Short term outcomes of long duration versus short duration tourniquet in primary total knee arthroplasty: A randomized controlled trial

Introduction

A tourniquet is used during the total knee replacement surgery to improve the visibility, to reduce the blood loss and for better cementation. Indirectly it decreases the duration of surgery and enhances the recovery of the patient. Their use however is controversial due to some side effects associated with the use of tourniquet. They may increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism by causing venous stasis, endothelial damage and increased platelet adhesion secondary to distal limb ischemia.

First carpometacarpal arthroplasty with ligamentous reconstruction: a long-term follow-up

Background

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate a single surgeon’s short, intermediate, and long-term clinical, functional, and radiographic outcomes with a trapeziectomy with flexor carpi radialis (FCR) suspension arthroplasty without tendon interposition (LRSA).

Methods

Twenty-one patients underwent 26 FCR suspension arthroplasties without tendon interposition by a single senior surgeon. All patients had Eaton stage III and IV carpometacarpal (CMC) osteoarthritis. The Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation (PRWHE) and Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) were used to evaluate functional outcomes. A comprehensive strength and range of motion evaluation was performed to evaluate clinical outcomes. Plain radiographs at rest and with maximal pinch were performed to evaluate for arthroplasty space subsidence.

Results

The LRSA exhibited consistent clinical and functional outcomes throughout postoperative follow-up. As the average patient age and time from surgery increased, range of motion (ROM) and PRWHE scores stayed relatively constant, while lateral tip and tip pinch strength deteriorated with time. The LRSA prevented the proximal migration of the first metacarpal in all but one patient. No patients required revision arthroplasty following LRSA.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the consistent short, intermediate, and long-term clinical, functional, and radiographic outcomes following a trapeziectomy with FCR suspension arthroplasty.

     

Interposition suspension arthroplasty according to Epping versus arthrodesis for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis

Summary BACKGROUND: Arthrodesis and trapezial excision with ligament reconstruction combined with tendon interposition according to Epping have proven to be highly effective techniques for treating primary osteoarthritis of the thumb carpometacarpal joint. To determine which of these two techniques gives better objective and subjective outcomes, the long-term results were compared in similar patients' groups. METHODS: 40 thumbs were prospectively randomized to undergo either carpometacarpal arthrodesis or trapezial excision with ligament reconstruction combined with tendon interposition. 20 cases treated with arthrodesis (group I) and 20 cases treated with arthroplasty (group II) were evaluated 6 months after the operation and then after a mean follow-up of 6.8 years. The outcomes were assessed with the Buck-Gramcko score. RESULTS: 6 months postoperatively, the mean total Buck-Gramcko score was rated significantly better in group I than in group II. But at the last follow-up control, no significant difference was found between both groups. Only group II had significantly better mean scores for palmar abduction and radial abduction. Other mean objective and subjective scores did not differ significantly between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The after-treatment in patients undergoing arthroplasty lasted longer than in patients after the arthrodesis. It is caused by more complex surgery during Epping's procedure. But the outcomes become similar over a longer period. At the final follow-up control after arthroplasty only older patients subjectively appreciated better functional performance. After this experience we reserve the arthrodesis for younger active and arthroplasty for older patients.      

单侧全膝人工关节置换术后引流选择的随机对照研究

目的 比较单侧全膝人工关节置换术后引流与否的差异.方法 2006年2月至2007年2月100例单侧全膝人工关节置换术患者随机分为未引流组和引流组(对照组),每组50例,进行前瞻性研究.通过Gross方程推算,对术后总失血量(显性失血量+隐性失血量)和输血量进行分析;并对两组术后并发症及功能恢复状况进行比较.结果 引流组患者总失血量为(535±295)ml,隐性失血量为(513±290)ml;对照组患者总失血量为(853±331)ml,隐性失血量(689±324)ml;未引流组总失血量明显少于对照组(t=5.4611,P<0.05).未引流组患者术后输血量为(112±226)ml,对照组(316±283)ml,未引流组明显少于对照组(t=3.9852,P<0.05).术后输血人次未引流组为11例,对照组为32例,未引流组输血率明显低于对照组(未校正χ~2=18,P<0.05).两组间术后并发症的发生率及功能恢复差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 单侧全膝人工全膝关节置换术术后不放引流组无论总失血量,还是术后输血量均少于对照组,且输血率低.两组术后并发症的发生率及术后膝关节功能恢复无明显差异.     

