高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者胰岛素抵抗临床分析

目的:探讨高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者发生胰岛素抵抗(IR)情况。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,选择高血压患者93例,根据多导睡眠仪监测的结果,将合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者42例作为睡眠呼吸暂停组,单纯高血压患者51例作为高血压组,所入选的患者均行血生化检查。结果:(1)睡眠呼吸暂停组的收缩压、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、体质量、体质量指数(BMI)、颈围、腰围、臀围、腰臀比、空腹血糖(FPG)、2h血糖(2hPG)、空腹血胰岛素(FIns)和稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)均高于高血压组(P<0.05);(2)睡眠呼吸暂停组的呼吸暂停或低通气次数、呼吸暂停或低通气累计时间、AHI、平均血氧饱和度、夜间平均血氧饱和度、血氧饱和度<90%时间、血氧饱和度<90%缺氧事件总数、睡眠期间血氧饱和度<90%的时间占睡眠时间百分比均高于高血压组(P<0.01);(3)Pearson相关分析显示,IR与TC、TG、FIns、FPG、2hPG、体质量、BMI、颈围、腰围、臀围、腰臀比、呼吸暂停或低通气次数、呼吸暂停或低通气累计时间、AHI、血氧饱和度<90%时间和血氧饱和度<90%缺氧事件总数呈正相关,IR与夜间平均血氧饱和度呈负相关;(4)以IR为因变量行多元线性逐步回归分析,FIns、FPG、腰围和呼吸暂停或低通气累计时间是IR的独立影响因素。结论:高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者的糖代谢异常和夜间缺氧可能参与IR。     

11O例老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者多导睡眠监测及相关分析

目的 加深对老年患者阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apneahypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)特点的认识,提高老年OSAHS诊治水平.方法 对我院睡眠呼吸障碍与鼾症诊治中心诊断的110例老年OSAHS患者的整夜多导睡眠图(PSG)监测资料进行回顾性分析,应用SPSS 18.0统计软件对患者的一般情况、睡眠结构、呼吸暂停和低通气情况、氧减饱和情况以及各指标间可能的相关关系进行统计分析.结果老年OSAHS患者中位快动眼相(rapid eye movement,REM)和非快动眼相(NREM)睡眠时间分别占2.17%和76.73%;中位觉醒指数为45.60次/h.呼吸暂停最长时间为(51.94±22.06)s,中位呼吸暂停平均时间为22.50 s,低通气最长时间为(47.06±12.52)s,低通气平均时间为(21.50±4.63)s.中位呼吸紊乱指数(respiratory disturbance index,RD1)为21.50,RDI 5～20者占46.40%,20～40者占31.80%,＞40者占21.80%.夜间平均血氧饱和度为(93.45±2.81)%,夜间最低血氧饱和度为(76.30±10.50)%,中位氧减饱和指数为31.65次/h.体质指数(BMI)与夜间最低血氧饱和度(r=-0.378,P＜0.01)和夜间平均血氧饱和度(r=-0.355,P＜0.01)呈负相关,与氧减指数呈正相关(r=0.338,P＜0.01);夜间最低血氧饱和度与阻塞性呼吸暂停最长时间(r=-0.47,P＜0.01)、阻塞性呼吸暂停平均时间(r=-0.31 6,P＜0.01)、低通气最长时间(r=-0.293,P＜0.01)和低通气平均时间(r=-0.277,P＜0.01)呈负相关.仰卧位睡眠时中位氧减时间间隔为2.36 min,左侧卧位睡眠时中位氧减时间间隔为11.54 min,右侧卧位睡眠时中位氧减时间间隔为12.45 min,左侧卧位和右侧卧位睡眠时中位氧减时间间隔均长于仰卧位(Z值分别为-6.12和-7.10,均P＜0.01).结论 老年OSAHS患者存在明显的睡眠结构紊乱和睡眠片段化.依据RDI对患者的病情分级,大多数OSAHS患者为轻、中度,但缺氧程度较重,缺氧严重度与BMI和睡眠呼吸事件的持续时间相关,侧卧睡眠时缺氧程度减轻.     

