中国≥60岁老年人卫生服务需求meta分析

目的探讨中国≥60岁老年人卫生服务需求现状,为政府及相关部门制定老年人保健政策和有针对性地开展老年人卫生服务提供参考依据。方法检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据资源系统、维普数据库(VIP)和Pub Med数据库,并辅以手工检索和文献追溯法收集2003年2月—2014年12月公开发表的关于中国老年人卫生服务需求的相关文献;应用Stata 12.0软件对纳入的文献进行meta分析。结果最终纳入24篇中文文献,累计研究对象39 000人;meta分析结果显示,中国≥60岁老年人两周患病率为35.8%(95%CI=30.2%~41.4%),慢性病患病率为52.7%(95%CI=41.9%~63.4%);亚组分析结果显示,城市和农村≥60岁老年人两周患病率分别为30.8%(95%CI=22.5%~39.1%)和43.8%(95%CI=35.6%~52.1%),慢性病患病率分别为53.3%(95%CI=26.4%~80.3%)和53.3%(95%CI=45.8%~60.8%);东部、中部、西部地区≥60岁老年人两周患病率分别为34.2%(95%CI=21.9%~46.5%)、30.3%(95%CI=16.7%~43.9%)和37.9%(95%CI=34.3%~41.5%),慢性病患病率分别为61.9%(95%CI=43.0%~80.7%)、41.7%(95%CI=7.5%~76.0%)、51.1%(95%CI=44.5%~57.7%);Egger回归分析结果显示,本次纳入meta分析的文献不存在发表偏倚。结论中国老年人卫生服务的需求较高,大力加强慢性病的防治应列为老年保健的中心任务。     

中国社区老年人营养风险检出率的Meta分析

目的 系统评价中国社区老年人营养风险检出率。方法 计算机检索CNKI、CBM、WanFang Data、VIP、PubMed、EMbase、The Cochrane Library、Web of Science、CINAHL数据库有关于中国社区老年人营养状况的研究,检索时限均为2000年1月1日至2021年9月。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并对纳入研究进行偏倚风险评价后,采用Stata 14.0软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入47个研究,包含47508例老年人,共16923例老年人检出营养风险。Meta分析结果显示,中国社区老年人的营养风险检出率为36.6%［95%CI(30.4%~42.8%)］。亚组分析结果显示,女性44.6%［95%CI(32.4%~56.9%)］、高龄46.8%［95%CI(31.0%~62.5%)］、低文化程度54.8%［95%CI(40.8%~68.8%)］、独居49.7%［95%CI(38.7%~60.6%)］、伴慢性疾病39.0%［95%CI(31.1%~46.8%)］、居住地农村51.8%［95%CI(30.3%~73.4%)］、华中地区56.7%［95%CI(27.5%~85.9%)］、ADL受损70.6%［95%CI(57.0%~84.1%)］、认知功能障碍62.6%［95%CI(38.8%~86.5%)］和衰弱52.6%［95%CI(31.7%~73.6%)］的社区老年人营养风险检出率更高。结论 当前证据显示,我国社区居家老年人营养风险检出率较高,针对检出率较高的特征人群应尽早进行筛查、诊断和干预,减少社区老年人营养风险的发生。     

社区老年人肌少症患病率及影响因素的meta分析

目的 分析社区老年人肌肉减少症（肌少症）的患病率及影响因素。方法 检索PubMed、Embase、The Cochrane Library、Web Of Science、CINAHL、维普数据库、中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献服务系统等数据库从建库至2021年7月关于社区老年人肌少症患病率及影响因素的相关文献，采用RevMan 5.3软件对社区老年人肌少症患病率及影响因素进行meta分析。结果 共纳入19篇横断面研究，老年肌少症人数合计3 883例，社区老年人肌肉减少症总患病率为16%[95%CI(10%～22%)]，亚组分析显示，南美洲、城市地区老年人肌少症患病率更高；年龄70～<80岁（OR=3.42,95%CI:1.84～6.43）、年龄≥80岁（OR=11.42,95%CI:6.89～18.92）、吸烟（OR=2.66,95%CI:1.76～4.02）、糖尿病（OR=1.93,95%CI:1.06～3.52）、体质量指数增加（OR=0.71,95%CI:0.67～0.75）、营养不良（OR=3.96,95%CI:2.88～5.44）、女性（OR=2.55,95%C...     

