玻璃体视网膜手术治疗视网膜坏死

目的评价玻璃体视网膜手术治疗急性视网膜坏死综合征（ARNS）的疗效。方法对1例（1眼）玻璃体炎症明显和6例（6眼）伴有视网膜脱离的ARNS患者行玻璃体切除术,切除玻璃体、视网膜剥膜、视网膜切开、硅油填充及眼内光凝。结果所有病例视网膜均获得满意复位。5眼行取硅油术后、随访6-12个月均未发生视网膜再脱离,所有病例术后均保留视力。结论玻璃体视网膜手术是治疗急性视网膜坏死综合征有效的方法,可明显改善预后。     

手术治疗急性视网膜坏死5例报告

目的 通过5例病例总结，探讨手术治疗急性视网膜坏死综合征(acute retinal necrosis，ARN)的临床效果。方法应用巩膜环扎联合玻璃体切除加气／硅油交换手术治疗ARN。结果5例患者(5只眼)均视网膜复位，裂孔封闭，视力提高至0．1～0．15。结论对急性视网膜坏死综合征(ARN)后期致视网膜裂孔、脱离者，应用巩膜环扎联合玻璃体切除加气／硅油交换手术治疗，可以解除玻璃体对视网膜的牵引，封闭视网膜裂孔，使脱离的视网膜复位，最大限度地挽救患眼视功能。     

预防性玻璃体切割手术治疗急性视网膜坏死综合征

目的:探讨预防性玻璃体切割手术对急性视网膜坏死综合征的治疗效果。方法:患者26例33眼分为两组,常规治疗组20眼接受常规治疗,包括抗病毒治疗、视网膜脱离发生后给予玻璃体切割手术治疗;及时玻璃体切割手术组13眼给予抗病毒治疗及预防性玻璃体切割手术治疗。术后患者随访6~48 mo。结果:在常规治疗组,发生视网膜脱离11眼(55%),眼球萎缩4眼(20%),视力提高者3眼(15%),预防性玻璃体切割手术治疗组,发生视网膜脱离1眼(8%),视力提高者5眼(38%)。预防性玻璃体切割手术组视网膜脱离发生率较常规治疗组低(P<0.05)。结论:预防性玻璃体切割手术可以有效地降低视网膜脱离的发生率,改善急性视网膜坏死综合征的预后。     

急性视网膜坏死综合征的临床治疗

目的 探讨急性视网膜坏死综合征临床治疗方法.方法 对急性视网膜坏死综合征30例36眼分别进行抗病毒药物联合激光治疗,或进行玻璃体视网膜手术联合药物治疗.对于已并发视网膜脱离17眼和药物联合激光治疗病情不能控制的6眼,行玻璃体视网膜手术,观察视力和视网膜情况.结果 36眼视网膜完全复位,炎症均得到控制.除1眼术后视力仍为光感,35眼(97.22％)视力得到不同程度提高.数指6眼,0.01～0.04者l眼,0.05～0.1者11眼,0.12～0.25者7眼,0.3～0.6者7眼,0.7～1.0者3眼.1眼术后持续低眼压,1例2眼取出硅油后视网膜脱离复发,经再次硅油填充而愈.结论 急性视网膜坏死是严重的致盲性眼病,视网膜脱离是其常见的并发症之一.早期诊断和及时足量的阿昔洛韦和皮质类固醇联合光凝,玻璃体视网膜手术均为治疗急性视网膜坏死综合征,保护视功能的有效方法.     

