大鼠半胸照射致肺纤维化模型的病理学观察

目的观察辐射致鼠肺纤维化病变发生过程的病理特征及其规律.方法35只雄性SD大鼠分为实验组21只和对照组14只.实验组用8MV直线加速器给予大鼠右半胸20 Gy单次照射,对照组佯装照射.在照射后1、3、7、14、28、84、164 d共7个时相点,分批活杀大鼠(照射组3只,对照组2只),观察其全肺大体形态改变,取右肺中叶组织进行光镜及电镜病理组织形态观察.结果照射后1、3、7 d可见肺实质细胞的损伤,内皮细胞核损伤出现最早;照射后14、28 d肺泡间隔渐加宽,并有胶原和成纤维细胞的增生;照射后84、164 d出现典型的肺纤维化病灶,肺实变区域有新生的血管内皮细胞和较多的肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞,肺泡腔内可见大量吞噬细胞.结论血管内皮细胞可能为辐射损伤最敏感的肺实质细胞.     

实验性大鼠肺纤维化病理形态及超微结构观察

目的 从形态学上研究肺纤维化的形成过程，为防治研究和客观地评价用药物治疗肺纤维化的疗效提供依据。方法 向大鼠气管内一次性注入博莱霉素(5mg／kg)，观察注药后各模型组的肺系数、肺组织定量分析、肺组织病理及超微结构的变化。结果 模型组肺系数从第7d开始呈逐渐升高趋势；定量分析：7d组肺泡炎最严重，28d组肺泡腔明显缩小，胶原纤维成分增加；光镜下7d组肺泡腔及肺泡间质内以炎细胞浸润为主，14d时肺泡间质增宽，成纤维细胞增多，28d时胶原纤维增生，部分肺泡腔萎缩消失；电镜下3d和7d时肺泡上皮线粒体肿胀，空泡化，核固缩或核染色质边集，肺毛细血管基膜水肿或增厚，14d时Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞增生，其内板层小体增多，成纤维细胞增多；28d时肺间质增宽，巨噬细胞及成纤维细胞增多，胶原纤维呈灶性沉集。结论 建立的大鼠肺纤维化模型符合肺泡炎一纤维化的早期演变过程。     

肺纤维化形成过程中大鼠成纤维细胞对肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞的影响

目的:研究在平阳霉素诱导的大鼠肺纤维化形成过程中肺成纤维细胞对肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞的影响。方法:先将大鼠分成平阳霉素组和生理盐水组,平阳霉素组气管内给药复制大鼠肺纤维化动物模型(平阳霉素3mg/kg),生理盐水组气管内注射等量生理盐水,分别于7,28 d处死平阳霉素组大鼠10只,生理盐水组大鼠4只,其中平阳霉素组及生理盐水组各取3只提取肺成纤维细胞,平阳霉素组6只提取大鼠原代Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞,分别进行培养。待两种细胞均已贴壁后,再进行如下分组即:①实验组:用平阳霉素组肺成纤维细胞上清液加入平阳霉素组肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞并培养48 h;②对照组:用生理盐水组肺成纤维细胞上清液加入平阳霉素组肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞并培养48 h。用半定量RT-PCR法检测实验组和对照组中肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞SP-A、TGF-β及HGF mRNA表达的变化。结果:①SP-A mRNA和HGF mRNA的表达实验组低于对照组(P相似文献   

博菜霉素诱导大鼠实验性肺纤维化肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞MMP-2和MT1-MMP mRNA表达的动态变化

目的探讨肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞MMP-2和MT1-MMP在肺纤维化中的表达及意义.方法气管内注射博莱霉素制备大鼠肺纤维化模型,在肺纤维化形成过程的不同阶段分离和提取肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞,应用RT-PCR方法,观察其MMP-2及MT1-MMPmRNA表达的动态变化.结果(1)在博莱霉素作用后1～7d大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞MT1-MMP转录水平明显增高,分别为对照组的1.8和1.9倍;(2)肺纤维化早期肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞MMP-2转录水平也增强.结论肺泡上皮不单是致纤维化因素的损伤对象,其损伤后活跃增生的肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞可以通过释放MT1-MMP,催化MMP-2,从而引起和(或)加重肺基膜的损伤.     