中国社区老年人衰弱发生率的meta分析

目的采用meta分析的方法综合评价我国社区老年人的衰弱发生率。方法系统检索中文数据库(中国知网、万方数据库和维普网)和英文数据库(Pub Med,Embase,Medline,Cochrane Library)中1997—2016年所有公开发表的关于老年人衰弱发生率的文献。纳入合格文献后按Loney标准评价文献质量;最后采用Stata软件对数据进行meta分析。结果最终纳入12篇文献,总样本量为11 024人,我国社区老年人衰弱发生率为7.4%~14.2%。合并分析后衰弱发生率为10.5%(95%CI:9.1%~11.9%)。亚组分析显示,老年衰弱发生率随着年龄的增高而增高(60~69岁:4.9%;70~79岁:9.3%;≥80岁:20.5%)。女性衰弱率(11.3%)高于男性(8.0%)。内地(11.5%)高于香港(10.1%)和台湾地区(9.2%)。结论我国社区老年人衰弱发生率较高,应加以重视并探索有效方法进行预防和干预。     

中国社区老年人肌少症患病率的Meta分析

目的 分析中国社区老年人的肌肉减少症的患病率。方法 系统检索PubMed、EMbase、Cochrane、万方数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库、中国知网数据库等中英文文献库,纳入2010 - 2018年6月发表的相关文献。采用stata 14.0软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入16篇文献,总共纳入18 570人。中国社区老年人的肌肉减少症患病率为12%（95%CI: 10%～15%）。亚组分析结果显示,中国大陆社区老年人的肌少症患病率为17%（95%CI: 13%～21%）,非大陆地区（港台）患病率为6%（95%CI: 4%～7%）,2亚组之间存在统计学差异（P = 0.019）。对性别、肌量评估方法、诊断标准进行亚组分析,结果提示肌少症患病率无统计学差异。结论 中国大陆地区的社区老年人的肌少症患病率较高,需要引起更多重视。     

中国40～65岁女性人群睡眠障碍患病率的Meta分析

目的 系统评价中国40～65岁女性人群睡眠障碍患病率。方法 计算机检索CBM、CNKI、Wan Fang、VIP、Pub Med、Embase和Web of Science数据库中与中国40～65岁女性人群睡眠障碍有关的横断面研究，检索时限均从建库起至2023年3月27日。采用Stata 17.0软件进行meta分析。结果 共纳入31项研究，包括36 564例女性。Meta分析结果显示，我国40～65岁女性人群睡眠障碍患病率为39.1%(95%CI:32.1%～46.2%)。亚组分析结果显示，睡眠障碍患病率随着年龄的增长和绝经过程的发生发展递增，样本量<2 000人比样本量≥2000人的患病率高（均P<0.01）。结论当前证据显示，我国40～65岁女性人群睡眠障碍患病率为39.1%，其中≥55岁及绝经后女性人群患病率较高。     

我国学龄前儿童高血压患病率及变化趋势的meta分析

目的探索我国学龄前儿童高血压患病情况及近30年变化趋势。方法计算机检索中国知网、万方数据库,中国生物医学文献数据库以及PubMed数据库关于中国儿童高血压的横断面调查研究,检索时限为建库至2018年2月11日。通过meta分析的方法,对纳入研究关于学龄前儿童(17岁)高血压患病率进行定量合并,并根据异质性大小选择合并模型。采用亚组分析探讨不同性别患病率可能存在的差异,meta回归分析探讨不同年份高血压患病率变化趋势。结果共纳入17篇研究,均为中文,包括68 138名调查对象,其中4 007名被诊断为高血压。Meta分析结果显示,我国学龄前儿童整体高血压患病率为5%(95%CI:4%～9%)。对于男性儿童,高血压患病率为6%(95%CI:3%～9%,I2=96.72%),女性儿童为5%(95%CI:2%～9%,I2=97.34%),男女患病率无明显差别。Meta回归分析结果显示,调查年份与高血压患病率无明显相关性(P0.05)。结论我国学龄前儿童高血压患病率约为5%,男性和女性之间并无明显差异,近30年患病率趋势无明显变化。     

