Suboptimal iodine status of Australian pregnant women reflects poor knowledge and practices related to iodine nutrition

ObjectiveTo assess the iodine status and knowledge and practices related to iodine nutrition of Australian women during pregnancy.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at a public antenatal clinic in the Illawarra region of New South Wales. One hundred thirty-nine pregnant women across all trimesters provided a spot urine sample (n = 110) and completed a short questionnaire (n = 139) in English. Iodine status was based on World Health Organization/International Committee for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders urine iodine concentration (UIC) categories.ResultsMedian UIC was 87.5 μg/L (interquartile range 62); only 14.5% of participants had an adequate UIC value ≥150 μg/L. Fifteen percent of women had very low UIC values (<50 μg/L), whereas 45.5% had values in the 50- to 99-μg/L range. Knowledge of the adverse health effects of an inadequate iodine intake was poor. Approximately half the participants were able to indicate good dietary sources of iodine, such as fish (58%) and iodized salt (51%). However, a high level of confusion regarding other foods was evident. Only a small number of participants (11%) reported that they had intentionally changed their diet to increase iodine intake during pregnancy, but 59% indicated supplement use, of which 35% contained iodine. Those who were taking supplements that contained iodine had significantly higher UIC levels (139.1 μg/L) than those who were not (90.8 μg/L, P < 0.05).ConclusionPublic health strategies, including nutritional education and supplementation, are urgently required to improve the iodine status of pregnant women. Currently, no readily accessible information on iodine is available to women attending antenatal clinics in Australia.     

宣城市消除碘缺乏病后居民碘营养状况评估

目的动态评价人群碘营养状况及病情的消长趋势,为适时采取有针对性的防治措施和科学调整干预策略提供依据方法采取随机抽样方法,对居民户食用盐、8～10岁儿童尿碘、甲状腺肿大率、居民饮用水碘等指标进行监测分析;对小学生及家庭主妇碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率进行问卷调查结果碘盐覆盖率为99.95%,合格碘盐率为99.90%。8～10岁儿童甲状腺肿大率为1.00%,尿碘中位数为253.29ug/L,居民饮用水碘中位数为2.92ug/L,人均食盐使用量中位数为8.84g/d,小学生及家庭主妇碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率分别为96.29%、91.11%。结论宣城市消除碘缺乏病后居民碘营养水平基本适宜,但儿童摄入碘量略偏高;外环境缺碘状态未改变,需建立科学长效防治机制,保持长期消除缺乏病状态。     

A lowered salt intake does not compromise iodine status in Cape Town,South Africa,where salt iodization is mandatory

ObjectiveUniversal salt iodization is an effective strategy to optimize population-level iodine. At the same time as salt-lowering initiatives are encouraged globally, there is concern about compromised iodine intakes. This study investigated whether salt intakes at recommended levels resulted in a suboptimal iodine status in a country where salt is the vehicle for iodine fortification.MethodsThree 24-h urine samples were collected for the assessment of urinary sodium and one sample was taken for urinary iodine concentrations (UICs) in a convenience sample of 262 adult men and women in Cape Town, South Africa. Median UIC was compared across categories of sodium excretion equivalent to salt intakes lower than 5, 5 to 9, and greater than or equal to 9 g/d.ResultsThe median UIC was 120 μg/L (interquartile range 75.3–196.3), indicating iodine sufficiency. Less one-fourth (23.2%) of subjects had urinary sodium excretion values within the desirable range (salt <5 g/d), 50.7% had high values (5–9 g/d), and 22.8% had very high values (≥9 g/d). No association between urinary iodine and mean 3 × 24-h urinary sodium concentration was found (r = 0.087, P = 0.198) and UIC status did not differ according to urinary sodium categories (P = 0.804).ConclusionIn a country with mandatory universal salt iodization, consumers with salt intakes within the recommended range (<5 g/d) are iodine replete, and median UIC does not differ across categories of salt intake. This indicates that much of the dietary salt is provided from non-iodinated sources, presumably added to processed foods.     

