6种有效成分和2种禁用成分含量测定方法的建立

目的 建立测定蚊香、电热蚊香液和电热蚊香片中6种有效成分(四氟醚菊酯、四氟苯菊酯、四氟甲醚菊酯、富右旋反式烯丙菊酯、炔丙菊酯和氯氟醚菊酯)和2种禁用成分(仲丁威和八氯二丙醚)含量的研究。方法 采用气质内标法。结果 该方法测定6种有效成分和2种禁用成分的回收率为74.5%～94.3%。精密度试验显示浓度测定的标准偏差为1.72%～4.55%和峰面积测定的标准偏差为0.97%～2.44%。结论 该方法分离度好、精密度高、灵敏度高、专属性强且操作简单快速。     

两种电热蚊香片对淡色库蚊的灭效观察

为提高电热片蚊香的药效、降低成本,笔者根据卫生杀虫剂复配原理对可用于电热蚊香片的拟除虫菊酯药物进行了复配,通过对20种配方进行了筛选,其中重点测定了2种复配电热蚊香片对致乏库蚊的灭效观察,现将结果报告如下。1材料与方法1.1药物92%Es—生物炔丙菊酯、92%富右旋反式烯丙     

水溶媒剂型在蚊香系列的应用研究

目的用水作为滴加、释放媒介,制作盘式蚊香、电热片蚊香和电热液体蚊香。方法通过溶解-乳化-包裹等加工工艺,研制水溶媒母液,对盘式蚊香、电热片蚊香进行药剂滴加,以及用于电热液体蚊香,并根据国标方法对药效、毒性、稳定性进行了实验研究。结果研制的15%氯氟醚菊酯、15%四氟甲醚菊酯母液,将母液用水稀释,用于制作氯氟醚菊酯、四氟甲醚菊酯盘式蚊香、电热蚊香片和电热液体蚊香;经检测,0.35%水剂盘式蚊香KT50为4.93和4.52 min,电热片蚊香通电8 h后的KT50为2.90和4.53 min,电热液体蚊香通电360 h后的KT50为3.43和3.53 min,模拟现场1 h击倒率除氯氟醚水剂外均达到90%以上,急性毒性试验显示均为低毒级。结论以水代替油作为溶媒,大大减少了煤油的用量,降低了CO2的排放,可以此降低企业成本,实现低能耗、低污染、低排放。     

不同结构的烯丙菊酯蚊香灭蚊效果的比较研究

目的测试以富右旋反式烯丙菊酯和烯丙菊酯为有效成分不同品种盘香对淡色库蚊的防治效果。方法室内试验和模拟现场试验。结果测试的23个品种的蚊香对淡色库蚊的模拟现场杀灭效果全部达到国标A级,室内试验有17个达到A级,其中有6个烯丙菊酯蚊香达到B级。富右旋反式烯丙菊酯蚊香的效果优于烯丙菊酯蚊香。结论两个系列的蚊香都能够有效地杀灭蚊虫。     

可调节蒸发量的电热液体蚊香

1前言 电热液体蚊香在蚊香系列产品中是优秀的品种之一.但由于药剂中各组分的沸点、蒸汽压不同,高沸点,低蒸汽压的组分在芯棒的加热端"积累,造成芯棒堵塞,随着使用时间的延续,药剂蒸发量逐步下降,驱杀蚊虫效果也随之下降(表1).     

一种电热蚊香片林地防蚊效果观察

目的观察455 mg/片右旋烯丙菊酯电热蚊香片林地防蚊效果。方法在公园的树林中选择4块试验场地,其中3块为试验区,1块为对照区。试验人员8名,分为4组,每个试验区和对照区分别2名。观察4组志愿者在电热蚊香片使用前后不同时间蚊虫的叮咬情况,计算平均保护率。结果该产品用于林地防治蚊虫,1～4 h的平均保护率分别为91.67%、98.11%、90.91%、95.96%。结论电热蚊香片在林地具有很好的防蚊效果。     

