Risk factors for mortality in patients with upper extremity and internal jugular deep venous thrombosis

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the natural history of upper extremity deep venous thrombosis (UEDVT), we examined factors that may contribute to the high mortality associated with UEDVT. METHODS: Five hundred forty-six patients were diagnosed with acute internal jugular/subclavian/axillary deep venous thrombosis from January 1992 to June 2003 by duplex scanning at our institution. There were 329 women (60%). The mean age +/- SD was 68 +/- 17 years (range, 1-101 years). Risk factors for UEDVT were the presence of a central venous catheter or pacemaker in 327 patients (60%) and a history of malignancy in 119 patients (22%). Risk factors for mortality within 2 months of the diagnosis of UEDVT that were analyzed included age, sex, presence of a central venous catheter or pacemaker, history of malignancy, location of UEDVT, concomitant lower extremity deep venous thrombosis, systemic anticoagulation, placement of a superior vena caval filter, and pulmonary embolism. RESULTS: The overall mortality rate at 2 months was 29.6%. The number of patients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism by positive ventilation/perfusion scan or computed tomographic scan was 26 (5%). The presence of a central venous catheter or pacemaker ( P < .001), concomitant lower extremity deep venous thrombosis ( P = .04), not undergoing systemic anticoagulation ( P = .002), and the placement of a superior vena caval filter ( P = .02) were associated with mortality within 2 months of the diagnosis of UEDVT by univariate analysis. Pulmonary embolism ( P = .42), sex ( P = .65), and a history of malignancy ( P = .96) were not. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the high associated mortality of UEDVT may be due to the underlying characteristics of the patients' disease process and may not be a direct consequence of the UEDVT itself.     

Risk for deep venous thrombosis in pediatric cancer patients undergoing surgery

PurposeCancer is a well-established risk factor for deep venous thrombosis (DVT). We sought to assess the incidence of DVT in pediatric cancer patients undergoing select surgical procedures at our institution and to identify additional factors associated with DVT development.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of cancer patients who underwent select surgical procedures and developed a DVT within 30 days of their operation from 2000 to 2018 at our institution. Catheter-associated DVTs were excluded from this analysis. Major oncologic operations were selected.ResultsFrom 2000 to 2018, 3031 major oncologic operations were performed following which 14 symptomatic DVTs occurred, for an overall incidence of 0.46%. Procedures associated with post-operative DVT included: mass biopsy (7), pulmonary wedge resection (2), inguinal lymph node excision (1), colectomy (1), nephrectomy (1), lower extremity limb-sparing revision (1), and femur resection (1).ConclusionsOur data suggest that surgery does not put children with cancer at significant risk for DVT. Given the low incidence of perioperative DVT, routine pharmacologic prophylaxis for children with cancer undergoing surgery does not seem warranted.Level of Evidence: II     