2009 - 2018 年哈尔滨市居民碘营养状况调查

目的 调查及评价碘盐标准调整及盐业体质改革对哈尔滨市居民碘营养状况的影响。方法 收集哈尔滨市2009 - 2018年碘缺乏病监测数据,分碘盐标准调整前后和盐业体质改革前后3个阶段对盐碘及尿碘数据进行分析。结果 3个阶段盐碘中位数为31.1、26.8、24.11 mg/kg,呈下降趋势（P＜0.0167）,合格碘盐食用率为97.58%、98.23%、97.32%,出现先升后降趋势（P＜0.0167）。5年儿童尿碘中位数为205.90、177.90、169.31、154.83、152.12 μg/L,3个阶段逐渐下降（P＜0.005）;碘盐标准调整前碘缺乏人群构成（10.67%）低于碘过量人群构成（20.67%）,碘盐标准调整后碘缺乏人群构成（12.08%～ 19.14%）均大于碘过量人群构成（4.94%～13.95%）,盐业体制改革后碘缺乏是碘过量人群构成的2倍以上。5年孕妇尿碘中位数无统计学差异（183.45、164.17、198.21、193.00、186.31 μg/L,P＞0.005）;碘缺乏人群构成（23.06%～43.18%）均大于碘过量人群构成（1.33%～3.84%）,且比值均大于10倍以上。结论 碘盐标准调整使哈尔滨市儿童碘营养状况得到进一步改善,对孕妇影响不大。盐业体质改革后,合格碘盐食用率有所下降,使儿童碘缺乏风险加大。各阶段孕妇碘缺乏风险一直较高。     

福建省2009年8～10岁儿童碘营养评估

目的了解福建省儿童碘营养水平,为因地制宜、科学补碘提供依据。方法全省84个县(市、区)按5个方位随机抽取1所村小学,每所小学各随机抽检20名8～10岁儿童检测尿碘含量。结果全省共检测尿样8 218份,尿碘中位数为184.1μg/L,尿碘水平<50μg/L的占5.1%。沿海地区儿童尿碘中位数(157.7μg/L)小于内陆地区(201.1μg/L)。结论福建省儿童碘营养总体上处于适宜水平,碘营养水平主要与碘盐摄入量有关,与是否处于沿海地区无关。     

余姚市蔬菜加工区居民碘营养水平现状调查

[目的 ]　了解本市沿海蔬菜加工特殊地区人群碘营养水平现状 ,以采取相应有效的干预措施。 [方法 ]　对学生家庭食盐碘含量及 8～ 10岁儿童甲状腺肿大率和尿碘进行监测 ,同时测定孕妇、新婚育龄妇女、哺乳期妇女、0～ 2岁婴幼儿尿碘水平 ,以及新生儿促甲状腺素 (TSH)水平。 [结果 ]　学生家庭合格碘盐食用率 2 8.78%,8～ 10岁儿童甲状腺肿大率 4.2 8%,尿碘中位数 40 μg/L ,<5 0 μg/L的占 5 9.33 %,新生儿TSH值大于 5 μU/mL的占 2 3 .33 %。同期人群合格碘盐食用率 10 0 %,甲状腺肿大率 5 .8%,尿碘中位数 172 .5 μg/L ,<5 0 μg/L的占 16 .6 7%,新生儿TSH值大于 5 μU/mL的占3 .33 %。 [结论 ]　蔬菜加工区人群正处于隐匿性碘缺乏 ,必须引起各级政府部门的高度重视     

济南市8～10岁儿童碘营养水平分析

目的通过对8～10岁儿童尿碘含量和甲状腺肿大率进行分析,掌握济南市儿童碘营养水平及分布状况,为制定碘缺乏病防治对策提供依据。方法在济南市8个县(市)、区采取随机抽样的方法,对8～10岁的儿童进行尿碘和甲状腺检测。结果本次调查共检测850份尿样,尿碘中位数为146.61μg/L;尿碘<20μg/L的占11.2%;尿碘在20～50μg/L之间占9.8%;尿碘在50～100μg/L之间占17.4%;尿碘在100～300μg/L之间占42.7%;尿碘>300μg/L的占18.9%。儿童甲状腺肿大率为3.16%。不同县(市)、区儿童尿碘水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同年龄、不同性别儿童尿碘水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论济南市8～10岁儿童的碘营养水平达到国家消除碘缺乏病的标准。     