单髁置换术与全膝关节置换术治疗膝单间室骨性关节炎近中期疗效的对比研究

目的探讨膝单髁置换术(UKA)和全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗膝单间室重度骨性关节炎(KOA)的近中期临床疗效。方法随访本研究中因患膝单间室重度KOA接受单髁置换术的患者23例(23膝),同时期同术者施行的全膝关节置换术50例(56膝)。UKA组23位患者22名获得到了较为完整的临床随访,1例死亡。平均时间为28.6个月(4个月～7年),TKA组50位患者均获得随访,平均时间为32.9个月(2个月～7年)。对手术前后HSS评分,疼痛缓解,术中出血量及术后3d血红蛋白下降量,关节屈曲大于90°时间及屈曲大于120°膝关节数进行比较。结果UKA组与TKA组均获得满意疗效,两组患者均无假体松动,无关节翻修等严重并发症,HSS评分UKA组术前(64±5.75)分,术后末次随访(86±7.85)分(t=11.53,P0.001);TKA组术前(61±6.53)分,术后末次随访(84±7.92)分(t=18.64,P0.001)。与TKA组比较,UKA组术中出血(t=12.47,P0.001)及术后3d天血红蛋白下降少(t=13.61,P0.001),疼痛缓解相似(2=0.007,P0.05),术后膝关节屈曲到90°时间短(t=3.97,P0.05),术后能屈曲到120°的比率高。结论在严格掌握适应证的前提下,对于膝单间室重度KOA患者的手术治疗,UKA的近中期疗效可与TKA相媲美,而且UKA具有创伤小,出血少,患者耐受性好,术后恢复快的优点。     

羟基磷灰石涂层股骨柄初次全髋关节置换随机对照试验的meta分析

目的 评价羟基磷灰石涂层与非羟基磷灰石涂层股骨柄初次全髋关节置换术的临床和放射学结果差异.方法 计算机检索MEDLINE、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、中国生物医学文献数据库,搜集比较羟基磷灰石涂层与非羟基磷灰石涂层股骨柄初次全髋关节置换术的随机对照试验,临床结果评价指标包括Harris评分、大腿疼痛发生率,放射学结果评价指标包括假体周围点焊和透亮线现象、异位骨化.采用RevMan 5.0软件对纳入试验数据进行meta分析.结果 共纳入10项研究917髋,其中HA组464髋,非HA组453髋.Meta合并结果两组术后Harris评分比较差异无统计学意义(WMD=3.04,95％ CI:-4.47～ 10.54,P=0.43),术后大腿疼痛发生率比较差异有统计学意义(RR=0.56,95％CI:0.33 ～0.94,P=0.03),术后假体周围点焊现象(RR=1.01,95％ CI:0.91～ 1.11,P=0.91)、透亮线现象(RR =0.99,95％ CI:0.88 ～ 1.11,P=0.83)和异位骨化发生率(RR =0.97,95％ CI:0.77 ～ 1.21,P=0.77),差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 羟基磷灰石涂层股骨柄初次全髋关节置换在临床和放射学结果上并无明显优势,目前尚无充足证据说明可降低术后大腿痛的发生率.     

A randomized controlled trial of osteopathic manipulative treatment following knee or hip arthroplasty

CONTEXT: Preliminary study results suggest that osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) may reduce pain, improve ambulation, and increase rehabilitation efficiency in patients undergoing knee or hip arthroplasty. OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of OMT in patients who recently underwent surgery for knee or hip osteoarthritis or for a hip fracture. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial involving hospital and postdischarge phases. SETTING: Hospital-based acute rehabilitation unit. PATIENTS: A total of 42 women and 18 men who were hospitalized between October 1998 and August 1999. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomly assigned to groups that received either OMT or sham treatment in addition to standard care. Manipulation was individualized and performed according to study guidelines regarding frequency, duration, and technique. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores and in daily analgesic use during the rehabilitation unit stay; length of stay; rehabilitation efficiency--defined as the FIM total score change per rehabilitation unit day; and changes in Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 scores from rehabilitation unit admission to 4 weeks after discharge. RESULTS: Of 19 primary outcome measures, the only significant difference between groups was decreased rehabilitation efficiency with OMT (2.0 vs 2.6 FIM total score points per day; P = .01). Stratified analyses demonstrated that poorer OMT outcomes were confined to patients with osteoarthritis who underwent total knee arthroplasty (length of stay, 15.0 vs 8.3 days; P = .004; rehabilitation efficiency, 2.1 vs 3.4 FIM total score points per day; P < .001). CONCLUSION: The OMT protocol used does not appear to be efficacious in this hospital rehabilitation population.     

