腰椎小关节退行性变的CT诊断

目的：探讨CT对腰椎小关节退变的诊断价值。方法：采用SOMTOMNOVA型CT机进行腰3-骶1椎间盘扫描。结果：CT扫查腰椎间盘病变，同时显示腰椎小关节退变，其表现有：椎小关节增生肥大、硬化；椎小关节变窄；椎小关节面下方囊性变；关节囊钙化、真空；关节退变性滑脱。结论：CT扫描是检查和诊断腰椎小关节退行性改变的有效方法。     

腰椎椎间关节退变的CT表现及临床意义

目的加强对腰椎椎间关节退变的认识和重视。方法总结60例腰椎椎间关节退变的cT表现,所有病例均行常规cT平扫,层厚、间隔均为3-5him。结果CT扫描表现为：31例关节面不对称,58例关节突增生硬化、骨赘形成,45例关节间隙狭窄、糜烂、软骨下骨质改变,11例关节出现真空现象,12例关节囊及关节周同钙化（12例）。结论CT能对椎间关节退变作令面观察,对下腰痛患者．很有必要做cT检查以排除腰椎问关节退变。     

腰椎小关节退变的CT诊断及临床意义

目的探讨CT的诊断价值及其临床意义。方法回顾153例腰椎小关节退变的临床症状与诊断,分析椎小关节退变的CT影像改变,进行重新认识、领会与提高。结果椎小关节退变CT影像表现为:小关节突的骨质增生、硬化、骨赘形成,关节软骨侵蚀,关节间隙狭窄、积气,关节面下小囊变及周围筋膜、韧带的钙化等。结论 CT扫描可准确显示腰椎小关节形态、结构等退行性改变,在目前临床医师未足够重视的情况下,运用CT的高分辨特性,对椎小关节退变的早期诊断提供可靠依据,充分提高他们对椎小关节退变的认识,为临床医师正确治疗反复腰腿痛的患者提供很好的帮助。     

腰椎小关节退变的临床CT诊断分析

目的：分析探讨腰椎小关节退变临床CT诊断价值。方法选取近年来收治的109例腰椎小关节退变患者作为研究对象,所有患者均行CT检查诊断,就其临床诊断资料进行了回顾性分析。结果109例腰椎小关节退变经CT检查发现198个小关节发生病变,包括61个关节突增生肥大、48个关节腔真空、21例关节脱位或不稳、42个关节囊钙化、有63个关节膨出,81个椎间盘突出,其它征象包括关节面骨皮质硬化、关节间隙狭窄等。结论采用CT技术诊断腰椎小关节退变可以为腰椎关节疾病临床诊治提供全面、系统的信息指导,诊断价值极高。     

腰椎小关节退变的CT诊断(附100例分析)

目的：研究CT对腰椎小关节退变的应用价值。方法：对100例腰椎小关节进行CT扫描，采用骨窗＋软组织窗进行观察。结果：腰椎小关节退变的CT表现：骨性关节面增生硬化60例，凹凸不平22例，模糊10例，中断22例，消失5例。关节间隙变窄11例，消失4例，宽窄不均4例，增宽4例，真空征19例，关节腔内游离体4例。小关节变尖11例，骨赘形成44例，骨质增生硬化13例，肥大畸形7例，骨质结构紊乱9例，骨质疏松53例，骨质囊变32例。小关节脱位或对合不良5例，关节囊钙化36例，黄韧带钙化25例，椎间孔变窄5例，侧隐窝变窄3例。结论：CT薄层扫描，骨窗和软组织窗同时观察是提高腰椎小关节退变诊断准确率的有效方法。     

腰椎小关节骨性关节炎的病理学及影像学对比研究

目的对比腰椎小关节骨性关节炎的病理学及影像学检查之间的关系。方法选取我科接受后路腰椎手术的患者共20例,其中男性8例,女性12例。采用Weishaup分级标准评估小关节退变程度;甲苯胺蓝染色法后镜下观察关节软骨组织学改变,采用Nicola提出的分级法对软骨的退变程度进行分级。结果对比影像学分级与软骨退变病理学分级,其中影像学0级时软骨退变1级1例,2级1例,3级1例;影像学1级时组织学软骨退变1级1例,3级1例,4级1例;影像学退变2、3级时组织学软骨退变均为3、4级。镜下观察到的病理改变与退变的软骨病变、坏死现象完全一致;在影像学检测小关节退变0级与1级时,个别软骨病理学分级较为严重,与影像学分级明显不符。而影像学退变2、3级时组织学软骨退变均为3、4级,影像学检查与病理学分级相符程度很高。结论临床诊断上,CT与MRI在诊断早期小关节骨性关节炎还有一定的局限性,但其在诊断中晚期小关节骨性关节炎时参考意义较大。     

退变性腰椎滑脱的CT分折

目的 探讨退变性腰椎滑脱的病因和CT诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析了50例退变性腰椎滑脱的CT表现，好发部位及其原因。结果 滑椎下缘相邻间盘均显示有“假性间盘脱出”征，椎间盘及椎小关节退变，椎小关节半脱位，硬膜囊受压。结论 椎间盘及椎小关节退变及韧带的松弛是本病的重要诱因，CT不仅能诊断退变性腰椎滑脱症，还能显示硬膜囊和神经根的改变。     

