2.23%(男生1.64%,女生0.59%),且男生超重和肥胖的检出率高于女生(P<0.01)。经多元线性回归分析表明,出生体重、父亲和母亲的BMI以及喜欢吃油炸食品为儿童期BMI的可能影响因素。结论无锡市10～14岁儿童超重和肥胖的流行情况处于中国富裕乡村和中小城市之间,控制超重向肥胖发展是一个重要的预防措施。出生体重、父亲和母亲的BMI以及喜欢吃油炸食品是儿童BMI的主要影响因素,提示应积极采取综合家庭干预的措施,预防儿童肥胖的发生及发展。     

Giardiasis as a predictor of childhood malnutrition in Orang Asli children in Malaysia

A cross-sectional study to examine the association of giardiasis with protein-energy malnutrition, vitamin A deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia was conducted among Orang Asli children in Selangor, Malaysia. A total of 281 children aged 2-15 years were studied. The data were collected using structured questionnaires, anthropometric measurements and laboratory analysis of blood and faecal samples. The results showed that 24.9% of the children were infected with Giardia duodenalis, while 56.5, 61.3 and 15.1% had significant underweight, stunting and wasting, respectively. Giardiasis was statistically identified as a strong predictor of significant wasting in this study population.     

Psychosocial problems in children with allergic diseases: a population study in Taiwan

Background A few studies had pointed out the relationship between a single allergic disease and children's psychosocial problems; however, all of these researchers considered the allergic diseases separately. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between collective allergic diseases and psychosocial problems among 4‐ to 12‐year‐old children in Taiwan. Methods The data were generated from the 2005 Taiwan National Health Interview Survey. A total of 2955 parents or guardians completed the answers for their 4‐ to 12‐year‐old children. We used logistic regressions to investigate the association of allergic diseases and the psychosocial problems. Results About 40.62% children had at least one allergic disease in the past year, and 17.75% children had a score of psychosocial problems higher than or equal to the 75th percentile. After controlling for demographic factors, the risk of having high‐level psychosocial problem for children with any allergic disease was 1.84 times of those without allergy. For those who had one, two or more than two allergic diseases, the risks of having psychosocial problems were 1.56, 2.20 and 3.39 times of those had no allergy disease respectively. Children with asthma, dermatitis and rhinitis simultaneously had the highest psychosocial impact (odds ratio = 5.10). Conclusions Collective allergic diseases were associated with psychosocial problems in children, and the effect was gradient. Parents and paediatricians should pay attention to psychosocial problems in children with allergic diseases and vice versa.     

铁缺乏与儿童智力的研究进展

目的儿童期是智力发育的关键时期。研究表明铁缺乏会影响儿童神经系统的发育,最终导致学习、记忆、认知功能的改变。近年来的文献主要集中在铁缺乏影响智力的机制、缺铁及铁干预对儿童智力的影响,如何预防儿童铁缺乏是最近研究的方向,提示预防儿童铁缺乏比铁干预更为重要。深入探讨铁缺乏与儿童智力发育的关系,对提高儿童智力水平及我国的全民素质有着重要的意义。     

Social and physical environmental factors and child overweight in a sample of American and Czech school-aged children: a pilot study

ObjectiveTo compare environmental factors that influence body mass index for age (BMI-for-age) between a sample of American and Czech school-aged children.DesignPilot study. A parent questionnaire and school visits were used to collect data from parents and children.SettingPublic schools in 1 American and 2 Czech cities.ParticipantsForty-five American and 97 Czech 4^th- through 6^th-graders and their parents.Variables MeasuredParenting style, food socialization and preparation practices, healthful food availability, and children's BMI-for-age were measured.AnalysisFactors from the parental scales were derived using factor analysis. Independent t tests compared environmental factors between American and Czech families. A regression model was used to identify environmental variables associated with BMI-for-age.ResultsAmerican parents used authoritative parenting style and positive food socialization practices more often than Czech parents (P <.001). Availability of healthful food and parental involvement in food preparation were higher (P <.001) in Czech households. Positive encouraging socialization practices, less frequent use of negative explanations, and a greater availability of vegetables were associated with lower BMI-for-age in the Czech sample of children.Conclusions and ImplicationsA future study should focus on identifying environmental factors that influence children's BMI-for-age with a large sample of Czech and American parents and their school-aged children.     

Quality of life in overweight and obese children and adolescents: a literature review

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to present a literature review on quality-of-life (QOL) assessment in overweight or obese children and adolescents in order to identify the most affected dimensions and better understand associated factors.

Methods

The ERIC, FRANCIS, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, and Academic Search Premier databases were searched for articles reporting cross-sectional QOL studies in obese children and adolescents published in English before January 2013. The reference lists of retained articles were also screened.

Results

Among the 34 articles retained for the analysis, only three did not report lower QOL among obese youth. Clinical populations appeared to be more affected than the general population. Several variables were associated with QOL such as self-image, bullying, bodily pain, quality of food intake, physical activity, screen time, parents’ educational level, and weight status.

Conclusions

Identifying variables associated with lower QOL in obese children and adolescents offers new perspectives for prevention and care. Further research is needed to better elucidate these findings. Better understanding QOL is a key element essential for the treatment for childhood and adolescent obesity.