玻璃体切除术治疗急性视网膜坏死综合征

目的：评价玻璃体切除术治疗急性视网膜坏死综合征（ARNS）的疗效。方法：对6例（7眼）伴有视网膜裂孔或脱离的ARNS患者进行玻璃体切除术,采用三通道睫状体平坦部切口切除玻璃体、剥膜、松解性视网膜切开、硅油填充及眼内光凝。术后半年到9个月取出硅油。结果：5眼伴有视网膜脱离眼手术治疗后视网膜均获得满意复位,2眼在取出硅油后视网膜脱离复发。2眼存在视网膜裂孔眼术后无新裂孔及视网膜脱离发生,所有病例术后视力均有不同程度改善,最优者为0.1。结论：玻璃体切除术是治疗急性视网膜坏死综合征有效的方法,可明显改善其预后。     

晚期急性视网膜坏死综合征的手术效果观察

目的评价急性视网膜坏死综合征视网膜脱离行玻璃体切除、硅油填充联合视网膜光凝术的手术效果。方法对10例（10眼）急性视网膜坏死综合征视网膜脱离进行经睫状体平坦部玻璃体切除和增生膜剥离术，术中氩激光光凝视网膜裂孔和残留的正常视网膜边缘，并行硅油填充术，3眼因晶状体浑浊同时行晶状体切除术，术后5～6个月取出硅油，硅油取出之前3周行赤道部的氩激光光凝，观察硅油取出后视网膜复位及视力状况。结果术后短期内（〈1月）视网膜全复位，随访14～26月，8眼视网膜复位良好，复位率80．00％（8／10），2眼因视网膜表面增生膜形成，视网膜再次脱离。术后视力：光感者1眼，手动者1眼，数指者3眼，0．05～0．1者3眼，0．12者2眼。结论现代玻璃体切除、硅油填充联合视网膜光凝术提高了急性视网膜坏死视网膜脱离的视网膜复位率，但因视网膜坏死结构破坏以致视力恢复较差。     

玻璃体切除术治疗急性视网膜坏死综合征

目的 探讨玻璃体切除术治疗急性视网膜坏死综合征的手术时机、手术方法并评价其疗效.方法 选取2005年1月至2008年6月经玻璃体切除术治疗急性视网膜坏死综合征的26例31只眼.单眼21例,双眼5例.自发病至手术时间为半个月至6个月.所有患者均给予无环鸟苷及糖皮质激素治疗,对于药物治疗病情无好转或就诊时已有严重的玻璃体混浊或已并发视网膜脱离患者,及时进行玻璃体切除手术.术中彻底切除混浊的玻璃体,包括用巩膜顶压法或在全视网膜镜下切除基底部玻璃体,对于视网膜表面的较厚渗出物用笛针仔细予以吸除,仔细剥离、切除视网膜前增殖膜,对于有视网膜脱离者注入重水压平视网膜,光凝封闭视网膜裂孔及坏死萎缩的视网膜区,气液交换后行C2F6、C3F8或硅油填充玻璃体腔.硅油填充眼视眼部情况择期行硅油取出术.观察炎症控制情况及视网膜复位、视力恢复情况.随访期为6个月至2年.结果 随访期间所有病例炎症均控制良好,单眼发病患者对侧眼未出现发病.25只眼(80.65%)视力有不同程度改善,其中18只眼视力≥0.1,占58.06%,最好视力为1.0.视网膜完全复位者28只眼,占90.32%;视网膜部分复位、硅油维持眼2只眼;低眼压、硅油维持眼1只眼.结论 对于急性视网膜坏死病情严重者,选择合适的手术时机、及时进行玻璃体切除手术治疗,可有效控制病情发展、挽救患者的视功能.     

预防性玻璃体手术治疗急性视网膜坏死综合征

目的 报告一组Ⅰ～Ⅱ期急性视网膜坏死综合征患者经预防性玻璃体手术治疗的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2006年2月至2008年7月20例(20只眼)Ⅰ～Ⅱ期急性视网膜坏死综合征患者接受预防性玻璃体手术治疗的临床资料.所有患者接受完全玻璃体切除联合激光光凝及硅油填充,术中用曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射以增加玻璃体可视性,术后常规面朝下体位,术前、术后均给予阿昔洛韦等药物治疗.随防10～12月.结果 20例20只眼中,硅油取出后,18只眼视网膜在位;2只眼出现视网膜脱离,其中1只眼再次行视网膜前膜剥除+硅油注入+激光光凝术,硅油取出后,视网膜在位;另1只眼因术前视网膜坏死广泛,视网膜动脉广泛闭塞,再次手术后,视网膜未能复位.术后视力提高13只眼、不变5只眼、下降2只眼.结论 预防性玻璃体切除联合激光光凝及硅油填充是治疗急性视网膜坏死综合征的有效方法,术后患者能改善或保持视力,减少视网膜脱离的发生率.     