髋关节置换术后下肢静脉血栓形成的危险因素分析

目的分析老年股骨颈骨折患者行髋关节置换术(THA)后发生下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的危险因素。 方法分析2017年7月至2019年5月在海南省文昌市人民医院行THA的病例资料。纳入标准：年龄≥ 60岁;脆性骨折;单侧股骨颈骨折;配合功能锻炼,且随访不少于6个月。排除标准：术前1周使用抗凝药物;既往术后感染;合并严重心、肝、肾功能障碍,恶性肿瘤者;患有凝血功能障碍、类风湿、心肌梗死等疾病;既往患有弥散性血管内凝血、血栓疾病史;精神障碍等。根据THA术后30 d内是否并发DVT,将患者分为血栓组和非血栓组。分析2组患者年龄、性别、手术与受伤间隔时间、身体质量指数(BMI)、麻醉方式、术中出血量、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)变化、血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)变化、血浆纤维蛋白原(FG)变化、血浆D-二聚体(DD)变化情况水平,采用多因素logistic回归分析下肢静脉血栓发生的相关因素影响因素。 结果根据纳入、排除标准,共69例患者被纳入本研究,血栓组14例、非血栓组55例。2组患者的年龄(t＝-1.439)、性别构成(P＝0.496)、手术与受伤间隔时间(P＝0.698)、BMI(Z＝-1.806)、术前的凝血指标(APTT：Z＝-1.728,PT：t＝-1.594,FG：Z＝-1.081),DD：Z＝-1.806)相比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组患者的麻醉方法(P＝0.278)、术中出血量(Z＝-0.481)、术后2 d APTT变化水平(Z＝-1.179)、术后2 d PT变化水平(Z＝-1.129)等指标的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),血栓组的术后2 d FG变化(Z＝-5.663)、DD变化(Z＝-5.745)明显高于非血栓组,且手术耗时(Z＝-4.377)比非血栓组更久(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示：手术耗时延长、术后2 d FG升高、术后2 d DD升高均为股骨颈骨折THA术后DVT发生的独立危险因素(OR＝4.137、10.105、16.794,均为P<0.05)。 结论THA手术耗时长、术后2 d的FG变化水平、DD变化水平高,发生DVT的可能性高,需引起警惕。据此可对患者采取针对性治疗方法,减少DVT的发生,改善患者预后。     

乳腺癌化疗患者PICC相关性静脉血栓危险因素分析

目的分析乳腺癌化疗患者PICC相关性静脉血栓的危险因素和预防对策。方法回顾性分析福建医科大学附属协和医院2014-01—2015-06间携带PICC化疗的780例乳腺癌患者临床资料,观察导管相关性血栓发生率,并分析发生静脉血栓的相关因素。结果 780例乳腺癌患者发生PICC相关静脉血栓36例(4.62%)。PICC留置时间60~136 d,中位时间92 d。发现血栓时间在置管后7 d内3例(8.33%),7~30 d 18例(50%),30~92 d 12例(33.3%),≥92 d 3例(8.33%)。贵要静脉穿刺发生静脉血栓25例(3.68%),肘正中静脉和头静脉穿刺发生血栓11例(10.78%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。血栓与患者年龄、穿刺肢体、血小板总数、化疗药物无关(P0.05)。结论穿刺血管是乳腺癌化疗PICC相关血栓的主要影响因子,穿刺血管首选贵要静脉。导管留置时间延长,并不增加血栓形成的风险。     

Predictable factors of deep venous thrombosis in patients undergoing spine surgery

Background

DVT is one of the major postoperative complications of joint replacement surgery of the lower extremity which can cause catastrophic complications such as pulmonary embolism. However, little is known about the incidence of DVT after spine surgery. The purpose of this study was to examine predictable factors of DVT after spine surgery.

腰椎融合术后早期下肢深静脉血栓形成的相关危险因素分析

目的 :探讨腰椎融合术后早期下肢深静脉血栓(deep venous thrombosis,DVT)形成的危险因素。方法:选取于2015年7月~2017年5月在广西壮族自治区人民医院骨科接受腰椎后路椎间融合术治疗的患者共165例,依据术后早期超声检查结果双下肢有无血栓形成,分为DVT组和非DVT组。对比两组患者的性别、年龄、体重指数、糖尿病、高血压病、术前凝血四项、D-二聚体、融合节段数、手术时间、术中输血、术后使用抗凝药、术后卧床时间等指标,再采用Logistic多因素回归分析进行统计学分析。结果:共纳入165例患者,术后并发下肢DVT者24例,发生率为14.5%。与非DVT组相比较,单因素χ~2检验显示两组在年龄、体重指数、手术时间、术中输血、术后卧床时间等指标差异具有统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥60岁(OR=6.444,95%CI=2.116~19.628)、体重指数≥24kg/m~2(OR=4.463,95%CI=1.603~12.426)、术中输血(OR=3.484,95%CI=1.110~10.932)、术后卧床天数≥5d(OR=3.155,95%CI=1.027~9.695)是腰椎融合术后早期并发下肢DVT的独立危险因素。结论:年龄≥60岁、体重指数≥24kg/m2、术中输血、术后卧床天数≥5d的患者腰椎融合术后早期易出现下肢DVT形成。     