综合干预对预防社区老年人跌倒效果的meta分析

目的 系统评价综合干预对预防我国社区老年人的跌倒效果,为开展社区老年人跌倒预防工作提供参考。方法 对中国知网（China national knowledge infrastructure,CNKI）、万方数据库、维普网、PubMed和Cochrane Library数据库有关我国社区老年人跌倒综合干预效果的文献进行全面检索,检索时间为2010年1月1日—2022年2月19日。主要结局指标是跌倒发生率、跌倒知识知晓率及预防跌倒行为改变率。采用Cochrane协作组制定的“偏移风险评估工具”作方法学质量评价;Review Manager 5.3软件对研究结果进行meta分析。结果 共纳入12篇文献,均为随机对照试验。综合干预组共纳入2 693人,188例老人发生跌倒,跌倒率为6.98%;对照组共纳入2 662例,420例发生了跌倒,跌倒率为15.78%,两组跌倒率比较,差异有统计学意义[RR=0.44(95%CI:0.38～0.52)。亚组分析结果显示,综合干预对高血压或糖尿病患者的干预效果更好[RR=0.29(95%CI:0.15～0.59)]。综合干预后,社区老年人在“跌倒可预防性”...     

我国13～18岁青少年高血压患病率的meta分析

目的探索国内青少年高血压患病情况以及变化趋势。方法计算机检索中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed关于我国未成年人高血压患病率的横断面研究,检索时间为数据库建库至2018年2月11日。通过随机效应模型meta分析的方法,对纳入研究青少年高血压患病率及置信区间进行定量合并。根据调查所在地区(北方、中部、南方),性别(男、女)等变量进行亚组分析。按照调查年份进行meta回归分析,以探讨近30年国内青少年高血压变化趋势。结果共纳入34篇研究,包括726 449例调查对象,45 505例诊断为高血压。Meta分析结果显示,青少年高血压整体患病率为9%(95%CI:8%～10%,I2=99.8%),男性为8%(95%CI:7%～10%,I2=99.6%),女性为7%(95%CI:6%～8%,I2=99.8%);南方青少年高血压患病率为6%(95%CI:4%～9%,I2=99.69%),中部地区为9%(95%CI:7%～11%,I2=99.70%),北方地区为11%(95%CI:8%～14%,I2=99.70%)。Meta回归分析结果提示,随着年份增加,青少年高血压患病率有逐年增加的趋势(β=0.024),但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论我国青少年高血压患病率约为9%,男性高于女性,北方高于南方,近30年来患病率可能呈增加趋势。     

中国青少年非自杀性自伤检出率的Meta分析

目的 了解中国青少年非自杀性自伤检出率及其影响因素，为有效降低青少年非自杀性自伤检出率提供参考。方法检索CNKI、VIP、Wan Fang、Springer、Pub Med、Wiley Online library、Science Direct中外文数据库进行检索，检索时限为建库至2022年8月。严格按照纳入及排除标准筛选相关文献进行meta分析。结果 共纳入43篇文献，253 264名被试。Meta分析结果显示，中国青少年非自杀性自伤检出率为[21.9%(95%CI:17.9%～26.0%)]。亚组分析结果显示，女性[21.6%(95%CI:17.5%～25.6%)]、农村[20.5%(95%CI:13.7%～27.3%)]、独生子女[21.7%(95%CI:15.9%～27.5%)]、高中生[28.2%(95%CI:24.8%～31.7%)]、中部[23.5%(95%CI:17.7%～29.3%)]、2015年及之后调查[22.5%(95%CI:17.5%～27.4%)]的青少年非自杀性自伤检出率更高。测量工具的检出率存在统计学意义（P<0.001）。结论 青少年非自杀性自伤...     