无晶状体眼视网膜脱离手术方法的探讨

目的 探讨治疗无晶状体眼视网膜脱离(ARD)和人工晶状体眼视网膜脱离(PPRD)的手术方式选择。方法 以无晶状体眼及人工晶状体眼原发生视网膜脱离65例(65只眼)为研究对象，分首次单纯环扎加压组30例(30只眼)及玻璃体手术加环扎或环扎加压组35例(35只眼)，进行临床治疗以及复发后进一步治疗观察。结果 30只眼单纯环扎加压组一次手术成功率86．67％(26／30)。随访3个月～1年，平均5．2个月。视网膜复位27只眼，复位率90％，其中3只眼再次行玻璃体手术治疗。玻璃体手术联合环扎或环扎加压组35只眼作为首次手术，一次手术成功率91．43％(32／35)，3只眼为巩膜手术复发者．共38只眼，随访3个月～1年，平均4．9个月，视网膜复位37只眼，复位率97．37％。总手术成功率93．85％(61／65)。结论 单纯环扎加压术和玻璃体手术加环扎或环扎加压术两种手术方法在选择好手术适应证情况下治疗ARD和PPRD具有较好的效果。玻璃体手术加环扎或环扎加压术对PVR增生较重的病例效果显著。两种手术方法结合治疗ARD和PPRD能明显提高视网膜复位率。     

急性视网膜坏死伴视网膜脱离的玻璃体手术治疗

报告5例急性视网膜坏死（acute retinal necrosis ARN）伴视网膜脱离的玻璃体手术治疗结果。单眼2例，双眼3例。发生视网膜破孔及视网膜脱离者5眼（行玻璃体手术治疗），仅有视网膜破孔无脱离者3眼（氩激光治疗）。手术采用闭合式玻璃体切割、环扎、气液交换、眼内激光或冷凝等，全身治疗包括皮质激素、阿斯匹林和无环鸟苷等。手术的视网膜复位4眼，视力≥0.05者3眼。随访6至18个月，其中一眼视网膜脱离复发，另外3眼视网膜在位，最好视力0.2.对此类视网膜脱离玻璃体手术治疗时机，手术技巧及预防性手术问题进行了探讨。 （中华眼底病杂志，1996，12：20-21)     

玻璃体手术治疗外伤性视网膜脱离

目的 观察玻璃体视网膜手术治疗外伤性视网膜脱离的疗效。方法 应用玻璃体视网膜手术结合视网膜切开治疗了２７例外伤性视网膜脱离。结果 术后视力在０．０１以上者１６例占５９．３％，随访６￣２４月，平均１７．４月，视网膜复位率为７４％。结论 尽管外伤性视网膜脱离的手术疗效不理想，但经过初期创伤缝合和二期玻璃体视网膜手术，多数眼能重建眼球并部分恢复视力。     

Vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade as an initial surgery for retinal detachment after acute retinal necrosis syndrome