老年心血管疾病患者阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的评价

目的 评价老年心血管疾病患者阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)的患病情况和特点,为临床决策提供参考. 方法 采用便携式睡眠监测仪对入住在老年心内科的患者,进行睡眠呼吸监测,了解其阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)的患病情况. 结果 共监测了317例老年心血管疾病患者的夜间睡眠呼吸紊乱情况,得出符合OSA[睡眠呼吸紊乱指数(AHI)≥5]的有281例,占88.6%;符合阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)[AHI≥5,Epworth量表(ESS)≥9分]的有47例,占14.8%.多元回归分析结果 提示,以OSA严重程度作为因变量,对它影响有显著性意义的是最低血氧饱和度和血氧饱和度下降指数(简称氧减指数),而年龄、习惯性打鼾、嗜睡评分、体质指数(BMI)、血氧饱和度平均值和低于90%的时间对其影响无显著性意义. 结论 老年心血管疾病患者中OSAS具有高的患病率,而且无白天嗜睡症状的OSA的老年人患病率更高.对睡眠呼吸暂停严重程度的独立预测因子是最低血氧饱和度氧减指数,而老年人的年龄、BMI、是否经常打鼾、是否白天嗜睡与OSA的严重程度关系不密切.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者初筛监测数据间的相关性

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者年龄、暂停低通气指数(AHI)、体重指数(BMI)、鼾声指数、呼吸暂停低通气累积时间(min)、最低血氧饱和度(Sa O_2)等监测数据的相关性。方法选择72例鼾症患者,对睡眠初筛诊断仪记录所得数据选取依AHI诊断为OSAS患者的年龄、AHI、BMI、鼾声指数、呼吸暂停低通气累积时间及最低Sa O_2等指标进行相关性分析。结果年龄与最低Sa O_2、AHI与BMI、AHI与呼吸暂停低通气累积时间、BMI与鼾声指数呈正相关;年龄与AHI、年龄与鼾声指数、年龄与呼吸暂停低通气累积时间、AHI与最低Sa O_2呈负相关。结论OSAS患者的严重程度、鼾声的大小及发生睡眠呼吸暂停低通气累积时随着年龄的增加而降低,出现最低Sa O_2的点位则随年龄增加而增高。     

合并睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的老年慢性阻塞性肺病患者的临床特点分析

目的分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）,即重叠综合征患者睡眠呼吸紊乱的临床特点,比较门诊和住院COPD患者的呼吸紊乱情况。方法对Epworth嗜睡量表评分≥10,夜间氧减饱和指数ODI4（每小时血氧饱和度下降4％的次数）≥5的门诊及住院稳定期300例COPD患者进行多导睡眠图监测。结果住院COPD患者的呼吸紊乱程度更严重,住院与门诊COPD合并OSAHS患者在体重指数、血氧饱和度低于90％的时间占总记录时间的百分比、夜间平均血氧饱和度、夜间最低血氧饱和度、呼吸紊乱指数等方面差异显著。此外,住院COPD患者睡眠中心率增快。结论睡眠呼吸紊乱可以影响并加重COPD患者病情。     

经鼻罩auto-CPAP治疗OSAHS 34例临床观察

目的探讨经鼻罩自动持续气道正压通气(auto-CPAP)治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAHS)的临床作用。方法34例经多导睡眠图(PSG)诊断的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征经auto-CPAP治疗前后睡眠呼吸紊乱指数(AHI)、最低血氧饱和度(LSO2)、血氧下降4%次数、血氧90%的时间进行观察。结果治疗前后睡眠呼吸紊乱指数(AHI)、最低血氧饱和度(LSO2)、血氧下降4%的次数、血氧90%的时间比较差异有显著性意义。结论auto-CPAP是一安全、有效、无创治疗OSAHS的措施。     