老年人日常活动能力与睡眠质量及其交互作用对认知功能的影响

目的 探究我国老年人日常活动能力、睡眠质量及其交互作用对认知功能的影响。方法 基于2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查（CLHLS）数据,运用logistic回归模型进行危险因素分析。结果 控制相关变量后,多因素logistic回归结果显示,日常活动能力受损（OR = 3.941,95%CI:3.464～4.484）、睡眠障碍（OR = 1.370,95%CI:1.167～1.608）是老年人发生认知功能障碍的影响因素。交互作用结果显示,日常活动受损与睡眠障碍对认知功能障碍的发生具有相加交互作用（OR = 5.492,95%CI:4.380～6.888）,RERI（95%CI） = 1.261（0.092～2.430）,AP（95%CI） = 0.230（0.057～0.402）,S（95%CI） = 1.390（1.052～1.837）。结论 同时存在日常活动能力受损和睡眠障碍会增加老年人认知障碍的发生风险,通过有效措施提高老年人的睡眠质量和日常活动能力可有助于降低认知障碍的发生风险。     

郑州市社区老年冠心病患者衰弱现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解郑州市社区老年冠心病患者衰弱现状及主要影响因素。方法 采用一般资料调查表、Tilburg衰弱量表等工具,对郑州市2个社区821例老年冠心病患者衰弱现状进行调查,采用多因素logistic回归分析筛查影响因素。结果 老年冠心病患者衰弱发生率为24.0%;logistic回归分析显示,年龄(60～69)岁(OR = 0.348, 95%CI: 0.159～0.764)、不服药(OR = 0.247, 95%CI:0.134～0.456)、认知正常(OR = 0.511,95%CI:0.283～0.923)、不抑郁(OR = 0.177,95%CI:0.096～0.327)、高握力(OR = 0.686,95%CI:0.634～0.742)、高BMI(OR = 0.830,95%CI:0.765～0.900)是社区老年冠心病患者衰弱的保护因素(P＜0.05),缺乏运动(OR = 3.392,95%CI: 1.948～5.904)、空腹血糖(OR = 2.293,95%CI:1.745～3.015)、心率(OR = 1.035,95%CI: 1.012～1.060)、甘油三酯(OR = 1.418, 95%CI:1.096～1.834)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(OR = 3.447,95%CI:2.268～5.238)是社区老年冠心病患者衰弱的危险因素(P＜0.05)。结论 郑州市社区老年冠心病患者衰弱发生率高,并且受多种可控因素的影响,应予以重视。     

河南省新乡县农村居民脑卒中流行现况及影响因素分析

目的 了解河南省新乡县农村地区成年常住居民脑卒中流行现况及其影响因素。方法 于2017年4月—2017年6月采用整群抽样方法,随机抽取河南省新乡县朗公庙、七里营2个乡镇17个农村村落的成年常住居民(≥18岁)10 691人进行脑卒中及相关因素的问卷调查、体格检查与实验室检测。结果 本次调查共纳入资料完整对象10 455人进行分析,河南省新乡县农村地区脑卒中粗患病率为6.60%,年龄标准化患病率为5.05%;其中40岁以上人群脑卒中粗患病率为6.58%,标准化患病率为2.89%;男性、女性的性别粗患病率分别为8.39%和5.35%,标准化患病率分别为3.63%和2.39%。在脑卒中常见慢性共患病中,高血压共病率最高,为55.94%,糖尿病共病率最低,为14.64%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥50岁(50～59岁:OR = 3.968, 95%CI: 2.654～5.933; 60～69岁:OR = 8.694, 95%CI: 5.906～12.798; ≥70岁:OR = 8.854, 95%CI: 5.855～13.390)、职业为农民(OR = 1.821, 95%CI:1.174～2.824)、高血压(OR = 2.151, 95%CI: 1.816～2.547)、血脂异常(OR = 2.434, 95%CI: 1.950～3.038)、糖尿病(OR = 1.393, 95%CI: 1.091～1.778)、冠心病(OR = 1.385, 95%CI: 1.117～1.718)可能是脑卒中患病的危险因素(P＜0.05);女性(OR = 0.542, 95%CI: 0.455～0.646)、有适度(OR = 0.668, 95%CI: 0.544～0.819)/剧烈运动(OR = 0.696, 95%CI: 0.571～0.849)可能是脑卒中患病的保护因素(P＜0.05)。结论 河南省新乡县农村地区成年常住居民脑卒中患病率较高,男性、≥50岁、农民、无适度/剧烈运动者、合并高血压、血脂异常、冠心病和糖尿病者仍是脑卒中防治的重点人群。     

