鼻外筛窦进路视神经减压术（附3例报告）

报告经鼻外筛窦进路视神经减压术治疗视神经管内损伤３例，因就诊时间较晚，２例无改善，仅１例视力好转。手术体会：①应尽早在伤后１周内进行减压术；②显微镜下手术，保证良好的暴露与减压；③术者应熟悉视神经解剖与定位标志；④视神经骨管内壁减压范围超过管径的１／２，长度约５ｍｍ，可获减压效果，如无明显神经肿胀或淤血，不需切开神经鞘膜。     

眶-筛-蝶联合径路视神经减压术的临床应用

目的 :探讨提高视神经管内段损伤疗效的方法。方法 :采用眶 筛 蝶联合径路对 5 2例视神经管内段损伤进行减压术治疗 ,全程松解视神经。结果 :术后视力得到不同程度恢复者 2 2例 ,视力改善率为 42 .3%。其中继发性视力损伤 2 3例 ,视力提高者占 73.9% ;原发性视力损伤 2 9例 ,视力提高者占 17.2 %。随访 6个月 ,视力恢复至 0 .0 5～ 0 .6。结论 :眶 筛 蝶联合径路视神经减压术进路短 ,视野宽 ,便于操作 ;且解剖标志清楚 ,易定位 ,更安全 ,更适合筛、蝶窦发育不良 ,骨质增生者。     

上颌窦筛窦径路视神经管减压术的临床探讨

目的：抢救视神经因外伤、炎症所致的视力障碍。方法：经上唇龈扩大柯陆氏切口，上颌窦、筛窦径路显微镜下持视神经管减压术１２例。结果：术后视力不同程序恢复５例，７例地效。结论：一旦视神经管骨折，视力呈进行性减退，或失去光感经激素、脱水消炎等治疗无效，应尽快行减压术。     

视神经损伤行筛、蝶窦径路减压术的临床观察

目的探讨提高视神经管内段损伤疗效的方法.方法经筛、蝶窦径路减压术治疗16例视神经损伤,全程松解视神经.结果术后随访患者6个月,9例患者视力有不同程度的改善,7例无效,无并发症发生.结论筛、蝶窦径路视神经减压术视野宽,便于操作且解剖标志清,容易定位,更加安全,尤其适合筛、蝶窦发育不良,骨质增生者.     

鼻外筛—蝶窦进路视神经管减压术的应用解剖研究

本文通过对５０具头颅标本的解剖研究，观察神经管内壁与筛、蝶窦等毗邻关系；测量了Ｄａｃｒｙｏｎ点－筛前孔中点－筛后孔中点－视神经孔的距离。讨论了视神经管内壁毗邻关系对视神经管减压术的影响，以及了解进路中的有关数据对减压术的临床指导意义。     

15例视神经管减压术临床总结

报告采用鼻外经筛蝶窦进路的视神经管减压术治疗外伤性视神经管骨折导致失明的病人15例。其中8例获得程度不同的视力恢复(53％),2例眶上裂综合征完全消失。并分析了本手术成败的原因,介绍同时处理蝶鞍和眶尖区其它损伤的方法。认为,本手术具有重要的临床实用价值,值得推广。     

鼻外筛－蝶窦进路视神经管减压术的应用解剖研究

本文通过时５０具头颅标本的解剖研究，观察视神经管内壁与筛、蝶窦等毗邻关系；测量了Ｄａｃｒｙｏｎ点－筛前孔中点－筛后孔中点－视神经孔间的距离。讨论了视神经管内壁毗邻关系对视神经管减压术的影响，以及了解进路中的有关数据对减压术的临床指导意义。     