PURPOSE: To show the feasibility of vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade as an initial surgical procedure for retinal detachments with multiple tears that develop after the fulminant type of acute retinal necrosis syndrome. METHODS: In a prospective noncomparative interventional case series, vitrectomy, silicone oil tamponade, and encircling scleral buckling with a solid silicone, combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation (except for one pseudophakic patient [Case 2]), were performed in three consecutive patients during the four-year period from 1999 to 2002. These patients had developed retinal detachment with multiple retinal tears after the resolution of acute retinal necrosis syndrome. As an initial standard treatment for acute retinal necrosis syndrome, all patients received maximum-dose intravenous acyclovir (1500 mg daily) for two weeks combined with intravenous prednisolone tapered from 200 mg daily. RESULTS: Case 1 was a 65-year-old woman who developed retinal detachment 44 days after the onset of acute retinal necrosis syndrome; Case 2, a 79-year-old man, developed retinal detachment 51 days after the onset; and Case 3, a 59-year-old man, developed retinal detachment 70 days after the onset. Before surgery, all patients showed multiple tears scattered on the detached atrophic retina extending over the entire midperipheral fundus with vitreoretinal adhesions and vitreous opacity. The retina was reattached during the initial surgery. The patients showed no recurrence of retinal detachment and maintained a visual acuity of 20/200 or 20/100 during the one- to three-year follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade could be a treatment option as the initial surgical procedure for retinal detachments that develop after the fulminant type of acute retinal necrosis syndrome.     

硅油填充术后视网膜再脱离的分析与处理

目的探讨硅油填充术后视网膜再脱离的特点及处理方式。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象55例(55眼)硅油填充术后视网膜再脱离患者。方法分析硅油填充术后视网膜再脱离患眼的临床表现,并分别采取硅油取出联合玻璃体视网膜手术、硅油下视网膜复位手术及单纯巩膜扣带术复位治疗,术后随访3个月。主要指标视网膜再脱离临床表现、视网膜复位情况及视力。结果硅油填充术后视网膜再脱离的特点为下方脱离为主,范围常小于2个象限,多伴有再增生及裂孔。50眼再次行手术治疗,39眼行硅油取出联合玻璃体视网膜手术,9眼行硅油下视网膜复位手术,2眼行单纯巩膜扣带术。随访期间,完全复位41眼(78％),部分复位7眼,未复位2眼。结论硅油填充术后视网膜再脱离较为复杂,需根据视网膜再脱离的特点,针对性地选择手术方法。     

Acute retinal necrosis

The authors report on three patients with acute retinal necrosis who were treated with the virostatic agent Acyclovir and who underwent vitreoretinal surgery with silicone oil filling for total retinal detachment. In two eyes the retina was reattached, but useful vision was only preserved in one patient. Titers from blood and the vitreous, as well as microscopic findings in retinal biopsies, support the view that the necrosis is caused by a herpes simplex virus infection. After therapy with Acyclovir was instituted no further progression on the necrosis was observed. However, the development of retinal detachment could not be prevented. Early diagnosis and antiviral therapy are essential to improve the otherwise poor prognosis in this rare syndrome.     

Surgical management of retinal detachment associated with the acute retinal necrosis syndrome.

We operated on nine eyes in eight patients with retinal detachment associated with acute retinal necrosis (ARN) syndrome. The patients were treated with scleral buckling, vitreoretinal surgery, or a combination of these treatments. Vitrectomised eyes underwent combinations of lensectomy, membrane dissection, scleral buckling, air-fluid exchange, endolaser photocoagulation, cryotherapy, and retinal tamponade with C3F8 gas or SF6 gas. Macular attachment was achieved in eight (89%) eyes. Vision improved in seven (78%) eyes, of which five (56%) achieved 20/200 or better vision. Three eyes that had received laser treatment posterior to areas of retinitis suffered retinal detachment despite this prophylactic treatment. Poor visual outcome resulted from viral infection of the optic nerve or macular involvement, macular hole formation, macular pucker, or hypotony.     