无锡地区194例成年鼾症患者多导睡眠检测分析

目的了解本地区不同年龄组鼾症与睡眠呼吸暂停低通气（OSAHS）成年患者睡眠结构、夜间呼吸及血氧情况的差异及其危害性。方法194例成年鼾症患者PSG监测7h，记录睡眠效率（SEF％）、REM周期（REM cycle）及各睡眠期占睡眠时间百分比，最长呼吸暂停时间、总共呼吸暂停时间、总共低通气时间、睡眠呼吸紊乱指数（AHI），平均血氧饱和度（MSaO2）、最低血氧饱和度（LSaO2）、SaO2〈90％的时间占总睡眠时间百分数（SIT90％）；SaO2〈80％的时间占总睡眠时间百分数（SIT80％）；氧减饱和指数（ODI。）等指标。根据结果在不同年龄组间分为OSAHS组和单纯鼾症组进行资料对比。结果各年龄组中OSAHS患者相对单纯鼾症患者在睡眠结构、夜间呼吸情况及夜间血氧情况分析，不同指标均存在明显差异。结论本地区不同年龄层次的OSAHS患者的发病率可能随年龄增长而增高；不同年龄组别OSAHS患者较单纯鼾症患者睡眠呼吸紊乱均较明显，OSAHS的危害应当引起广泛重视。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征血压变化的相关性研究

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者的血压变化及其相关因素。方法对206例睡眠打鼾患者行多导睡眠图(PSG)监测,其中OSAHS 168例,单纯打鼾患者38例,同时对30例无睡眠打鼾者作为正常对照组行PSG检测,分别观测各组睡前、晨起血压变化,同时对OSAHS组晨起舒张压与呼吸暂停指数、低通气指数、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、夜间最低血氧饱和度(SaO_2)、夜间平均SaO_2、SaO_2低于90%时间(T90)相关性进行分析。结果正常对照组及单纯鼾症组相比睡前、晨起血压变化不明显;OSAHS各组睡前、晨起收缩压变化不明显,而舒张压晨起较睡前明显升高,晨起舒张压变化与呼吸暂停指数、低通气指数、AHI、T90成正相关,与夜间最低SaO_2成负相关。结论 OSAHS患者血压变化主要以舒张压升高为主,睡眠呼吸紊乱对于OSAHS血压升高有着重要的意义,OSAHS可能为高血压发病的独立危险因素之一。     

老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征日间嗜睡相关危险因素

目的分析老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者日间嗜睡的相关危险因素。方法经多导睡眠监测(PSG)确诊为OSAHS的老年患者114例,根据爱泼沃斯嗜睡量表(ESS)结果分为嗜睡组(ESS≥9分)与非嗜睡组(ESS9分),比较两组一般情况、病史及多导睡眠监测(PSG)指标。结果两组男女比例、体重、颈围、平均血氧饱和度(MSaO2)、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、最低血氧饱和度(LSaO 2)、微觉醒指数差异有统计学意义(P0. 05);进行二元多因素Logistic回归分析,AHI进入模型(P=0. 01,OR=2. 607)。结论老年OSAHS嗜睡患者以男性为主;体重、颈围、AHI、微觉醒指数、LSaO 2、MSaO2是导致老年OSAHS嗜睡的危险因素,其中AHI是老年OSAHS患者日间嗜睡的独立危险因素。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病和OSAHS重叠综合症27例临床分析

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的影响。方法分析82例慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者和27例重叠综合征(慢性阻塞性肺疾病及阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征重叠)患者的临床资料,比较其1秒钟用力呼气量,多导睡眠图监测中最低血氧饱和度,血氧饱和度低于90%占监测总时间的百分比,日间最低血氧饱和度,发生Ⅱ呼吸衰竭的例数,合并肝肾功能异常、高血压、糖尿病或心脑血管病得例数,死亡率。结果重叠综合征患者的日间、夜间最低血氧饱和度、血氧饱和度低于90%占监测总时间的百分比、发生Ⅱ呼吸衰竭的比例,并发肝肾功能异常、高血压、糖尿病或心脑血管病的比例及死亡率均显著高于慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者(P0.05)。结论及时发现慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者中是否合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的存在非常重要。     

Age related differences in electroencephalographic and cardiac arousal at the termination of sleep apnea/hypopnea