珠海市8～10岁儿童碘营养状况分析

[目的]了解珠海市8～10岁儿童碘营养状况,为制定碘缺乏病防治策略提供基础数据。[方法]以县(区)为单位,按"东、西、南、北、中"5方位抽取随机抽取5所小学;在所抽取小学各随机抽检20名8～10岁儿童尿样,用砷铈催化分光光度法检测其尿碘浓度。[结果]各监测区8～10岁儿童尿碘中位数为200.43～237.81μg/L,50μg/L以下所占比例为1%～3%。全市8～10岁儿童尿碘中位数213.05μg/L,50μg/L以下所占比例为1.67%。[结论]珠海市8～10岁儿童碘营养状态略超过适宜量,处于可接受水平。     

2009年济南市育龄妇女尿碘水平调查

[目的]了解济南市居民碘营养水平,为制定碘缺乏病防治对策提供依据。[方法]2009年,在济南市9个县（市、区）随机抽取15～55岁的育龄妇女合计1278名,采集尿样检测碘含量。[结果]检测1278份尿样,尿碘值为1．59～2946．38μg／L,中位数为102．06μg／L。其中,尿碘〈100μg／L的占48．59％,100～199μg／L的占32．79％,200-300μg／L的占11．42％,〉300μg／L的占7．20％。尿碘中位数,章丘市最低（75．71μg／L）,济阳县最高（159．06μg／L）,市中区、槐荫区、章丘市、长清区、平阴县均低于100μg／L,历下区、天桥区、历城区在100-200μg／L;市区为108．40μg／L,郊县为92．99μg／L;15-24岁为81．51μg／L,25～34岁为109．93μg／L,35～44岁为106．31μg／L,45～55岁为101．53μg／L。[结论]济南市育龄妇女尿碘水平处于理想状态,部分地区碘营养水平有待提高。     

Iodine Nutrition Status and Knowledge,Attitude, and Behavior in Tehranian Women Following 2 Decades Without Public Education

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of iodine nutrition status and knowledge, attitude, and behavior in Tehranian women after 2 decades without updating public education.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingEight health care centers from 4 district areas of Tehran.ParticipantsA total of 383 women aged ≥ 19 years, randomly selected.Main Outcome MeasuresIodine concentration of 24-hour urine samples, iodine content of household salts, and knowledge, attitude, and practice scores regarding iodine nutrition and iodized salt.AnalysisMultiple logistic regression was used to identify the association of knowledge, attitude, and practice scores with urinary iodine concentration (UIC) < 100 μg/L.ResultsThe percentages of Tehranian women with high knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 26%, 26%, and 14%, respectively. Practice score was significantly different between females with UIC < 100 and > 100 μg/L (P = .001). Risk of UIC < 100 μg/L in women of childbearing age (19–45 years) after adjustment of education level, region of residence, and iodine content of salt was significantly associated with intermediate practice score (odds ratio = 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–13.2).Conclusions and ImplicationsMarginally suboptimal iodine status in women of childbearing age can be attributed to inappropriate practices, but not to knowledge and attitude.     

2014年常州市碘缺乏病综合监测结果分析

摘要:目的　分析2014年常州市碘缺乏病监测结果,为科学防治碘缺乏病提供依据。方法　2014年在常州市7个辖市、区进行居民户盐碘监测。在金坛市、溧阳市、武进区、天宁区开展人群碘营养监测,检查学龄儿童甲状腺、检测学龄儿童、育龄妇女尿中碘浓度。枯水期（1-3月）对金坛市、溧阳市农村水厂监测点进行水碘监测。结果　全市共抽检1980份盐样,碘盐覆盖率99.04%,合格碘盐食用率97.35%,盐碘含量中位数为23.9 mg/kg。全市共检查8～10岁儿童1000名,发现2例Ⅰ度肿大,甲状腺肿大率为0.2%。检测儿童尿样400份,尿碘中位数为154.23 μg/L;检测育龄妇女尿样200份,尿碘中位数为116.26 μg/L。共监测23个农村水厂,枯水期末梢水水碘中位数为7.17 μg/L。结论　常州市碘缺乏病防治效果显著,要继续加强碘缺乏病监测,动态评价人群碘营养水平。     