Surveillance venous scans for deep venous thrombosis in multiple trauma patients

The high reported incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in trauma patients has prompted surveillance venous duplex scanning of the lower extremities. We report our retrospective experience with 183 multiple trauma patients who were admitted to the surgical intensive care unit and underwent 261 surveillance venous scans. There were 122 men and 61 women whose average age was 38 years. All patients were treated prophylactically with either extremity pneumatic compression or subcutaneous heparin to prevent DVT. Most (87%) patients suffered blunt trauma and had either head (3%), spinal (3%), intra-abdominal (9%), or lower extremity (17%) injuries or a combination of injuries (68%). Almost two thirds of the patients had no symptoms suggestive of possible DVT. Of the 261 venous scans performed, 239 (92%) were normal, 16 (6%) were positive for proximal lower extremity DVT, and six (2%) showed thrombus limited to the calf veins. Patients with symptoms of lower extremity DVT were significantly more likely to have proximal DVT compared to those without symptoms (15% vs. 5%,p <0.05).Patients with spinal injuries also had a higher incidence of proximal DVT (18% vs. 6%,p <0.05).At current hospital charges, the cost to identify each proximal DVT was $6688. If surveillance duplex scans were performed on all trauma patients in the surgical intensive care unit, the national annual expense would be $300,000,000. Routine DVT surveillance is expensive and should be reserved for symptomatic patients or those with spinal injuries.Presented at the Nineteenth Annual Meeting of the Peripheral Vascular Surgery Society, Seattle, Wash., June 5, 1994.     

Risk factors for clinically relevant pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis in patients undergoing primary hip or knee arthroplasty

BACKGROUND: Prevention of thromboembolic complications after elective lower extremity arthroplasty has increasingly relied on routine thromboprophylaxis in all patients. Not all patients are at equal risk, however, and prophylaxis is not devoid of complications. The aim of this study was to examine the risk factors for clinically relevant pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis after elective primary hip or knee arthroplasty in a large patient population. METHODS: During the 10-yr study period, 116 of 9,791 patients undergoing primary hip or knee arthroplasty at the authors' institution who experienced pulmonary embolism or deep venous thrombosis within 30 days of surgery were matched at a 1:1 ratio with patients undergoing the same surgery with the same surgeon who did not experience an adverse event. Medical records were reviewed, with data abstracted using a standardized data collection form. RESULTS: Increased body mass index (P = 0.031; odds ratio = 1.5 for each 5-kg/m2 increase) and American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification of 3 or greater (P = 0.005; odds ratio = 2.6) were found to independently increase the likelihood of pulmonary embolism or deep venous thrombosis. In addition, use of antithrombotic prophylaxis was found to decrease the likelihood of these thromboembolic events (P = 0.050; odds ratio = 0.2 for aspirin or subcutaneous heparin, and odds ratio = 0.4 for warfarin or low-molecular-weight heparin). CONCLUSIONS: In patients undergoing primary elective lower extremity arthroplasty, obesity, poor American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, and lack of thromboprophylaxis are independent risk factors for clinically relevant thromboembolic events.     