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to determine whether electroencephalographic (EEG) and cardiac arousal, i.e. heart rate elevation at the termination of apnea/hypopnea are related to aging. METHODS: The subjects were 13 middle-aged (40-60 years of age, 47.8+/-5.35 years) and 10 elderly (>60 years of age, 69.8+/-5.31 years) male patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. We evaluated the number of apneas per an hour of sleep (apnea index: AI), the number of hypopneas per an hour of sleep (hypopnea index: HI), the summation of HI and AI (apnea/hypopnea index: AHI), sleep stage, the amount of time during which nocturnal oxygen saturation was decreased below 90% (oxygen desaturation time: ODT), and EEG and cardiac arousal at the termination of apnea/hypopnea using polysomnography with pulse oximetry. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in AHI, duration of apnea/hypopnea, and sleep stage distribution between the two groups. However, the ratio of apnea/hypopnea with EEG and cardiac arousal was significantly higher in middle-aged than in elderly patients. The ratio of HI to AHI was significantly lower in middle-aged than in elderly patients. In middle-aged patients, EEG and cardiac arousal were significantly correlated with AI, AHI, and ODT, whereas, in elderly patients, these parameters were not similarly correlated. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the differences in EEG and cardiac arousal, and the pattern of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) between middle-aged and elderly patients with SDB might be a physiological phenomenon of aging.     

Usefulness of arousals for the detection of sleep breathing disorder]

Because of the difference of sensitivity among measurement techniques, upper airway obstruction events cannot always be scored as apnea or hypopnea. We hypothesized that arousal accompanied with breathing disturbance is a more sensitive index for the diagnosis of sleep breathing disorders than others. We studied 75 patients with sleep breathing disorder by polysomnograph. Breathing disturbance related arousal (B-Ar) was defined as an arousal accompanied with at least one of the following (apnea, hypopnea, more than 4% oxygen desaturation, snoring), and the breathing disturbance indices were compared. There were close relationships between B-ArI and apnea hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (DI), and percent of total sleep time with SpO2 below 90% in all patients (r = 0.93, r = 0.58, r = 0.92, respectively, all p < 0.001). In 25 patients whose AHI was below 20 per hour, no relationship between B-ArI and AHI was found, and B-ArI was significantly greater than AHI. Thus, B-ArI seemed to be more sensitive than AHI. In all 6 patients whose AHI was below 10, B-ArI was lowered decreased by continuous nasal positive airway pressure therapy. These results suggest that B-ArI may be more sensitive in the detection of sleep breathing disorders than the other indices when AHI is below 20 per hour.     

老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者睡眠监测及临床特点分析

目的分析老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（obstructive sleep apnea syndrome OSAS）患者的多导睡眠监测特点。方法比较中青年组72例、老年组42例的多导睡眠监测（polysomnography，PSG）资料及临床资料。结果老年组呼吸暂停低通气指数（apnea hypopnea index，AHI）、微觉醒指数（arousal index，ArI）与中青年组相比均较低，最低血氧饱和度（SaO2）与中青年相比却较高，睡眠结构两组类似，差异无显著性，P〉0．05；老年OSAS中打鼾、夜间憋醒、觉醒时头痛、白天困倦等症状与中青年患者比较较轻，但各系统并发症较多，差异有显著性。结论老年组OSAS患者呼吸紊乱及缺氧程度较轻，临床症状较轻但睡眠结构紊乱的程度与中青年组基本接近。     