西藏地区中老年居民慢性病患病现状及其影响因素

目的 了解西藏地区中老年居民慢性病患病现状及影响因素。方法 根据西藏地区国家第六次卫生服务调查,采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,纳入中老年人群共4 995例为研究对象,分析人群慢性病患病影响因素。结果 研究结果显示西藏地区中老年人群慢性病患病率为57.8%,以高血压患病率最高,为26.5%。logistic回归显示,性别（参考:男性,女OR = 1.497,95%CI:1.33～1.68）、年龄（参考:45～54岁;55～64岁:OR = 1.735,95%CI:1.510～1.993;65岁~:OR = 2.163,95%CI:1.923～2.567））、民族（参考:非藏族,藏族OR = 1.489,95%CI:1.069～2.074）、居住地（参考:城镇,农牧区OR = 1.472,95%CI:1.268～1.708）、是否贫困户（参考:贫困户,非贫困户OR = 0.811,95%CI:0.693～0.949）、婚姻（参考:已婚,未婚OR = 0.932,95%CI:0.727～1.194;丧偶OR = 1.209,95%CI:1.004～1.457;离婚OR = 1.665,95%CI:1.043～2.658）、就业（参考:在业,离退休OR = 1.757,95%CI:1.266～2.438;失业或无业OR = 0.993,95%CI:0.857～1.151）和每周锻炼次数（参考:从不,1～2次OR = 0.813,95%CI:0.688～0.961;3次及以上OR = 0.635,95%CI:0.553～0.73）均是该人群慢性病患病率的影响因素。结论 西藏地区中老年人群慢性病患病率较高,其中以高血压患病率最高,性别、年龄、居住地区、贫困情况、婚姻状况、就业状况和每周锻炼次数均是其影响因素。建议当地政府制定卫生政策时,针对性地对人群加强卫生教育和管理。     

Factors associated with untreated hypertension among older adults: results of the Mexican Health and Aging Study, 2001]

OBJECTIVE: To determine factors associated with failure to adhere to treatment for diagnosed hypertension among a representative sample of older Mexican adults living in the community. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 2,029 individuals 65 years of age or older with diagnosed hypertension who participated in the Mexican Health and Aging Study, carried out during the summer of 2001. The survey collected information on several demographics (age, sex, schooling, whether living alone, and employment status, among others), any chronic illnesses, symptoms of depression, cognitive deterioration, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, and difficulty performing basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Simple and multifactorial logistical regression analyses were used to evaluate the association among the study variables and self-reported untreated high blood pressure. RESULTS: Of the 2,029 participants, 437 (21.5%) reported not following any treatment whatsoever for controlling their hypertension; 1,584 (78.1%) affirmed they were complying with treatment; and 8 (0.4%) did not respond to this question. The multifactorial analysis adjusted for confounding variables (age, sex, symptoms of depression, and cognitive deterioration) showed that only a low number of years of schooling (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.70; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.10-2.64; P = 0.02 for 1-6 years of schooling and adjusted OR = 3.32; 95%CI: 2.10-5.24; P < 0.01 for no schooling), alcohol consumption (adjusted OR = 1.52; 95%CI: 1.14-2.03; P = 0.01), and urinary incontinence (adjusted OR = 1.61; 95%CI: 1.15-2.26;P < 0.01) were independently associated with hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension is a common and important issue among older adults in Mexico. To obtain better medication compliance, doctors prescribing or modifying hypertension treatment should taken into account whether or not the patient suffers from urinary incontinence, consumes alcohol, and/or has a low level of schooling.     