脊椎融合术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的危险因素分析

[目的]探讨脊椎融合术后早期下肢深静脉血栓形成的危险因素。[方法]选取于2015年7月~2017年1月在广西壮族自治区人民医院骨科接受脊椎融合术治疗的患者共216例,依据术后超声检查结果双下肢有无血栓形成,分为DVT组和非DVT组。对比两组患者的年龄、性别、体重指数、糖尿病、高血压病、术前凝血四项、D-二聚体、融合节段数、手术时间、术中输血、术后使用抗凝药、术后卧床时间等指标,再采用Logistic多因素回归分析,探讨脊椎融合术后早期并发下肢DVT的危险因素。[结果]共纳入216例患者,其中男性87例,女性129例,术后并发下肢DVT 33例,占15.3%,其中有症状者3例,均为腰椎退变性疾病患者,占全部患者数的1.4%,非DVT组183例。单因素x~2检验显示两组在年龄、体重指数、手术时间、术中输血、术后卧床时间等指标差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);上述因素经Logistic多因素回归分析显示:年龄≥60岁、体重指数≥24 kg/m~2、术中输血、术后卧床天数≥5 d是脊椎融合术后早期并发DVT的独立危险因素。[结论]年龄≥60岁、体重指数≥24 kg/m~2、术中输血、术后卧床天数≥5 d的患者脊椎融合术后早期更容易出现下肢DVT形成。     

类风湿关节炎患者术后深静脉血栓形成危险因素分析

目的 分析类风湿关节炎患者行全膝关节置换术后深静脉血栓发生情况及分析危险因素.方法 回顾性分析2010年3月至2018年12月南京鼓楼医院运动医学与成人重建外科116例接受全膝关节置换术的类风湿关节炎患者血栓发生情况,其中男性12例,女性104例,纳入标准为诊断明确,行标准全膝关节置换术,有完整术前术后血栓筛查,排除诊...     

Risk factors and presentation of deep venous thrombosis among Asian patients: a hospital-based case-control study in Singapore

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is perceived to occur less frequently among Asians than Caucasians, although the reason for this has not been fully understood. Hence, there may be differences in risk factors and presentations among Asian patients compared to their Caucasian counterparts. This study examined the association of classical risk factors and presentations among Asian patients with DVT. We retrospectively reviewed 862 symptomatic patients referred to the vascular diagnostic laboratory in a hospital for suspected DVT over a 30-month period. Two hundred and seventy-seven patients (32.1%) tested positive for DVT on duplex ultrasound. After adjusting for age and gender, ethnicity was not a statistically significant demographic factor associated with DVT. Two hundred and seventy-one patients diagnosed as having DVT on ultrasound were matched for age, gender, and ethnicity to negative controls to study the significance of risk factors and presenting symptoms or signs. In multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for DVT included immobility (odds ratio [OR] = 2.61, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.63-4.15], malignancy (OR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.01-3.10), and a history of thrombophilia (OR = 9.95, 95% CI 1.26-78.87). The significant forms of DVT presentation were limb swelling (OR = 2.53, 95% CI 1.41-4.54) and pulmonary embolism (OR = 11.45, 95% CI 3.23-40.59). Fever of more than 37.5 degrees C was a negative predictive factor (OR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.23-0.76). This study shows that the common risk factors of DVT such as surgery and fractures do not affect Asians as much as Caucasians. Instead, thrombophilia and underlying malignancy are prominent risk factors among Asians. Diagnosis of DVT in Asians based on clinical grounds can also be problematic as few presentations are specific.     

Determination of risk factors for deep venous thrombosis in hospitalized children

Purpose

Our objective was to determine the time trend and risk factors for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities among pediatric inpatients.

Methods

This cross-sectional study used the data from the Health Care Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database for the years of 1997, 2000, and 2003 to estimate the DVT prevalence and crude and adjusted prevalence ratios. Patients between the ages of 1 and 17 years and who were hospitalized for at least 4 days were included.

Results

The weighted prevalence of DVT was 4.2 per 1000 hospital discharges (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4-3.7). Independent of age, the prevalence of DVT was significantly greater in 2000 and 2003 compared to 1997, prevalence ratio (PR) of 1.2 and 1.4 (95% CI, 1.1-1.3 and 1.2-1.4). Using only the 2003 database, adjusted analysis revealed that patients at highest risk were those in the age range of 15 to 17 years (PR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.6-2.4) and with the following comorbid conditions: obesity (PR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.5-2.8), inflammatory bowel disease (PR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2-2.7), hematologic malignancy (PR, 2.5; 95% CI, 2.0-3.1), and thoracoabdominal (PR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.6-2.2) or orthopedic (PR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.7-2.8) operations. Predictors not associated with DVT included sex and diagnosis of trauma.