电热蚊香片中有效成分含量及允许波动范围测定的不确定度评定

目的对电热蚊香片中有效成分含量及允许波动范围的测定结果进行不确定度评定。方法参考JJF 1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》对电热蚊香片中Es-生物烯丙菊酯的检测结果进行不确定度分析。结果样品电热蚊香片中Es-生物烯丙菊酯的含量为19.1~19.8 mg/片时,测量结果扩展不确定度：U=0.4 mg/片,包含因子k=2。结论电热蚊香片中有效成分含量及允许波动范围的测定分析过程的每一步都存在着误差,而且各种误差随着过程的进行而积累着,构成了影响整个测量的总不确定性。     

溶剂组成对电热蚊香液挥发特性影响的初步研究

目的揭示电热蚊香液散发过程的机制，解释电热蚊香液的实际挥发特征。方法分析电热蚊香液使用时的传质过程，建立数学模型，并通过实验进行证明。结果建立了可以解释电热蚊香液实际挥发特征的数学模型，揭示了溶剂组成对蚊香液各组分散发速率的影响程度。结论药液通过芯棒散发这一结构，决定了蚊香液中的各个组分能够按配方比例均衡地挥发，溶剂的纯度对蚊香液的挥发特性无显著影响，采用高纯度的十四碳正构烷烃作为溶剂没有必要性。     

益多克与陶土吸液芯棒的研究

1　引　言电热液体蚊香是作为改良电热固体蚊香而被开发出来的一种新型蚊香。它的科技含量虽不高 ,但却是一个整体工程。一套好的液体蚊香 ,必须达到加热器、药液和吸液芯棒之间的最佳匹配。加热器不仅要求其发热元件有较稳定的发热温度 ,还要求其结构有良好的空气对流。然而 ,后者往往被忽视 ,结果因差的通风加上过低的发热温度造成药液挥发变差 ,或因差的通风加上过高的发热温度造成芯棒的头部因烤干同样造成药液挥发变差 ,以上都导致药效变差 ,或说驱蚊效果变差。所以 ,对液体蚊香的加热器必须同时重视发热温度和通风状况。2　 6%益多克…     

关于电热片蚊香应用技术的研究

室内使用盘式蚊香防治蚊虫已经有很久的历史了 ,但近年来全国城乡居民已经开始普及使用电热片蚊香 ,又称之为第二代蚊香。它的技术难点主要是电热片蚊香滴加液的配制 ,因为它使用很少的溶剂 ,却同时要控制挥发速率的稳定性和较低的残留量及控制恰当的褪色能力。所以长期以来电热片蚊香滴加液都以进口产品占据垄断地位 ,国内有一些厂家曾经尝试却大多没有研制成功 ,主要原因是质量上一直无法与进口产品抗衡。随着用户对电热片蚊香的熟悉 ,越来越多的用户对电热片蚊香提出了更高的要求 ,如提高药效 ,延长使用时间 ,颜色指示剂的退色时间与药液…     

双极电切系统在Ⅱ型子宫粘膜下肌瘤切除术中的应用

目的：探讨双极电切系统在Ⅱ型子宫粘膜下肌瘤宫腔镜肌瘤电切术（TCRM）中的疗效、安全性及相关问题。方法：回顾总结嘉兴市妇幼保健院2006年1月-2008年6月间Ⅱ型子宫粘膜下肌瘤患者41例,在B型超声引导（或腹腔镜监护）下用双极电切镜行TCRM手术,观察手术时间、术中出血量、手术并发症、术后病率、术后住院时间,术后随访6～12月。结果：37例B超引导下完成手术,4例腹腔镜监护下完成手术,均一次性手术切除肌瘤,成功率100％。手术时间35～75min,平均49．3士9．5min;术中出血量10～30ml,平均19．0±7．5ml;术后住院时间2～6d,平均3．6±0．7d;术后病率9．7％（4／41）;发生子宫穿孔1例。未发生邻近脏器的损伤及其它并发症;术后复查。36例月经过多患者中31例月经量正常,4例月经量少于正常月经量1／3,1例月经量少于正常月经量1／2。结论：双极电切系统在Ⅱ型子宫粘膜下肌瘤TCRM术中具有操作方便、治疗彻底、创伤小、并发症少的优点,比单极电切镜更具优越性。     

Mosquito burden and impact on the poor: measures and costs for personal protection in some communities in Thailand