Determinants of malnutrition risk among the older adult community: a secondary analysis of the Health, Wellbeing, and Aging Study (SABE) in Mexico

OBJECTIVE: To determine the psychosocial and health determinants associated with malnutrition risk (MR) among older adults living in the community of Mexico City, Mexico. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. Secondary analysis was performed on the data of adults who were 60 or more years of age, living in the metropolitan area of Mexico city, and had participated in the multi-city study on Health, Wellbeing, and Aging in 1999 and 2000. Information on 820 participants was analyzed (mean age 69.7 +/- 7.6 years; 62.9% female). In addition to the MR (dependent variable) that was established through a basic nutrition evaluation, the following variables were analyzed: sociodemographics, body mass index, comorbidity, symptoms of depression, oral health, mental function, functional capability, among others. Independent associations from among the variables and the MR were calculated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were determined. RESULTS: MR was present in 261 (31.8%) participants. The univariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for possible confounding variables showed that the following variables demonstrated significant and independent associations with MR among the study sample population: not having a pension (adjusted OR = 1.45; 95%CI: 1.01 - 2.38); feeling that one did not have enough money to live on (adjusted OR = 2.52; 95%CI: 1.69 - 3.74); having osteoarthritis (adjusted OR = 2.34; 95%CI: 1.42 - 3.85); having a low body mass index (adjusted OR = 0.89; 95%CI: 0.85 - 0.93); having symptoms of depression (adjusted OR = 5.41; 95%CI: 1.90 - 15.34); eating only once daily (adjusted OR = 12.95; 95%CI: 5.19 - 32.28) or twice daily (adjusted OR = 3.27; 95%CI: 2.18 - 4.9); and having physical difficulty with getting to bed (adjusted OR = 3.25; CI 95%: 1.58 - 6.68), going out alone (adjusted OR = 2.70; CI 95%: 1.54 - 4.73), and using the telephone (adjusted OR = 1.95; CI 95%: 1.10 - 3.43). CONCLUSIONS: There are multiple and various determinants of malnutrition risk. To determine MR, the older adult's financial and social situation must be carefully evaluated along with the more traditional health and anthropometric information.     

潍坊市成人居民主要慢性病患病现状及其影响因素分析

目的 了解潍坊市成人居民慢性病患病现状及其影响因素,为慢性病预防与控制提供理论依据。方法 采用分层随机抽样方法在潍坊市抽取5 156名≥18岁成人居民进行问卷调查,利用logistic回归分析主要慢性病患病影响因素。结果 潍坊市成人居民高血压、血脂异常及糖尿病患病率分别为35.16%、34.60%、9.39%;对其影响因素进行logistic回归分析,多因素结果显示男性（OR = 1.391,95%CI:1.164～1.661）、年龄大（OR = 13.568,95%CI:8.215～22.408）、饮酒（OR = 1.270,95%CI:1.060～1.520）、肥胖（OR = 9.644,95%CI:5.203～17.878）、高盐（OR = 1.020,95%CI:1.000～1.041）、自评健康状况差（OR = 3.006,95%CI:1.694～5.335）、锻炼（OR = 0.834,95%CI: 0.725～0.959）是高血压的影响因素;男性（OR = 1.268,95%CI:1.032～1.558）、年龄大（OR = 6.049,95%CI:2.420～15.117）、肥胖（OR = 18.227,95%CI:2.471～134.480）、自评健康状况差（OR = 3.664,95%CI:1.093～12.277）、锻炼（OR = 0.719,95%CI:0.587～0.880）是糖尿病的影响因素;年龄大（OR = 2.209,95%CI:1.522～3.206）、自评健康状况好（OR = 0.859,95%CI:0.743～0.993）、已婚（OR = 0.599,95%CI:0.402～0.893）、肥胖（OR = 6.239,95%CI:3.868～10.062）、吸烟（OR = 1.281,95%CI:1.076～1.526）、高盐（OR = 1.024,95%CI:1.006～1.043）、高油（OR = 1.208,95%CI:1.007～1.014）是血脂异常的影响因素。结论 高血压、血脂异常和糖尿病是潍坊市成人居民的主要健康问题,其患病率随年龄呈上升趋势,应加强对老年人、超重和肥胖居民的健康管理,同时大力倡导低盐饮食,戒烟限酒,适度锻炼,提高居民生存质量。     