Conclusions

The discharge diagnosis of DVT of the lower extremities has significantly increased since 1997. In addition, teenagers with underlying disorders are at highest risk for DVT.     

急性下肢深静脉血栓形成危险因素的评估

目的 观察急性下肢深静脉血栓形成(deep venous thrombosis,DVT)患者凝血功能变化及评估其危险因素.方法 全自动凝血分析仪检测62例急性下肢DVT患者(DVT组)和70例健康对照组血浆APTT、PT、TT、纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,Fbg)及D二聚体(D-dimer)水平;并通过二分类Logistic回归回顾性研究所有患者的临床资料. 结果 (1)DVT组血浆APTT、PT、TT、D二聚体、Fbg水平及D二聚体与Fbg比值(D/F值)都明显高于健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);(2)DVT组和对照组血浆D二聚体与Fbg之间都存在正相关性(r=0.475,P＜0.01;r=0.564,P＜0.01);(3)Logistic回归分析表明:急性下肢DVT的发生与患者存在高血压,血浆Fbg水平的升高有关(OR[比值比]=24.99,P＜0.01;OR=4.346,P＜0.01).结论 高血压和升高的血浆纤维蛋白原是急性下肢DVT的独立危险因素.     

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深静脉血栓形成 (DVT)并非少见 ,文献报告的尸检发现率为 35 %～ 5 2 %[1] ,经静脉造影证实有症状的DVT发病率为 1 6‰[2 ] 。DVT的急性期并发症有肺栓塞及股白肿或股青肿 ,慢性期将遗留血栓形成后综合征。前者 ,是DVT病人的主要死亡原因或导致截肢 ;后者 ,使患肢处于失功状态 ,严重影响病人的工作及生活质量。Virchow提出的DVT三大发病原因 :血流缓慢、血液异常和血管损伤 ,至今仍被沿用 ,但有不少新的认识 ,而且DVT发病相关的高危因素 ,业已受到重视。了解DVT的病因及高危因素 ,对正确认识DVT的发生发展 ,指导合理的预防措施与…     

Thrombolysis for deep venous thrombosis

The key questions addressed in this summary are whether clot removal should be part of the preferred therapy for patients with acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and whether there is evidence that a strategy of thrombus removal offers better outcomes for patients than anticoagulation alone. Evidence is defined as an outward sign or something that furnishes proof. Evidence in medicine is not limited to direct, blinded comparisons of one form of treatment compared with another but rather the body of knowledge that provides insight to clinicians to offer patient care. Evidence-based medicine follows from information available to form the foundation for the use of a treatment for a specific disease. Reports of strategies of thrombus removal for acute DVT, especially in patients with iliofemoral DVT, consistently demonstrate improved outcomes relative to postthrombotic morbidity. This summary reviews the evidence supporting this strategy as the preferred initial management of patients with extensive proximal DVT.     

门静脉高压症门静脉血栓形成的机制研究

目的:探讨肝硬化门静脉高压症病人术后门静脉系统血栓形成的原因。方法:回顾性分析2011年1月至12月间收治资料完整的40例肝硬化门静脉高压症病人术前术后的临床资料,分析术前术后门静脉系统血栓形成与凝血功能及血流动力学状况之间的关系。结果:术前在有无门静脉系统血栓形成的两组间各项凝血功能参数均无统计学差异,唯门静脉血流速度在血栓组较无血栓组显著减慢(P     