电脉冲裸基因肌肉注射胰岛素样生长因子-1介导的小鼠肺纤维化病理观察

目的：观察胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)所致小鼠肺纤维化的病理变化。方法：应用电泳冲裸基因肌肉注射法，观察注射截短型IGF1后2，3，4及8周组小鼠肺组织病理学变化。结果：2周组小鼠肺间质充血水肿。3周组肺泡隔明显增厚，大量肺泡上皮细胞，巨噬细胞及成纤维细胞增生。4周组肺间质大量胶原沉积，肺纤维化样改变。8周组肺纤维化病变明显减轻，肺泡结构渐趋恢复。结论：IGF-1可直接导致肺纤维化发生。IGF-1介导的肺纤维化早期病变可以逆转。     

TGF-β3在小鼠放射性肺纤维化中的作用研究

目的观察经60 Coγ射线全胸照射后小鼠肺脏的改变,探究转化生长因子-β3(TGF-β3)在小鼠放射性肺纤维化中的作用。方法180只C57BL/6雌性小鼠随机分为对照组、照射组和TGF-β3组。照射组和TGF-β3组经60 Co γ射线单次全胸照射,照射后每周分别腹腔注射0.5 ml 0.9%生理盐水和TGF-β3(1μg/kg)一次。于照射后3、7、14 d和1、3、6个月活杀,肺脏经HE和天狼星红染色观察病理,检测小鼠肺内循环纤维细胞( CF)的数量。结果建立小鼠放射性肺纤维化模型。照射后6个月时,TGF-β3组肺脏见点状实变,部分成纤维细胞增生,少量胶原纤维沉积。照射后14 d到6个月,照射组肺脏 CF 数量比对照组明显增加( P <0.05)。照射后1个月时,TGF-β3组肺脏CF数量比照射组明显减少( P<0.05)。结论 TGF-β3使CF在肺内的聚集明显减少,其可能在延缓肺纤维化发生过程中发挥重要作用。     

博莱霉素诱导大鼠实验性肺纤维化肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞MMP—2和MT1—MMP mRNA表达的动态变化

目的 探讨肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞MMP－2和MT1－MMP在肺纤维化中的表达及意义。方法 气管内注射博莱霉素制备大鼠肺纤维化模型,在肺纤维化形成过程的不同阶段分离和提取肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞,应用RT－PCR方法,观察其MMP－2及MT1－MMP mRNA表达的动态变化。结果 （1）在博莱霉素作用后1－7d大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞MT1－MMP转录水平明显增高,分别为对照组的1．8和1．9倍;（2）肺纤维化早期肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞MMP－2转录水平也增强。结论 肺泡上皮不单是致纤维化因素的损伤对象,其损伤后活跃增生的肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞可以通过释放MT1－MMP,催化MMP－2,从而引起和（或）加重肺基膜的损伤。     

犬骨髓型急性呼吸窘迫综合征肺脏超微结构观察

4只犬经颈静脉注入同种异体骨髓提取液0.6ml/kg,1小时后过量麻醉处死,另2只犬注射0.9%Na C10.6ml/kg作为空白对照。实验组犬肺组织扫描和透射电镜观察结果显示,不仅肺微血管内有大量脂滴和血细胞聚集物阻塞,肺泡腔内亦见脂滴和大量血细胞以及纤维素样物质。其它病理变化包括:肺泡Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型细胞轻度变性、肺不张、肺泡及间质水肿、透明膜形成。其呼吸窘迫综合征样肺损伤可能主要与脂滴和血细胞聚集物阻塞造成微血管破裂和通透性增高有关。     

内毒素与博莱霉素所致肺损伤及纤维化的病理改变

目的:探讨内毒素与博莱霉素所致肺损伤的病理特征及肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞形态和功能的变化。方法:将60只SD大鼠随机分为内毒素组、博莱霉素组、对照组,内毒素组经尾静脉注射内毒素5 mg/kg,博莱霉素组给予气管内注入博莱霉素5 mg/kg,对照组气管内及尾静脉注入等体积的生理盐水。分别于给药后的第3,7,14,28天处死5只。肺组织HE染色及Masson染色行病理组织学检查及电镜观察其超微结构的改变。结果:内毒素组早期肺泡炎较重,短期内恢复正常,肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞主要表现为线粒体的水肿,板层小体的脱颗粒,增生不明显。博莱霉素组早期肺泡炎,随之出现纤维化,并逐渐加重。Ⅱ型上皮细胞变性坏死,线粒体破坏。结论:内毒素与博莱霉素虽均可导致肺损伤,前者恢复正常,后者演变成肺纤维化,可能与肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞损伤的程度有关。     

大鼠硫化氢中毒后肺的形态学研究

本实验应用光镜、电镜对大鼠吸入100±15ppm硫化氢(H_2S)3h后15d内肺的形态变化作了动态观察。结果发现病变广泛累及支气管上皮、肺泡上皮、肺小血管及间质。肺水肿、灶性肺出血、退变上皮的脱落及中性白细胞渗出见于中毒后3h～3d,慢性炎症及纤维组织增生见于中毒后7～15d。肺泡上皮、吞噬细胞、血管内皮、纤维母细胞及炎细胞的超微结构变化明显。肺水肿初为间质性并渐波及肺泡腔。肺泡表面活性物质碎片见于中毒后3h～3d。实验结果表明H_2S对肺具有广泛的损伤作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.