Single-and double-dose of platelet-rich plasma versus hyaluronic acid for treatment of knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND Platelet-rich plasma(PRP) and hyaluronic acid have been shown to be useful in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. However, investigations comparing the efficacy of these two drugs together are insufficient.AIM To compare the outcomes of PRP vs hyaluronic acid injections in three groups of patients with bilateral knee osteoarthritis.METHODS This randomized controlled trial study involved 95 patients. Thirty-one subjects received a single injection of PRP(group PRP-1), 33 subjects received two injections of PRP at an interval of 3 wk(group PRP-2) and 31 subjects received three injections of hyaluronic acid at 1-wk intervals(group hyaluronic acid). The patients were investigated prospectively at the enrollment and at 4-, 8-and 12-wk follow-up with the Western Ontario and Mc Master Universities Arthritis Index(WOMAC) and Visual Analogue Scale questionnaires.RESULTS Percentages of patients experiencing at least a 30% decrease in the total score for the WOMAC pain subscale from baseline to wk 12 of the intervention were 86%,100% and 0% in the groups PRP-1, PRP-2 and hyaluronic acid, respectively(P 0.001). The mean total WOMAC scores for groups PRP-1, PRP-2 and hyaluronic acid at baseline were 63.71, 61.57 and 63.11, respectively. The WOMAC scores were significantly improved at final follow-up to 42.5, 35.32 and 57.26,respectively. The highest efficacy of PRP was observed in both groups at wk 4 with about 50% decrease in the symptoms compared with about 25% decrease for hyaluronic acid. Group PRP-2 had higher efficacy than group PRP-1. No major adverse effects were found during the study.CONCLUSION PRP is a safe and efficient therapeutic option for treatment of knee osteoarthritis.It was demonstrated to be significantly better than hyaluronic acid. We also found that the efficacy of PRP increases after multiple injections.     

Postoperative scores for robot-assisted and conventional total knee arthroplasty: A meta-analysis

BackgroundKnee osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease globally. As obesity and age rates continue to rise in the U.S., the demand for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is expected to grow significantly by 2030. Advanced techniques such as robotic-assisted (RA-TKA) aim to address this growing concern and improve patient quality-of-life. Since utilization of RA-TKA increased from 2010 to 2018, it is important to compare RA-TKA to conventional TKA (C-TKA) performance. This study compares RA-TKA to C-TKA in patient-reported WOMAC scores and objective range of motion (ROM) scores in eligible short-term (one-year or less) and long-term (one-year to fifteen-years) postoperative follow-up studies.MethodsA systematic review using the PubMed database was performed to identify articles including RA-TKA, CA-TKA, C-TKA, WOMAC scores, and ROM scores.ResultsBetween RA-TKA and C-TKA, weighted analysis found significant effects in short-term (15.45, 95% CI: 4.96–25.94) and long-term (2.62, 95% CI: 0.62–4.61) WOMAC scores.ConclusionAs approximately 7–20% of C-TKA surgeries result in poor subjective outcomes, and with revision rates and the demand for TKA set to rise, our analysis suggests that patient quality-of-life and cost effectiveness may be significantly improved by RA-TKA over C-TKA.     

膝关节单髁置换术后抗凝药物使用时机的临床研究

目的：探讨膝关节单髁置换术后抗凝药物使用时机。方法进行前瞻随机对照研究,根据纳入／排除标准,选取2013年9月至2014年2月在西安交通大学第二附属医院骨一科行膝关节单髁置换术病例,以随机编码法进行随机分组。术后于不同时间初次应用抗凝药物：6～12 h（ A组）、12～24 h（B组）及24～48 h（C组）。术后患者口服利伐沙班片,10 mg,QD,共21 d。对比分析各组患者术前、术后引流量、总失血量、隐性失血量、血红蛋白含量及降低量、血小板计数、APTT、PT、FIB、患肢大小腿周径等指标的变化。结果共纳入45例研究样本,每组15例。各组术前、术后在引流量、总失血量、隐性失血量、血红蛋白含量及降低量、血小板计数、APTT、PT、FIB及大、小腿周径方面比较差异无统计学意义。结论膝关节单髁置换术后不同时段抗凝治疗对患者术后出血引流量、失血量、血红蛋白及凝血功能无显著性影响,抗凝效果无统计学差别。     

全髋关节置换术后深静脉血栓发生的随机对照研究

目的 通过随机对照研究,探讨全髋关节置换术后深静脉血栓形成的发生率和预防措施.方法 2007年5月至2008年12月行全髋关节置换术的141例患者,男53例,女88例;年龄17～86岁,平均(63.20±13.78)岁.根据是否使用低分子肝素随机分成抗凝组(82例)和非抗凝组(59例),术后均行患肢深静脉顺行性造影,明确血栓发生的部位、大小及数量.诊断标准根据1972年Rabinov和Paulin提出的诊断标准,结合国内吕厚山的相关经验进行统一诊断.根据下肢血栓的部位将血栓分为中央型、周围型和混合性血栓.结果 全髋关节置换术后深静脉血栓形成的发生率为32.62%(46例),其中中央型1例,混合型2例,周围型43例.临床症状有小腿后侧疼痛,沉重或紧张,足和踝关节周围轻度肿胀.临床体征有肌肉压痛、Homans征或Neuhof征阳性.将症状和体征都作为临床依据,其中无临床依据者共34例,占73.9%.抗凝组(82例)和非抗凝组(59例)深静脉血栓形成发生率的差异无统计学意义.结论 采用数字化下肢深静脉造影技术能准确地发现全髋关节置换术后深静脉血栓形成,临床症状与其无直接关联,低分子肝素抗凝后虽能降低深静脉血栓形成的发生率,但差异无统计学意义.     