Influence of movement arousal on circadian rhythm of blood pressure in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hypothesis that repeated arousals at the termination of apnea/hypopnea in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are related to abnormal circadian rhythm of blood pressure (BP). DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed polysomnography (PSG) with pulse oximetry in 26 middle-aged patients with OSAS aged 42-58 years (mean age 51.8 years). The intensity of arousal on PSG was graded into two levels: grade 1 (EEG arousal, EA), an abrupt shift in EEG frequency, and grade 2 (movement arousal, MA), EEG arousal with an increase in electromyogram activity lasting at least 3 s. The number of apnea/hypopneas per hour (apnea/hypopnea index, AHI), and length of time during which nocturnal oxygen saturation decreased below 90% (oxygen desaturation time, ODT) were also evaluated. Percentage EA and %MA were assessed by the ratio of the number of apneas and hypopneas with EA or MA to the number of apneas and hypopneas in total. The 24 h systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured noninvasively. Multiple regression analysis was performed among AHI, ODT, %EA and %MA or among age, body mass index and %MA. RESULTS: The %MA was the most significant factor contributing to the elevated 24 h SBP (r= 0.46, P< 0.05); oxygen desaturation (r= 0.44, P< 0.05) was the next most important contributing factor. The level and pattern of 24 h BP differed significantly between the patients with %MA 85% and %MA < 85% (mean 24 h SBP: 147 +/- 16.8 versus 125 +/- 19.6 mmHg, P< 0.01; mean 24 h DBP: 97.5 +/- 14.3 versus 85.6 +/- 14.6 mmHg, P< 0.01), and also differed between those with severe OSAS, i.e. ODT > or = 130 min, and mild to moderate OSAS, i.e. ODT < 130 min, (mean 24 h SBP: 149 +/- 15.8 versus 132 +/- 20.6 mmHg, P < 0.01; mean 24 h DBP: 100 +/- 14.1 versus 87.4 +/- 14.0 mmHg, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that MA and oxygen desaturation in OSAS make an important contribution to abnormal circadian rhythm of BP. We conclude that repeated end-apneic arousal and/or hypoxic asphyxia and the subsequent sleep fragmentation may contibute to nocturnal and diurnal elevation of BP.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸障碍患者频繁觉醒的原因探讨

目的探讨导致睡眠呼吸障碍患者睡眠中频繁发生觉醒的原因。方法对因有白天过度困倦而就诊的25例患者作全晚多导睡眠图(PSG)检查和呼吸模式分析,并与7名健康正常人对照。按国际标准人工判断觉醒。结果上气道阻力综合征(UARS)组10例,呼吸暂停／低呼吸指数(AHI)（2.5±1.4）次/h,动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)<90%累计时间%(SLT90%)（0.1±0.1）%,觉醒指数(ArI)（30±16）次/h;阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)组15例,AHI（32.8±19.1）次/h,SLT90%（11.3±16.5）%,ArI（35±17）次/h;正常人组7名,AHI（5.9±4.4）次/h,SLT90%（0.2±0.4）%,ArI（13±5）次/h。OSAS和UARS组的ArI无统计学差异(H=0.49,P=0.48),均高于正常对照组的ArI(H分别为7.36和5.22,P值分别为0.001和0.02),但UARS组AHI、SLT90%明显低于OSAS组(H>5.00,P<0.05),与正常组相近(P>0.05)。结论睡眠时上气道吸气性阻力增高,是导致睡眠频繁觉醒的主要原因。     

老年人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与冠心病关系的探讨

目的　探讨老年冠心病患者睡眠呼吸障碍的发生情况及其与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法　应用多导睡眠监护仪对4 8例老年冠心病患者进行监测。以呼吸紊乱指数(AHI) 15作为界值,共有2 2例诊断为阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS) ,将其分为冠心病组和冠心病合并OSAS组。进行睡眠监测时同时行2 4h动态心电图检查。结果　冠心病合并OSAS组与对照组比较,AHI为(39.6±12 .3) ,该组有着更低的血氧饱和度和胰岛素敏感指数。而且该组患者夜间发生ST段压低例数明显多于对照组。结论　老年冠心病患者合并OSAS夜间出现心肌缺血的发生率高,与严重的夜间低氧血症有关,并且存在着明显的胰岛素抵抗。     

Sleep-related breathing disorders are associated with ventricular arrhythmias in patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