2018年天津市水源性高碘地区学龄儿童碘营养现况调查

目的 了解水源性高碘地区学龄儿童碘营养现状及甲状腺肿大情况,为开展高碘危害防治工作提供参考依据。方法 从水源性高碘地区5个街/镇中,选择2 207名学龄儿童作为调查对象,采集儿童尿样测定尿碘含量,检测儿童甲状腺容积。结果 调查地区水碘含量范围是100.4～175.1 μg/L,各街/镇水碘中位数差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 19.422,P = 0.001）。儿童尿碘中位数为215.96 μg/L（141.88～307.66 μg/L）,男童尿碘中位数高于女童（Z = -2.768,P = 0.006）,各街/镇儿童尿碘中位数差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 71.981,P＜0.001）。儿童甲状腺容积中位数为3.2 mL（2.5～4.1mL）,甲肿率为3.7%。各街/镇儿童甲状腺容积中位数差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 311.402,P＜0.001）,甲肿率差异无统计学意义（χ2 = 7.117,P = 0.130）。水碘与尿碘（rs = -0.037,P = 0.084）、甲状腺肿大（rs = - 0.022,P = 0.302）,尿碘与甲状腺肿大（rs = - 0.027,P = 0.209）之间相关性均无统计学意义。结论 本次调查研究暂未发现水碘、尿碘与甲状腺肿大之间的关联性。水源性高碘地区学龄儿童碘营养处于超足量水平,甲肿率高于我国多个省份,有关部门应当引起重视,因地制宜的制定防治方案。     

日照市缺碘调查与补碘现状分析

[目的]调查日照市居民碘营养水平,为碘缺乏病的防治提供基础资料与科学依据。[方法]在所辖区域范围内,对居民饮用水水碘水平、8～10岁儿童尿碘水平、甲状腺疾病病例尿碘水平、居民食用碘盐状况等进行调查。[结果]日照市水碘中位数为4．1μg／L,8～10岁儿童尿碘中位数为266．1μg／L,甲状腺疾病病例组尿碘中位数略高于对照组,居民户碘盐指标均达到了国家碘缺乏病消除标准。[结论]日照市属碘缺乏地区,实施补碘措施后,人群碘营养水平达到充足且稍偏高状态。     

Iodine status assessment in Campania (Italy) as determined by urinary iodine excretion

ObjectiveMild iodine deficiency was first documented in Campania in the 1990s. We assessed the urinary iodine nutritional status of schoolchildren in Campania before the introduction of legislation for salt iodization and compared the findings with previous results to evaluate to what extent “silent” iodine prophylaxis, which accompanies socioeconomic advances, affects iodine status.MethodsWe examined 10552 schoolchildren aged 9–13 y from the five Campania provinces. The study was conducted from April 1999 to October 2002. Urinary iodine excretion was measured in morning urine samples with the AutoAnalyzer 3, an automated system based on the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction. Data were interpreted according to World Health Organization criteria.ResultsThe median urinary iodine excretion level in Campania was less than 100 μμg/L, which indicates insufficient iodine intake. Mild iodine deficiency was identified in all provinces, namely Napoli, Salerno, Caserta, Avellino, and Benevento, with median urinary iodine excretions of 87, 81, 72, 64, and 61 μg/L, respectively. Overall, the analysis of frequency distribution showed values below 50 and 100 μg/L in 32% and 61% of children, respectively. These values were lower than those previously reported for Campania.ConclusionThis study confirms that Campania is a mild iodine deficiency area. The decrease in iodine deficiency versus previous studies indicates that silent prophylaxis plays a relevant role in this condition, but it is not sufficient to eradicate it. Our data will serve as a basis for future evaluations of iodine status in Campania.     

河北省吴桥县8～10岁儿童碘营养状况调查研究

目的了解河北省吴桥县8～10岁儿童碘营养状况。方法对吴桥县1209名8～10岁儿童进行甲状腺触诊,对584名儿童采集尿样,尿碘的测定采用过硫酸铵消化-砷铈催化分光光度测定,采集250份居民户食用盐样,食用盐中碘含量的测定采用直接滴定法。结果共发现74例甲状腺肿大者,肿大率为6.1%。尿碘中位数为208.36μg/L,每人每天碘摄入量为312.54μg/d。尿样中尿碘<50μg/L的样本占总检测数的4.6%,尿碘<100μg/L的样本占总检测数的18.5%,尿碘在200～299μg/L的样本占总检测数的27.2%,尿碘≥300μg/L的样本占总检测数的26.5%。盐碘中位数为26.96mg/kg,碘盐覆盖率为77%、碘盐合格率为94%、合格碘盐食用率为72%。结论吴桥县的甲状腺肿属于地方性的,该县儿童尿碘水平超过了适宜范围,存在碘营养过剩。     