晶体玻璃体视网膜联合手术治疗复杂性视网膜脱离

目的探讨玻璃体视网膜手术（ｖｉｔｒｅｒｅｔｉｎａｌｓｕｒｇｅｒｙ，ＶＲ术）联合晶体切除／超声粉碎的效果。方法对８１例（８１只眼）应用晶体玻璃体视网膜联合手术（ｌｅｎｔｉｃｕｌａｒ－ｖｉｔｒｅｏｒｅｔｉｎａｌｓｕｒｇｅｒｙ，ＬＶＲ术）治疗的复杂性视网膜脱离进行回顾性分析。结果解剖性成功者６４只眼（７９．０１％），功能性成功者４５只眼（５５．５６％）；手术成功率显著降低的原因是前部增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变（ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｖｅｖｉｔｒｅｏ－ｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙ，ＰＶＲ）（成功率４２．８６％，Ｐ＜０．０１）和术中／术后眼内出血（成功率５８．８２％，Ｐ＜０．０２５）。结论ＬＶＲ术是治疗复杂性视网膜脱离的主要方法；显著影响手术预后的因素是前部ＰＶＲ和术中／术后眼内出血。     

急性视网膜坏死的手术治疗

目的研究玻璃体手术治疗急性视网膜坏死（ａｃｕｔｅｒｅｔｉｎａｌｎｅｃｒｏｓｉｓ,ＡＲＮ）的疗效。方法对１７例（２０只眼）伴有或即将发生视网膜脱离的ＡＲＮ患者进行手术治疗。共有１８只眼行玻璃体手术,其中１５只眼加行巩膜外加压或环扎术;７只眼行晶体摘除术,７只眼行３０°～３６０°视网膜切开,１只眼球内注入Ｃ３Ｆ８,１２只眼注入硅油。９只眼在术后５～７个月取出硅油。２只眼行单纯巩膜外手术,均为３６０°冷凝、环扎、外加压。结果随访期５个月至５年,手术２０只眼中有２只眼因术中脉络膜上腔出血而致眼球萎缩,１只眼在取硅油后因复发视网膜脱离而致眼球萎缩,余均维持有用视力;其中８只眼视力优于００２,３只眼视力优于０２。结论视网膜脱离是急性视网膜坏死的严重并发症,通过适时的玻璃体视网膜手术可以显著改善其预后     

外伤致复杂视网膜脱离的手术治疗

目的：观察玻璃体视网膜手术治疗外伤致复杂视网膜脱离疗效。方法：应用玻璃体切割、剥膜、视网膜切开、眼内激光、眼内充填术,治疗38例（38眼）外伤性视网膜脱离。结果：术后视力在0．01以上为24例,占63．2％,视网膜位率为89．8％,结论：通过玻璃体视网膜联合手术,多数能重建眼球,并可恢复视力。     

Survey of surgical indications and results of primary pars plana vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachments.

BACKGROUND: Several surgical techniques to repair rhegmatogenous retinal detachment have been developed. Recently, both the method of reattaching the retina and of obtaining an early visual recovery are considered important factors when determining which surgical techniques to perform to treat retinal detachment. CASES: The surgical outcome in a series of 63 consecutive patients, who were treated at Osaka Rosai Hospital between 1993 and 1996, was reviewed retrospectively to evaluate the efficacy of primary vitrectomy to treat uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with posterior hyaloid separation. The criteria for vitrectomy included the presence of not only posterior retinal breaks, but also of multiple peripheral retinal breaks. OBSERVATIONS: The reattachment rate after the first surgery was 92.1% (58 eyes), and by the final examination it increased to 100%. Of the 46 eyes with macular detachment, good visual rehabilitation and a visual acuity improvement of 5 or more lines was obtained in 33 eyes (71.7%) by 1 month postoperatively. No statistically significant difference in the reattachment rate was found when eyes that underwent an encircling procedure were compared with those that did not. In eyes with lens opacity, cataract surgery was also performed and intraocular lenses were implanted uneventfully in all but one case with myopia. There was a high incidence (53.8%) of cataract progression in phakic eyes. However, no other serious complications, such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy, were found throughout the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that vitrectomy performed to alleviate peripheral vitreoretinal traction is an effective surgical technique to treat primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Vitrectomy combined with cataract surgery may also be a valuable surgical option in selected cases to maintain long-standing visual rehabilitation.