视神经减压术的临床讨论

1　何谓视神经减压术 ,有何临床意义 ?答 :视神经分三段 ,即眶内段、视神经管段及视交叉颅内段。颅面闭合性外伤时视神经管段最易遭受损伤。视神经骨管内骨膜与神经鞘膜紧密融合一起 ,视神经在骨管内无移动余地 ,软脑膜血管丛是视神经主要供血来源 ,一旦骨管骨折或神经受损 ,便可发生缺血、水肿、压迫坏死的恶性循环 ;如早期将骨管磨开 ,切开鞘膜减压 ,即有可能恢复血运 ,消退水肿 ,保存神经功能。其机制基本同面神经减压术。2　视神经减压术有那些手术途径 ?其优缺点是什么 ?答 :临床上已采用的视神经减压术有以下 4种 :开颅减压术 :患侧额…     

经鼻外筛窦径路行视神经减压术5例

头面部外伤引起的视神经受压挫伤、水肿,造成失明,屡见不鲜。我院自１９９３年以来,开展视神经减压术治疗５例此种患者,疗效满意。报道如下。１　临床资料５例均为男性,年龄３０～５９岁。右眼１例,左眼４例。致伤原因为：车祸头面部受伤３例,骑车摔伤,砖头砸伤头面部各１例。伤后均昏迷,分别为１０～３０ｍｉｎ。醒后伤侧眼睛视物模糊,均先就诊于眼科,给维脑路通、氟米松、肌苷、胞二磷胆碱、维生素Ｂ１和Ｂ１２等治疗,仍视物不清,遂转我科立即行视神经手术减压治疗。检查：４例患眼有光感,１例无光感。１例左眉弓有３ｃｍ深…     

鼻内镜下视神经减压治疗外伤性视神经病

目的 探讨鼻内镜下视神经减压治疗外伤性视神经病的疗效。方法 对外伤性视神经病患者应用大剂量皮质类固醇治疗,无效者15例行鼻内镜下视神经减压术。术前视力无光感者5例,光感者4例,眼前手动者3例,眼前数指者2例,视力0.1者1例。受伤至术前不足7d 4例,超过7d 11例。结果 术后随访3个月至4年, 9例视力有不同程度提高,总有效率为60%,术前无光感眼有效率为20%,有光感以上视力者术后有效率为80%。结论 鼻内镜视神经减压对外伤性视神经管内段神经病疗效确切、较其他径路创伤较小,尽管超过创伤7d,仍然是一种良好方法。     

外伤性视神经损伤经鼻内镜视神经减压手术时期选择及疗效观察

目的 观察鼻内镜下视神经减压术治疗外伤性视神经损伤的疗效和最佳手术时间.方法 对1998年4月至2007年3月90例头部和(或)颌面外伤后发生93眼外伤性视神经损伤的患者进行回顾性分析.所有患者接受鼻内镜视神经减压术前对药物治疗均无反应或效果不佳.受伤至手术时间1～97 d,中位手术时间5.5 d.术前无视力71眼,有视力22眼(1眼光感,5眼眼前手动,13眼眼前指数,1眼视力0.04,2眼视力0.1).随访时间6 d～2年,中位随访时间8 d.结果 视神经减压术后35例(36眼,38.7%)视力有改善,53例(55眼,59.1%)无变化,2例(2眼,2.2%)视力下降.术前有视力的患者中,视力改善者达68.2%(15/22眼),外伤后立即或逐渐失明的患者中视力改善分别只有22.9%(8/35眼,仅2眼视力恢复到大于0.02)和36.1%(13/36眼,5眼视力恢复到大于0.02),术前有视力和无视力两组视力术后恢复差异非常显著(X2=11.864,P<0.01).无视力的患者中,伤后3 d内手术视力改善为41.2%(7/17眼),3 d后手术视力改善下降到25.9%(14/54眼),但两者之间差异无统计学意义(X2=1.46,P>0.05).不同受伤部位比较,视神经管内外侧壁同时骨折手术效果最好(55.6%,10/18眼),其次为内侧壁骨折(45.7%,21/46眼),最差为没有骨折(20%,4/20眼)和单纯外侧壁骨折患者(11.1%,1/9眼).结论 为了挽救患者视力,应尽早行鼻内镜视神经减压手术,即使伤后立即丧失视力也不要放弃手术治疗.但手术后所获得的满意的视力恢复仍然需要进一步研究.     