Prevalence and risk factors for smoking among adolescents

OBJECTIVE: Tobacco smoking is one of the main causes of preventable disease and premature disability. The study was aimed at measuring smoking prevalence and related risk factors among adolescents. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in a representative sample of 1,187 adolescents aged 10 to 19 years living in the urban area of Pelotas, southern Brazil. All adolescents were interviewed separately using a confidential coded questionnaire. Kaplan-Meier test was performed for survival curve analysis. RESULTS: The overall smoking prevalence rate in the sample was 12.1% (95% CI 10.3%-14%). Boys and girls had similar prevalence rates. The following were the risk factors for smoking found in the multivariate logistic regression analysis: older age (OR=28.7; 95% CI 11.5-71.4), older smoking siblings (OR=2.4; 95% CI 1.5-3.8), three or more smoking friends (OR=17.5; 95% CI 8.8-34.8) and low schooling (OR=3.5; 95% CI 1.5-8.0). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of smoking among adolescents in the city of Pelotas was high. Campaigns against tobacco use should be aimed at the community and families, targeting adolescents. The government must adopt legal actions in order to prevent adolescents to have access to to smoking.     

Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Oldest Old is Associated with Disability and Poor Physical Function

Sarcopenia is an age-related geriatric syndrome and is associated with numerous adverse outcomes. Although there is preponderance of studies on sarcopenia in community setting, few studies focused on the oldest old. We investigated the prevalence of sarcopenia in Chinese community-dwelling oldest old and examined the socio-demographic and lifestyle factors of sarcopenia. We also investigated the association between sarcopenia and disability in activities of daily living (ADL) and physical function among the oldest old. Cross-sectional study. Urban community in Beijing, China. 664 community-dwelling older adults aged 80 years or older. The presence of sarcopenia and the relationship between sarcopenia and physical function and disability were examined in 582 adults aged 80 years and older. we used the backward stepwise logistic regression model to explore socio-demographic and lifestyle correlates of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was assessed by an algorithm recommended by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS). The overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 26.6% (female 21.7%; male 33.3%). Age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–1.22), body mass index (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.73–0.89), and Mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) scores (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.64–0.96) were independently associated with sarcopenia. The Odds of disability in ADL was approximately two times greater in oldest old with sarcopenia than those without. Sarcopenia was associated with poor lower extremity strength. Oldest old with sarcopenia have higher odds to reported difficulty in stooping, kneeing, or crouching, carrying weights over 5 kilograms, and walking 400 meters. We found over a quartile of the community-dwelling oldest old in China had sarcopenia. Older age, lower BMI, and worse nutritional status were significantly associated with the presence of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was independently associated with disability and poor physical function.     

成都市社区老年人睡眠障碍与抑郁症状的相关性研究

目的 探讨成都市社区老年人睡眠障碍与抑郁症状发生之间的关联。方法 以成都市锦江区60岁及以上的老年人为研究对象,采用中文版匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI）评估社区老年人的睡眠障碍,包括主观睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时长、睡眠效率、睡眠紊乱、日间功能障碍、催眠药物使用共7个睡眠维度。采用老年抑郁问卷自评版（the self-reported version of geriatric depression inventory,GDI-SR）评估老年人抑郁症状发生情况。采用二分类logistic回归分析社区老年人不同睡眠维度问题与抑郁症状之间的关系。结果 本研究共纳入587名社区老年人,抑郁症状检出率为16.0%,总体睡眠障碍率为39.5%。社区老年人主观睡眠质量（OR=2.738,95%CI:1.394～5.378）、睡眠紊乱（OR=2.351,95%CI:1.060～5.211）、日间功能障碍（OR=5.063,95%CI:2.911～8.805）、使用催眠药物（OR=2.521,95%CI:1.164～5.461）与抑郁症状...