广西沿海农村地区育龄妇女碘营养状况研究

目的掌握广西沿海农村地区育龄妇女碘营养状况及其影响因素,为防制碘缺乏病提供科学依据。方法采用抽样方法从广西沿海6个县（区）的农村中抽取对象,即每个项目县（区）各抽取3个行政村,每个行政村抽取2个自然村屯,每个自然村屯随机抽取6名18～40岁育龄妇女。采用人户调查方式,用自行设计的调查问卷收集调查对象的一般情况、个人健康状况及个人膳食摄入情况,同时采集家中饮用水、食用盐和尿样测定碘含量。结果本次共调查了272名18～40岁育龄妇女,尿碘中位数为68．65μg／L,平均碘摄入量为804．93μg/d。采集食用盐272份,食盐中碘平均含量为（6．78±12．04）mg/kg,碘盐仅占25．74％。采集饮用水272份,水碘中位数为2．25μg／L。结论广西沿海农村地区育龄妇女碘营养不足,应积极采取有效措施,提高碘盐覆盖率,降低碘缺乏风险。     

2011-2014年常州市重点人群碘营养监测结果分析

摘要:目的　分析2011-2014年常州市重点人群碘营养的变化情况,为科学防治碘缺乏病提供依据。方法　2011-2014年在相关区县开展人群碘营养监测,检查学龄儿童甲状腺,检测学龄儿童、育龄妇女尿中碘浓度和家中食盐碘含量。结果　2011-2014年全市学龄儿童甲状腺肿大率分别为0（0/500）、0.1%（1/1 400）、0（0/750）、0.2%（2/1000）。2011-2014年,盐碘均数分别为31.07 mg/kg、25.86 mg/kg、24.87 mg/kg、26.71 mg/kg;盐碘含量在18～33 mg/kg的频率分别为72.5%、88.6%、94.9%、90.5%。2011-2014年学龄儿童尿碘中位数分别为244.80 μg/L、225.57 μg/L、198.31 μg/L、154.23 μg/L,逐渐下降;尿碘值在100～199 μg/L的分别占29.0%、30.7%、42.7%、43.8%,逐渐升高。育龄妇女尿碘中位数分别为220.80 μg/L、160.40 μg/L、180.12 μg/L、116.26 μg/L,呈下降趋势;尿碘值在100～199 μg/L的分别占31.0%、43.9%、50.0%、43.0%。结论　2012年盐碘含量调整后,常州市学龄儿童、育龄妇女的尿碘水平呈下降趋势,今后应进一步加强重点人群碘营养监测。     

2013年10月-2014年8月天津市孕妇食盐摄碘量及碘营养水平调查

目的 掌握天津市孕妇食盐摄碘量及碘营养水平,分析盐碘与碘营养的关系,为孕妇科学补碘提供依据。 方法 2013年10月-2014年8月,在全市6个区县,采取分层随机抽样方法,每个区县抽取孕早(≤12周)、孕中(13～28周)、孕晚期(29～40周)的孕妇各约30名,6个区县共545名(孕早、中、晚期各173、203、169名)孕妇采集其随机尿样25 ml测定尿碘,采集孕妇家庭盐样测定盐碘,并采用3 d称量法测量人均食盐摄入量。 结果 孕妇家庭碘盐覆盖率为85.29%,盐碘中位数为24.3 mg/kg(四分位数间距 21.8~26.9 mg/kg),人均摄盐量(10.34±5.32) g/d,不同孕期、不同区县间每日摄盐量差异无统计学意义(分别F=1.022,P=0.360; F=0.692,P=0.630)。食盐摄碘量中位数为187.11 μg/d(四分位数间距 119.73~267.17 μg/d),不同孕期食盐摄碘量差异无统计学意义(H=1.640, P=0.440),不同区县食盐摄碘量差异有统计学意义(H=13.667, P=0.018)。尿碘中位数为127.20 μg/L(四分位数间距 82.44~184.95 μg/L),不同孕期、不同区县尿碘差异均无统计学意义(分别H=3.264,P=0.196; H=3.599, P=0.609)。62.57%的孕妇碘营养不足,24.59%的孕妇碘营养适宜,11.01%的孕妇碘营养超过适宜量,还有1.83%的孕妇碘过量。 结论 天津市孕妇碘营养处于不足状态,目前盐碘浓度对孕妇碘营养略有不足。     