视神经减压术治疗创伤性视神经病的疗效观察

目的 观察视神经减压术治疗创伤性视神经病的临床疗效.方法 30例创伤性视神经病患者,分别采用鼻外径路或经鼻内镜筛蝶窦径路施行视神经减压术,观察手术治疗的临床效果.结果 总有效率56.67%.术前无光感的16例中,6例术后视力显示一定程度的改善;术前有残余视力的14例中,11例的术后视力均有不同程度的提高.无1例发生严重并发症.结论 视神经减压术对创伤性视神经病导致的视力障碍,无论伤后时间长短和是否具有残余视力,均具有确切疗效.     

经鼻内镜下视神经减压术39例报告

目的：探讨经鼻内镜下视神经减压术治疗管段视神经损伤的可行性,技巧及优点。方法：回顾性分析39例视神经损伤的病例,伤后2-18d行手术治疗,采用鼻内镜下经鼻视神经减压术,经筛窦或蝶窦自然开口进入蝶窦,寻找视神经管及骨折部位,去除骨管周壁的1.3-1.2,切开视神经鞘膜,明胶海绵及凡士林纱条填塞鼻腔,术后给予药物,高压氧治疗。结果：随访至少3个月,39例患者（40眼）中,5例失访,术后视力发送的总效率为52.5%(21-40）。受伤至手术的时间间隔2-7d手术者,术后视力改善的有效率为58.6%(17-29);7-18d手术者,术后视力改善的有效率为36.1%(4-11)。视力恢复期约2个月。结论：经鼻内镜下视神经减压术具有视野清晰,无需开颅,侵袭性小,头面部不遗留瘢痕,并发症少等优点。手术恢复的程度与视神经损伤的程度,手术时间的选择及手术技巧等因素相关。     

创伤性视神经病变的治疗

目的探讨鼻内镜视神经管减压术对创伤性视神经病变的治疗意义、注意事项、手术技巧等.方法采用鼻内镜蝶筛窦进路治疗创伤性视神经病变4例.结果4例患者中1例患者视力有较明显的提高,从术前的无光感到出院时眼前50 cm指数,1例从术前的无光感到术后的有光感,另2例术前无光感的患者术后随访至今未见改善.结论鼻内镜视神经管减压术是一种治疗创伤性视神经病变的微创、有效的手段,手术适应证可以适当扩大.     

Trans-ethmoidal optic nerve decompression

Blunt head injury frequently results in visual impairment, the optimal treatment of which is still debated. Over a 5-year-period (1987–1991) 111 patients with indirect optic nerve injury resulting from closed head trauma have been treated. In each case loss of vision was the only neurological deficit. In group A, 66 patients were initially treated with large doses of prednisolone (80 mg/day) for 3 weeks. Twenty-seven patients improved on steroids alone. In the remaining 39 patients in whom either unsatisfactory or no improvement occurred a transethmoidal optic nerve decompression was performed. Twenty-two patients in the latter group improved, thus yielding an overall improvement rate of 74.2% in group A. Group B (control), in which 45 patients were treated with prednisolone only (80 mg/day for 3 weeks), had an overall improvement rate of 51% (23 patients). The study reveals that while nearly half of such patients can improve on steroids alone, optic nerve decompression significantly improves recovery rates in patients where conservative treatment is unsatisfactory (P < 0.05). Total loss of vision not responding to steroids, absence of waveform on visual evoked response, and presence of an optic canal fracture indicate a poor prognosis.     