Rigid versus flexible cystoscopy. A controlled trial of patient tolerance

The cost-efficiency and time-saving associated with out-patient flexible cystoscopy have propagated its use nationwide. However, only minimal attention has been paid to the feelings of patients exposed to this physically and emotionally invasive technique. We studied 53 consecutive patients attending for check cystoscopy at the time of their first flexible cystoscopy. Acting as their own historical controls, their feelings about rigid cystoscopy under general anaesthesia and subsequent flexible cystoscopy under local anaesthesia were assessed: 6/53 (11%) preferred rigid cystoscopy under general anaesthesia. The only significant association with their dislike of flexible cystoscopy, was their desire to stay in hospital overnight. It was concluded that with careful counselling and attention to individual needs, the preference for flexible cystoscopy over rigid cystoscopy under general anaesthesia can approach 100%.     

Prospective randomized controlled trial: conventional versus powered phlebectomy

OBJECTIVES: Transilluminated powered phlebectomy (TriVex) is a new surgical technique that uses tumescent dissection, transillumination, and powered phlebectomy. The purpose of this study was to compare TriVex with conventional varicose vein surgery in terms of pain, cosmesis, recurrence, complications, and operating time. METHODS: One hundred eighty-eight limbs in 141 patients (33 men, 108 women; mean age, 42.5 years) with varicose veins were randomised to conventional (n = 100) or TriVex (n = 88). Exclusion criteria were venous ulceration or deep venous disease. Varicosities were graded with CEAP and clinical assessment (grades 1-3), and were similar in both groups. Randomization was single blinded. Long or short saphenous vein ligation or stripping was performed as indicated with duplex scanning. Operative time was from skin incision to leg bandaging. Phlebectomy was performed with conventional stab avulsions or TriVex. Patients completed assessment forms preoperatively and postoperatively (2, 6, 26, 52 weeks), and this was supplemented with physician clinical evaluation. Pain was assessed with visual analog score. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the number of incisions for phlebectomy in the two groups (conventional, n = 29; TriVex, n = 5; P <.0001). TriVex was faster in the grade 3 (extensive) group, but this did not reach statistical significance. There was no difference in mean postoperative pain score over 8 days in the two groups (P =.4624). At 2 weeks there was no significant difference between the groups with regard to bruising (P =.77), cellulitis (P =.33), and numbness (P =.33). At 6 weeks there was no significant difference between the groups with regard to nerve injury (P =.97), residual veins (P =.79), cosmetic score (P =.837), and overall satisfaction (P =.878). At 6 and 12 months, there was no significant difference in cosmesis (P =.955, P =.088, respectively) or recurrence (P =.27, P =.11, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: TriVex is a safe and effective method for excision of varicosities and compares well, after a learning curve, with conventional surgery in regard to complications and recurrence. It has the advantage of a trend toward reduced operating time in extensive varicosities, and significantly fewer incisions, although there was no perceived difference in cosmesis during follow-up.     

Early analgesic effects of parecoxib versus ketorolac following laparoscopic sterilization: a randomized controlled trial

Background. The aim of this prospective double blind randomizedcontrolled trial was to compare the effects of ketorolac andparecoxib on early postoperative pain. Method. We studied 36 ASA I/II patients who received a standardizedgeneral anaesthetic for laparoscopic sterilization. Patientswere allocated randomly to receive either parecoxib 40 mg i.v.or ketorolac 30 mg i.v., at induction. After surgery, patientswere assessed on awakening and then at 1, 2, and 3 h. Abdominalpain at rest and on inspiration, in addition to nausea and sedationwere assessed on a 100 mm visual analogue scale. Results. Of 36 patients, one was excluded from analysis. Inthe remaining patients, pain scores at rest and on inspirationwere significantly lower in patients given ketorolac comparedwith those given parecoxib. This difference was attributableto the higher pain scores on awakening and at 1 h postoperativelyin the parecoxib group compared with the ketorolac group. Despitethis initial difference, there was no significant differencebetween the two groups in the number of patients receiving rescueanalgesia. The median (interquartile range) time to consumptionof rescue cocodamol of 60 (46–74) min in the parecoxibgroup was not significantly shorter than that of 100 (70–130)min in the ketorolac group. The amount of cyclizine given, nauseaand sedation did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusion. We found that parecoxib 40 mg i.v. given at inductionof anaesthesia was less effective than or ketorolac 30 mg i.v.,in the first hour after laparoscopic sterilization. Br J Anaesth 2004; 92: 846–9