To gauge the extent of mosquito problems and their impact on local people in Thailand, a simple questionnaire was designed consisting of 6 questions with multiple choices to be answered in 4 different communities in Thailand in 1998 and 1999. Mosquito biting activity was noted often by respondents. They reported that mosquitoes bit both night and day, and that the insects were abundant both in the dry and the rainy seasons. In all 4 communities, a large proportion of the residents used bed nets, mosquito coils, and aerosol sprays for personal protection; vaporizing mats and repellents were used sparingly. The cost of such measures amounted to dollars 4 to dollars 25 per year per household. For most of the residents, this represented a substantial proportion of their income, and was proportionally greater than the average cost of organized mosquito control in developed countries. This suggests that instituting organized local vector control programs would be cheaper and more effective than the individual use of personal protectants that do not reduce mosquito numbers. An assessment of the available products stocked in neighborhood stores and supermarkets for personal protection was made. A variety of insecticidal aerosols, mosquito coils, liquid sprays, vaporizing mats, and vaporizing liquids was stocked. This ample supply of household insecticides lends support to the preferred methods of protection reported by the respondents. The active ingredients in most of the formulations were synthetic pyrethroids, although a few contained dichlorvos, propoxur, and a few other compounds. Mosquito coils, the most preferred products used by the poor, were evaluated for efficacy, and were found to provide a reduction of 72-96% in landing-biting rates in controlled experiments.     

Comparison of two methods for destruction of biological material for determination of selenium.

The purpose of the study was to compare two methods for destruction of biological material for selenium (Se) analysis: wet digestion by conductive heating in programmed digestion block and digestion in microwave oven. In both methods samples were prepared in a closed system using nitric acid. Selenium was analysed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The results have shown that both methods are convenient for complete mineralisation and are accurate in determining selenium in a variety of foodstuffs. Microwave digestion, however, has the advantage of speed and simplicity over the conventional heating procedure.     

连续性肾脏替代治疗高精度加热装置的设计与应用

目的:设计一种新型双面导热板和"S"型加热袋构成的间接式液体恒温加热装置,解决透析设备中透析液的恒温处理技术问题。方法:分析国外品牌加热装置的工作原理及应用中的弊端和隐患,采用正温度系数(PTC)加热膜、双面导热板和液袋的"S"型流道,利用热能传导原理实现加热;采用红外温度传感器实现高精度非接触式检测管路内液体温度的方法,设计出红外测温传感器结构、测量电路以及加热控制电路等。结果:提高热传递效率并减小系统热惯性,加热过程和恒温过程稳定时间短,加热装置出口温度的恒温误差可稳定在±0.5℃以内。结论:临床应用表明,本加热装置具有精度高、安全可靠的明显优势,对改善患者精神状态,消除多种并发症,提高血液净化治疗效果具有重大作用。     

Determination of total and hexavalent chromium in bile after intravenous administration of potassium dichromate in rats

Total and hexavalent chromium were measured in bile samples obtained from cannulated bile ducts of male rats iv administered with potassium dichromate at various doses corresponding to 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg of chromium. The evaluation of the hexavalent form was performed by separation with a liquid anion exchanger and electrothermal atomization-atomic absorption spectrophotometric determination. Within 2 hr 1.35-2.23% of the chromium injected was recovered in bile as total chromium, the hexavalent form accounting for less than 1% of the total chromium collected, which seems almost entirely excreted as trivalent chromium. Since Cr(VI) administered iv was quickly reduced to Cr(III) in blood, the possibility exists for chromium in trivalent form to penetrate into the liver cells and to be excreted in the bile, possibly by binding to a carrier such as the low-molecular-weight substance described by Yamamoto et al. (A. Yamamoto, O. Wada, and T. Ono, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 59, 515, 1981).     

D-aspartate and D-glutamate in microwaved versus conventionally heated milk.

It has been reported that microwave heating of infant formulae can isomerize and racemize amino acids in the milk proteins, causing toxicity or affecting the nutritional value of the milk formulae. Therefore, we investigated whether microwave heating vs conventional heating would produce any D- enantiomers of aspartic acid (Asp) and glutamic acid (Glu) in milk.