2016-2018年山西省孕妇碘营养水平调查

目的了解山西省孕妇的碘营养水平,为指导孕妇科学补碘提供依据。方法2016-2018年,在山西省分别抽取40、80、118个县,每个县按东、西、南、北、中5个方位各抽取1个乡镇,每个乡镇抽取20名孕妇,采集孕妇家中食用盐盐样及随意尿样,分别检测盐碘、尿碘含量。结果2016-2018年分别采集孕妇家中盐样3590、7907、11750份,盐碘中位数分别为23.80、23.70、23.25 mg/kg,合格碘盐食用率分别为91.06%(3269/3590)、90.06%(7121/7907)、92.21%(10835/11750),碘盐覆盖率分别为97.72%(3508/3590)、97.00%(7670/7907)、98.53%(11577/11750),碘盐合格率分别为93.19%(3269/3508)、92.84%(7121/7670)、93.59%(10835/11577)。不同年份孕妇盐碘中位数和合格碘盐食用率比较,差异均有统计学意义(H=99.915,χ²=27.988,P均<0.05)。分别检测孕妇尿样3902、7892、11745份,尿碘中位数(四分位数间距)分别为174.20(114.00,251.08)、180.70(117.13,258.58)、179.40(115.90,249.00)μg/L,不同年份孕妇尿碘中位数比较差异有统计学意义(H=12.368,P<0.05)。2016-2018年处于碘适宜水平的县分别占70.00%(28/40)、73.75%(59/80)、70.34%(83/118)。2018年孕早、中、晚期孕妇(n=2225、5727、3793)尿碘中位数(四分位数间距)分别为177.62(117.28,257.23)、178.21(117.40,248.40)、172.70(112.98,245.70)μg/L,不同孕期孕妇尿碘水平比较差异有统计学意义(H=11.077,P<0.05)。结论2016-2018年山西省孕妇碘营养水平总体处于适宜状态,但部分地区孕妇存在碘缺乏与超适宜量的问题;应加强对不同孕期孕妇尿碘含量的动态监测,对孕妇加强健康教育,指导孕妇科学与精准补碘。     

盐碘含量调整前后天津市人群碘营养调查分析

目的分析天津市盐碘含量调整前后人群碘营养状况,为适时调整碘缺乏病防治措施提供科学依据。方法采用人口比例概率抽样法,分别在食盐碘含量调整前(2005、2011年)和调整后(2014、2017年)抽检了8~10岁儿童家庭食用盐样、尿碘和甲状腺肿大情况及孕妇尿碘水平,并对检测结果进行比对分析。结果盐碘含量调整前后碘盐中位数由30.20 mg/kg下降至26.05 mg/kg,调整前后碘盐含量比较差异有统计学意义(Z=12.867,P<0.001)。调整后碘盐覆盖率、碘盐合格率、合格碘盐食用率分别为78.68%、81.01%、63.74%,与调整前(92.44%、96.78%、89.47%)比较差异均有统计学意义(χ2=221.916、309.405、540.148,P均<0.001)。8~10岁儿童尿碘中位数由210.10μg/L下降至172.08μg/L,调整前后比较差异有统计学意义(Z=3.351,P<0.001)。儿童甲肿率由2.21%下降为2.05%,调整前后比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.196,P=0.658)。按盐碘浓度分层分析后发现,在吃碘盐和合格碘盐的儿童中,调整后的尿碘中位数均低于调整前,差异具有统计学意义(Z=2.726、2.742,P均<0.001),但尿碘处于适宜水平的比例均高于调整前。孕妇尿碘中位数由145.20μg/L上升至147.17μg/L,调整前后比较差异无统计学意义(Z=1.121,P=0.162),调整后孕妇尿碘中位数150~250μg/L的比例(31.02%)明显大于调整前(24.53%,χ2=4.769,P=0.029)。结论天津市盐碘含量调整后,儿童碘营养由高于适宜水平优化至适宜水平,甲肿率仍然保持在较低水平。孕妇碘营养略低于适宜水平,但处于适宜范围的孕妇比例有所提升。新的盐碘含量标准适宜,对天津市人群的健康更为有利,但儿童尿碘<100μg/L的比例增大,需引起重视。同时碘盐覆盖率及合格碘盐食用率均未达到碘缺乏病消除标准,应加大对盐业市场的监管力度。