急性下肢深静脉血栓形成后肺栓塞严重程度的危险因素分析

目的 探讨急性下肢深静脉血栓形成患者肺栓塞严重程度的危险因素.方法 本研究为前瞻性研究.2010年7月至2012年7月收集首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院血管外科诊断的急性下肢深静脉血栓形成的患者资料,其中符合纳入、排除标准的208例患者纳入本研究.其中男性101例,女性107例,平均年龄(59±16)岁.利用肺动脉CT血管造影、肺动脉磁共振血管造影或肺动脉数字减影血管造影筛查肺栓塞,并评估其肺栓塞程度.采用x2检验和Logistic回归对深静脉血栓形成患者发生肺栓塞程度的危险因素进行单因素和多因素分析.结果 208例下肢深静脉血栓形成患者中70例发生肺栓塞,总体发生率为33.7％.单因素分析结果显示,下肢深静脉血栓范围(x2=17.286,P=0.004)、下肢深静脉血栓部位(x2=15 602,P=0.008)对肺栓塞的严重程度有影响.年龄(x2=7.099,P=0.260)、性别(x2=7.014,P=0.067)、明显血栓危险因素(x2=3.335,P=0.345)对肺栓塞的严重程度无影响.多因素有序Logistic回归分析显示肺栓塞的程度随着下肢深静脉血栓范围的扩大和部位的增加而加重,髂股静脉血栓(OR =6.172,95％ CI:1.590 ～ 23.975,P=0.009)、双下肢深静脉血栓(OR=7.140,95％ CI:2.406 ～ 24.730,P=0.001)是肺栓塞严重程度的独立危险因素.结论 髂股静脉血栓形成、双侧下肢深静脉血栓形成是发生严重肺栓塞的独立危险因素,对这些高危患者应更加注重肺栓塞的防治.     

胸腰段脊柱骨折合并急性创伤性脊髓损伤患者术后深静脉血栓的危险因素分析

【摘要】 目的：探讨胸腰段脊柱骨折合并急性创伤性脊髓损伤患者术后深静脉血栓的危险因素。方法：选取2018年7月~2020年9月于我院进行手术治疗的T11～L2骨折合并急性创伤性脊髓损伤（spinal cord injury,SCI）患者136例。收集患者的统计患者的年龄、性别、体重指数、既往病史等一般资料,检测并收集患者总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、甘油三酯（triacylglycerol,TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白（high density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C）等实验室指标。收集患者术前、术后6个月内的下肢静脉彩超,根据是否出现DVT分为DVT组（n=64）和非DVT组（n=72）。比较两组患者的一般资料,通过单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析确定急性创伤性SCI患者术后发生DVT的独立影响因素。通过Spearman法和Pearson法分析各影响因素间的相关性。根据独立影响因素建立并验证列线图模型。结果：单因素分析结果显示,DVT组和非DVT组的体重指数（27.03±2.12kg/m2和24.03±3.32kg/m2）、吸烟人数占比（39.06%和20.83%）、输血人数占比（45.31%和27.78%）、肿瘤病史人数占比（46.89%和23.61%）、出血量＞600 mL人数占比（42.19%和22.22%）、ASIA分级A级人数占比（45.31%和18.06%）、肢体气压治疗及踝泵练习人数占比（18.75%和52.78%）、ASIA分级D级人数占比（14.06%和33.33%）、CRP（20.36±4.37和11.45±3.76）、FIB（6.49±1.31和4.51±1.26）以及D-二聚体（1.83±0.39和0.45±0.26）之间的差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,输血、ASIA分级A级、FIB>5g/L、D-二聚体>1.6mg/L以及未进行肢体气压治疗及踝泵练习是急性创伤性SCI患者术后DVT的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）,相关性分析显示,输血、ASIA分级A级、FIB、D-二聚体以及未进行肢体气压治疗及踝泵练习均呈明显的正相关关系（P＜0.05）。根据独立影响因素构建列线图预测模型,模型的ROC曲线下面积（area under curve,AUC）为0.837（95%CI：0.791~0.864）,具有较好的区分度,校准曲线评价结果提示模型具有较好的准确性。结论：输血、ASIA分级A级、FIB>5g/L、D-二聚体>1.6mg/L以及未进行肢体气压治疗及踝泵练习是急性创伤性SCI患者术后DVT形成的独立危险因素,各独立危险因素之间均存在密切联系。