腰椎小关节退变的CT诊断及分析

目的：评价CT对腰椎小关节退变的诊断价值。材料与方法：对86例小关节退变的CT表现进行回顾性分析，其中男性57例；女性29例。年龄28—76岁，平均46．5岁。结果：CT所见异常征象为①小关节突的异常增生、肥大及骨赘的形成。②关节间隙变窄及其骨赘导致的侧隐窝、椎间孔及椎管的狭窄。③小关节腔内的积气现象。④小关节不对称及关节失稳。结论：小关节退变发生率高，CT可充分显示其解剖结构及病理改变，对该病的诊断具有重要意义。     

腰椎小关节真空现象的CT诊断

在腰椎间盘CT扫描检查中，腰椎小关节内的真空现象比较常见，但很容易被忽视。一般认为椎小关节真空现象，是椎小关节间软骨退变的一种征象，但通过它能较早地发现腰椎滑脱的存在^[1]。     

腰椎小关节退变与椎体滑脱CT征象的相关性分析

腰椎小关节退变又称腰椎小关节综合征,由此导致的椎体滑脱称退行性滑脱即假性滑脱(本文中没有特别注明“真性”二字时,是指假性滑脱),属于临床常见病、多发病,主要危害在于导致椎管狭窄而引发腰腿痛。现代医学影像学及脊柱外科学都偏重于椎弓峡部裂所致的真性滑脱的研究[1-5],而对假性滑脱的讨论相对较少。笔者现收集67例腰椎小关节退变合并32例椎体滑脱的CT平扫图像,着重探讨腰椎小关节形态改变与椎体滑脱CT征象的相关性,以提高真、假性滑脱的鉴别诊断水平,为临床合理治疗提供有力佐证。1资料与方法1·1一般资料本组67例,男26例,女41例;…     

Lumbar facet joint tropism does not accelerate degeneration of the facet joints.

PURPOSETo study the relationship of lumbar facet joint tropism to degeneration of the cartilage and subcortical bone in the facet joints and the effect of tropism in intervertebral disk degeneration.METHODSThe orientation of 104 cadaveric lumbar facet joints with respect to sagittal plane was measured on CT scans, and the joints were classified as having no tropism, mild tropism, or severe tropism. On MR images, the severity of cartilage degeneration and bony sclerosis was measured. The correlation between tropism and degeneration was calculated, as was the relationship among age, spinal level, and degeneration.RESULTSWe identified four spinal levels with severe tropism, six with moderate tropism, and 94 without tropism. Cartilage degeneration was not significantly more severe in the joints with tropism than in the joints without. Sclerosis was slightly greater in the joints with tropism than in the joints without it. Sclerosis and cartilage degeneration were significantly related to age and spinal level.CONCLUSIONAge, spinal level, and overall facet joint angle are more important factors in facet joint degeneration than is tropism.     

腰椎退变性(假性)滑脱的CT诊断与鉴别诊断

目的研究腰椎退变性滑脱的CT特征,使之与腰椎峡部裂引起的真性滑脱鉴别。方法对80例无腰椎外伤史和腰椎椎弓峡部裂史腰椎退变性滑脱的CT资料作回顾性分析。CT扫描范围从滑脱椎体椎弓开始至下位椎体上缘,所扫层面与椎间盘平行。结果 CT扫描有以下特征:①椎间盘退行性改变。②椎骨和椎小关节退行性改变,腰椎椎体边缘骨质增生及腰椎骨质疏松,椎小关节面增生硬化、关节面下囊变、碎裂、关节间隙变窄或不对称和关节囊钙化;滑脱腰椎椎弓完整,椎体及附件整体向前(后)移位,向前滑脱时,滑脱椎体下关节突向前移位,其前缘几乎与下位椎体上椎小关节突前缘相平或超出下位椎体上椎小关节突前缘,关节方向向矢状方向转化。③椎管、椎间孔和侧隐窝狭窄。④终板双重轮廓。结论腰椎退变性滑脱有其CT特征,能与腰椎峡部裂引起的真性滑脱鉴别。     

腰椎相关结构的退变规律

目的 研究腰椎退变患者腰椎骨质、椎间盘、韧带、椎小关节退变及腰椎退变性失稳与年龄、性别的相关性,探讨腰椎退变规律.资料与方法 对1 180例腰椎退变患者的腰椎CT进行分析,观察不同年龄段、不同性别间椎体骨质、椎间盘、椎小关节、韧带退变以及退变性腰椎失稳的发生率.结果 腰椎退变患者腰椎间盘的退变率最高,其次是腰椎骨质、椎小关节、韧带、腰椎失稳.以36岁为年龄分界,36岁以下为腰椎低退变率年龄,以上是腰椎高退变率年龄,不同结构伴随年龄增长的退变率并不是同步递增的,腰椎骨质、椎小关节、韧带退变率及腰椎失稳发生率最高在65岁以上年龄段,而腰椎间盘退变率最高在36～45岁年龄段.男性腰椎间盘、骨质的退变率明显高于女性;椎小关节、韧带的退变率在男、女性间无显著差异;而女性腰椎失稳率明显高于男性.结论 总体上伴随年龄增长的腰椎退变,其不同结构的退变规律不一,在不同年龄段及性别间都存在明显差异,全面分析腰椎退变的影像表现有利于对腰椎退变性疾病的理解和治疗.     