STUDY OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of sleep-related breathing disorders (SBDs) on the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias treated with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. PATIENTS: Thirty-eight patients with LVEF of 36 +/- 13% (mean +/- SD) underwent a sleep study. When an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) > 10/h occurred, SBD was diagnosed. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: In patients with SBDs, ventricular arrhythmias (couplets, triplets, short runs) were recorded simultaneously by Holter ECG and differentiated in episodes with and without disordered breathing. An apnea-associated arrhythmia index (AI) was defined as the number of ventricular arrhythmias occurring simultaneous to disordered breathing. Accordingly, a nonapnea-associated arrhythmia index (NAI) was calculated as the number of ventricular arrhythmias during normal breathing. SBDs were diagnosed in 14 patients: Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) [n = 8; AHI, 32.1 +/- 25.0/h], and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) [n = 6; AHI, 34.1 +/- 14.6/h]. Four patients in the OSA group and four patients in the CSR group had ventricular arrhythmias during sleep, revealed by Holter ECG. In these eight patients, the AI was significantly higher than the NAI (20.9 +/- 18.8/h vs 4.9 +/- 3.3/h, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These data show that ventricular arrhythmias occurred significantly more often in association with disordered breathing in patients at high risk for arrhythmias and reduced LVEF.     

Effect of sleep position on sleep apnea and parafunctional activity

Parafunctional activity (toothgrinding, toothclenching and bruxism) is a common problem which may lead to masticatory muscle and temporomandibular joint pain, and may result from sleep arousal or disturbances. Sleep apnea is another common sleep disorder which results in disrupted sleep architecture and frequent arousals. Because sleep apnea leads to sleep arousals, and because sleep arousals are thought to result in increased parafunctional activity, we undertook the present study to determine the relationship between sleep apnea and parafunctional activity. We were also interested in assessing the effects of sleep posture on sleep disordered breathing and parafunctional activity. We prospectively studied 24 patients who were referred to the clinical sleep apnea laboratory for study. They underwent standard nocturnal polysomnographic examination; in addition, masticatory activity was measured with a masseter electromyogram. Patients slept in the supine and lateral decubitus positions. Nocturnal clenching was slightly higher in patients with sleep apnea than those without (12.2 vs 7.6 clenches/hr, p = 0.18), and there was a correlation between the clench index (CI) and apnea plus hypopnea index (A + HI) by linear regression (r = 0.49, p less than 0.05). There were significant falls in both the A + HI (64.4 +/- 28.8 vs 36.5 +/- 36.7, p = 0.02) and CI (12.5 +/- 12.1 vs 7.0 +/- 8.6, p = 0.04) in the lateral decubitus vs supine sleeping positions. We conclude that there is an association between obstructive sleep apnea and parafunctional activity, that sleep position affects the incidence of both sleep disordered breathing and parafunctional activity, and that analysis of apneas and hypopneas in both supine and lateral decubitus sleeping positions may be helpful.     

老年与非老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气合征象患者心律失常的比较

目的探讨老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者夜间心律失常的特点及其与非老年人的差别。方法经多导睡眠图(PSG)确诊的老年OSAHS患者38例,同时作Holter检查,44例非老年患者作为对照组。结果老年与非老年OSAHS患者夜间心律失常发生率分别为63.2%和27.3%,老年组心律失常发生率明显高于非老年组(P<0.01)。夜间心律失常表现为多种形式,同一患者也可同时发生多种心律失常,窦缓在老年组中较常见;心律失常发生率与暂停-低通气指数(AHI)以及缺氧时间成正相关;同等严重程度比较,老年组心律失常的发生率亦明显高于非老年组。结论老年OSAHS患者夜间可发生多种形式的心律失常,并与AHI和缺氧时间密切相关;OSAHS对老年人心血管系统的影响较非老年人更严重。     

中老年人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征白天嗜睡的临床分析

目的　通过对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征 (OSAHS)患者白天嗜睡的测评 ,探讨白天嗜睡在不同年龄、病情之间的发生率。　方法　采用Epworth嗜睡量表 ,对经过多导睡眠监测(PSG)诊断为OSAHS的患者进行测评。　结果　OSAHS患者白天嗜睡的发生率为 5 4 3% ,且不同年龄组 (老年组和非老年组 )、不同病情组 (按睡眠呼吸紊乱指数 ,即AHI大小划分 )的发生率差异无显著性 ,嗜睡程度以非老年组高于老年组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,重度组高于轻、中度组 (P <0 0 5 )。　结论　中老年OSAHS患者白天嗜睡的发生率 5 4 3% ,老年患者的发生率与非老年患者没有差别。