鼻内镜下视神经减压术治疗外伤性视神经病72例

目的 探讨视神经减压术治疗外伤性视神经病的疗效。方法 对大剂量糖皮质激素冲击治疗无效的外伤性视神经病患者72例（73眼），采用鼻内镜下视神经减压术治疗。外伤至手术时间1～57d，其中≤3d15例，4—7d37例，8—10d9例，11—15d5例，16～30d5例，〉30d1例。术前视力：光感以上18眼；无光感55眼。结果 术后随访3个月-5年。73眼中46眼视力有不同程度的提高，总有效率63．01％。原无光感的55眼中，31眼视力有提高，有效率56．36％。有光感以上视力的18眼中，15眼视力有提高，有效率83．33％。术后全部患者术腔上皮化，术中无并发症发生。结论 经鼻内镜筛蝶窦入路视神经减压术进路简捷，损伤较小、疗效确切，且不遗留面部瘢痕，容易为患者所接受。对伤后时间较长、大剂量激素治疗无效、视力损伤严重的患者，手术仍有挽救视力的可能。     

Delayed optic nerve decompression for indirect optic nerve injury

OBJECTIVE: To test the efficacy of delayed optic nerve decompression in traumatic optic nerve injury. STUDY DESIGN: Critical analysis of Proforma-based, prospectively accrued data of all cases with injury to surgery interval of greater than 2 weeks. METHODS: Thirty-five cases with a median injury to surgery interval of 56 days (range, 16-374 d). Surgical decompression was undertaken only in cases that continued to have poor vision after treatment with steroids in conventional doses (1 mg/kg prednisolone). Pre- and postoperative visual acuity measurements were converted to the logMAR scale of visual acuity and the percentage of visual improvement was calculated. RESULTS: Surgery was universally unrewarding in all 9 cases with persistent and complete blindness of greater than 2 weeks and no response to steroid therapy. Of the cases with some residual vision, 20 of 26 cases improved (mean percentage improvement, 41.0 +/- 5.7%). Cases were categorized on the basis of the injury to surgery interval into groups of 2 weeks to 2 months, 2 months to 4 months, and greater than 4 months. No significant difference was demonstrated in the probability or quantum of improvement in these groups (P =.97). CONCLUSIONS: Optic nerve decompression remains useful as a salvage procedure for conventional dose steroid failed cases of traumatic optic neuropathy. In cases that are not completely blind, vision can be improved even when surgery is undertaken a few months after the injury.     

Endoscopic optic nerve decompression for traumatic optic neuropathy in children

Objectives

To discuss the necessity of nasal endoscopic surgery for pediatric traumatic optic neuropathy and its therapeutic effect.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 41 children (involving 43 eyes) with traumatic optic neuropathies who were treated in our department by endoscopic optic nerve decompression and postoperative corticosteroid in large doses from Feb. 2000 to Apr. 2010. A 6-month follow-up study was performed for each patient in order to observe the postoperative eyesight recovery and analyze the therapeutic effect.

Results

The eyesight of 11 patients out of 41 patients reached 0.2-0.3 postoperatively, the eyesight of 16 patients recovered from counting fingers to 0.1 after the surgery, the eyesight of 6 patients ranged from light sensation to seeing the hand movement, the eyesight of 7 children did not recover from the operation. The prognosis in the children who underwent the decompression 7 days post-traumatically was much worse than other children.

Conclusions

The age of the patients was not the main element influencing the decision-making process for the operation. The main elements affecting the prognosis were the degree of injury and the time interval between the trauma and the time when patients underwent the surgery. The operation opportunity and plan are very important to a successful operation.     

经鼻内镜视神经减压术治疗外伤性视神经病

目的 探讨经鼻内镜视神经减压术治疗外伤性视神经病(TON)的临床疗效及相关预后因素.方法 回顾性分析深圳市龙岗区耳鼻咽喉医院2015-2018年21例TON患者经过大剂量激素冲击治疗无效后经鼻内镜行视神经减压术,术后以提高患者视力级别作为判断临床疗效的标准.结果 术后常规予抗生素及激素、改善循环、营养神经等药物治疗,所...