Whole and skim milk samples were heated for 10 minutes in either a microwave oven at medium power or on a hot water bath at 80 degrees C. D-Asp and D-Glu were determined by high performance liquid chromatography.

Unheated (control) samples were found to contain 0.40-0.45% D-Asp and D-Glu, inherent from the original pasteurizing process. Both conventional heating and microwave heating induce < 0.25% more racemization when compared to the control samples.

Within experimental error, there is no significant difference in the levels of these D-amino acids between the conventionally heated and microwave heated milks, thus having no significant effect on the nutritional value of the milk proteins.     

双层壳聚糖／羟基磷灰石复合支架的制备及性能研究

目的：探索制备一种壳聚糖（CS）／羟基磷灰石（HA）双层复合支架的方法，对支架的理化性质进行检测。方法：在3％（m/V）壳聚糖溶液中加入一定量的聚乙二醇，离心去除气泡。将HA支架放入模具中．取配好的壳聚糖溶液，倒入模具中，放入冰箱冷冻，在冷冻抽干机中冻干，制成HA／壳聚糖（CS）支架。采用外观、红外光谱、电镜、乙醇替代、生物力学测定等方法检测支架的材料、内部结构（孔径、孔相通性）、孔隙率、力学性能，考察将其作为骨软骨组织工程支架材料应用的可行性。结果：双层复合支架外观上模拟骨软骨组织学结构．材料为壳聚糖、羟基磷灰石，平均孔径分别为CS层300μm，HA层350μm，孔相通性好，CS孔隙率为（76．00±5．01）％，HA孔隙率为（72．00±4．23）％。CS支架弹性模量为（2．8±0．5）MPa，HA支架的弹性模量为（150±11）MPa。结论：壳聚糖（CS）／羟基磷灰石（HA）双层复合支架符合骨软骨组织工程支架要求．具有较好的应用前景。     

Batching of low-concentration anesthetics with evaporators used in apparatuses for inhalation anesthesia

The accuracy of the anesthetic vaporizers with modern vaporizing devices is complicated by necessity of providing small anesthetic vapor concentration for a wide range of gas flows, especially at small flows, and at use of a combination of inhalation anesthesia with intravenous one. Compliance with the requirements of the international standards concerning the accuracy of low-concentration anesthetic vapor batching also does not provide management of anesthesia depth at various stages of surgical operations. The problem is solved well by replacement traditional vaporizers with so-called barbotage ones equipped by adjustment of vapor concentration by modem electronic methods. It is even more promising to use direct injection of the liquid anesthetics into the respiratory contour of infusion pump. However, because individual sensitivity of patients to anesthetics is rather variable, these devices do not provide regulation of the depth of anesthesia. Therefore, stability rather than accuracy of batching of low-concentration anesthetics with evaporators used in apparatuses for inhalation anesthesia is of cardinal importance, Methods of objective instrumental evaluation of the depth of anesthesia require further research and implementation.     

甲型H1N1流感患者临床特征及疗效分析

目的 总结甲型H1N1流感患者的临床特征,分析奥司他韦疗效.方法 回顾性收集了我院560例轻症甲型H1N1流感住院患者的临床资料,包括年龄、主要症状、实验室检查、发热至口服奥司他韦的时间、发热持续时间、病毒转阴时间;分析发热至口服奥司他韦的时间与发热持续时间及病毒转阴时间的相关性.患者按发热至口服奥司他韦的时间不同分三组,比较不同组间发热持续时间及病毒转阴时间是否有差异.结果 大部分患者症状为发热(97.0%)及咳嗽(90.0%);少数伴有胃肠道(1.8%)或神经系统症状(0.9%);部分患者血常规及生化异常;16.6%的患者心电图呈非特异性改变.患者从发热到起始服奥司他韦时间与发热持续时间及病毒转阴时间均呈正相关(r=0.83,P＜0.01;r=0.60,P＜0.01).各组之间比较其发热持续时间及病毒转阴时间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 轻症甲型H1N1流感临床特征与季节性流感类似,发热患者早期口服奥司他韦治疗可能会缩短发热持续时间及病毒转阴时间.