MR imaging and CT in osteoarthritis of the lumbar facet joints

Objective. To test the agreement between MR imaging and CT in the assessment of osteoarthritis of the lumbar facet joints, and thus to provide data about the need for an additional CT scan in the presence of an MR examination. Design and patients. Using a four-point scale, two musculoskeletal radiologists independently graded the severity of osteoarthritis of 308 lumbar facet joints on axial T2-weighted and on sagittal T1- and T2-weighted turbo-spin-echo images and separately on the corresponding axial CT scans. Kappa statistics and percentage agreement were calculated. Results. The weighted kappa coefficients for MR imaging versus CT were 0.61 and 0.49 for readers 1 and 2, respectively. The weighted kappa coefficients for interobserver agreement were 0.41 for MR imaging and 0.60 for CT, respectively. There was agreement within one grade between MR and CT images in 95% of cases for reader 1, and in 97% of cases for reader 2. Conclusion. With regard to osteoarthritis of the lumbar facet joints there is moderate to good agreement between MR imaging and CT. When differences of one grade are disregarded agreement is even excellent. Therefore, in the presence of an MR examination CT is not required for the assessment of facet joint degeneration. Received: 12 June 1998 Revision requested: 20 October 1998 Revision received: 29 December 1998 Accepted: 14 January 1999     

腰椎退行性病变CT分型(附1180例分析)

目的综合分析腰椎退行性病变的CT表现。方法分析1180例退变性腰腿痛患者的腰椎CT表现,按腰椎相关结构对其表现分类,结合临床表现,对腰椎退变的影像表现进行分型诊断。结果腰椎退变存在6种类型,即:椎间盘退变型,退变率65.3%;骨质退变型,退变率48.1%;椎小关节退变型,退变率36.0%;韧带退变型,退变率25.4%;退变性腰椎管狭窄,退变率44.0%;退变性腰椎失稳,退变率25%。前4种为原发性腰椎退变型,后2种为继发性腰椎退变型。结论腰椎退行性病变的CT分型有利于临床治疗。     

CT诊断腰椎小关节综合征的价值

目的分析腰椎小关节综合征的CT表现,探讨CT对该病的诊断价值.材料和方法回顾性分析59例腰椎小关节综合征的CT表现.结果腰椎小关节综合征小关节异常主要包括小关节增生肥大、骨赘形成、关节间隙变窄、小关节真空现象,小关节半脱位、关节囊钙化及两侧小关节不对称以及侧隐窝狭窄,椎间盘真空征及轻度腰椎退行性滑脱.结论CT扫描可对腰椎小关节综合征诊断提供可靠影像学依据,对改进临床诊断和治疗腰腿痛有重要意义.     

Osteoarthritis of the facet joints: accuracy of oblique radiographic assessment

Sensitivity and specificity of lumbar spine radiography in the assessment of facet joint osteoarthritis were evaluated, with computed tomography (CT) as the standard. Two independent radiologists used a four-point scale to blindly grade facet joint osteoarthritis on oblique radiographs and transaxial CT scans obtained within an 8-month period in 50 consecutive patients with pain in the lower back. The L-3 to L-4, L-4 to L-5, and L-5 to S-1 facet joints were evaluated, and 68% appeared abnormal on CT scans, with 28% exhibiting moderate or severe disease. Interobserver agreement was high for conventional radiography (perfect agreement in 57% and agreement to within one grade in 39%) and still higher for CT (perfect in 63% and to within one grade in 35%). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that oblique radiography was most accurate (55% sensitivity, 69% specificity) in distinguishing the presence from the absence of disease; in distinguishing absent or mild from moderate or severe disease, the specificity of oblique radiography was higher, at 94%, but its sensitivity was much lower, at 23%. Conventional radiography is a useful technique in screening for facet joint osteoarthritis but is insensitive compared with CT.     

The lumbar facet joint: a review of current knowledge: part 1: anatomy,biomechanics, and grading

We present a two-part review article on the current state of knowledge of lumbar facet joint pathology. This first article discusses the functional anatomy, biomechanics, and radiological grading systems currently in use in clinical practice and academic medicine. Facet joint degeneration is presented within the larger context of degenerative disc disease to enable the reader to better understand the anatomical changes underlying facet-mediated lower back pain. Other less-common, but equally important etiologies of lumbar facet joint degeneration are reviewed. The existing grading systems are discussed with specific reference to the reliability of CT and MR imaging in the diagnosis of lumbar facet osteoarthritis. It is hoped that this discussion will stimulate debate on how best to improve the diagnostic reliability of these tests so as to improve both operative and non-operative treatment outcomes.