胃下部癌常规病理阴性No.9组淋巴结微转移研究

目的 检测胃下部癌常规病理阴性No.9组淋巴结微转移情况,并分析淋巴结微转移与临床病理因素的关系.方法 分别应用淋巴结组织连续切片法和端粒重复序列扩增(TRAP)-酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法 ,检测41例胃下部癌病人No.9组82枚常规病理阴性的淋巴结(每例2枚),结合临床病理资料进行统计分析.结果 连续切片法检测发现3例病人4枚淋巴结发生微转移,对该4枚淋巴结行端粒酶活性检测,结果 均呈阳性.对连续切片阴性者检测发现另有8例病人的13枚淋巴结发生微转移,两种检测方法 的差异具有显著性(χ2=6.125,P＜0.05).本组病人No.9组淋巴结微转移率为26.83%(11/41),其淋巴结微转移度为20.73%(17/82).淋巴结微转移与病人年龄、性别、分化程度差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.322～1.328,P＞0.05),但与原发肿瘤大体分型、肿瘤直径、浸润深度及临床分期有关(χ2=5.455～8.389,P<0.05).结论 胃下部癌病人No.9组淋巴结有较高的微转移率,建议对常规病理检查无淋巴结转移病人行微转移检测,以准确分期及指导治疗.     

进展期胃窦癌No.14v组淋巴结转移规律的研究

目的:研究进展期胃窦癌No.14v组淋巴结的转移规律。方法:通过对50例进展期胃窦癌患者行D2根治术,检测No.14v组淋巴结转移情况、No.6淋巴结转移情况、肿瘤浸润深度、肿瘤TNM分期、肿瘤直径及肿瘤分化程度,然后统计分析No.14v组淋巴结转移与上述其他检测指标之间的关系及术前CT检查的准确率。结果:术前CT检查发现No.14v组淋巴结转移阳性率为2%,假阴性率为12%。进展期胃窦癌No.14v组淋巴结转移率为12%。No.6淋巴结转移阳性者No.14v组淋巴结转移率24%,No.6淋巴结转移阴性者No.14v组淋巴结转移率3%。No.14v组淋巴结转移与No.6淋巴结转移、肿浸润深度、肿瘤TNM分期及肿瘤直径有关(P0.05),而与肿瘤分化程度无关(P0.05)。结论:CT对No.14v组淋巴结转移的诊断准确性不高,进展期胃窦癌No.14v组淋巴结转移率较高,No.6淋巴结转移阳性者No.14v组淋巴结转移率高。     

胃癌10和11组淋巴结转移及其清扫

目的：研究胃癌脾门淋巴结(No．10)和脾动脉周围淋巴结(No．11)转移规律，进一步探讨No．10和11清扫的必要性和方法。方法：1991年-2000年132例行全胃切除，D2以上淋巴结清扫的胃癌患者，回顾性研究临床病理资料，包括性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、大小、浸润深度、病理类型、其他淋巴结转移等对No．10和11转移的影响，比较全胃切除和全胃联合脏器切除的并发症发生率。结果：胃癌具有较高的No．10或11淋巴结转移率(18．9％)，Logistic回归分析表明，胃癌部位、病理类型、浸润深度和大小弯淋巴结转移五项临床病理指标影响No．10和U转移率。联合脏器切除的并发症发生率(32％)明显高于单纯全胃切除(11．2％)，联合肢体尾切除增加肠下脓肿发生率，而脾切除并不增加全胃切除的危险性。结论：No．10和11在胃癌有较高的转移率和特定的转移规律，预防性和治疗性的清扫实属必要，联合左侧肢体尾加脾切除增加手术危险性，应严格掌握的适应证。而保留胰腺，切除脾血管和脾清扫No．10．和ll淋巴结合理可靠。     

胃癌的淋巴结转移规律研究

目的探讨胃癌淋巴结转移的规律。方法通过对435例胃癌病人淋巴结转移资料回顾性的研究,分析淋巴结转移的影响因素。结果BorrmannⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型胃癌的淋巴结转移率分别为43.75%、61.27%、72.54%和88.89%（χ^2=18.25,P〈0.01）;T1、T2、T3、T4胃癌的淋巴结转移率分别为7.69%、36.84%、75.52%、88.24%（χ^2=102.73,P〈0.01）;高、中、低分化腺癌的淋巴结转移率分别为23.77%、34.38%和71.86%,黏液腺癌和印戒细胞癌的淋巴结转移率分别为71.11%和71.87%;直径〈3.0cm、3.0～5.0cm和〉5.0cm淋巴结的转移率分别为26.72%、71.22%和81.67%（χ^2=97.09,P〈0.01）。435例胃癌病人淋巴结转移率为63.68%。不同分组淋巴结转移与胃癌所在部位有关,上部和中部以No3组最常见,下部以No6组最常见,其次为No3组。结论胃癌淋巴结转移与肿瘤形态、分化及浸润深度有关;胃癌中淋巴结转移率第一站最高为No3、No6组,第二站为No7、No8组。     

胃癌淋巴结微转移的临床研究

目的　研究胃癌淋巴结微转移的情况及意义。方法　应用免疫组化方法 ,细胞角蛋白CK检测阴性淋巴结。结果　 4 6例胃癌患者周围阴性淋巴结 6 2 4枚 ,4例患者 8枚淋巴结发现CK阳性细胞。弥漫型胃癌微转移率 (5 0 % )明显高于肠型胃癌 (4 76 % ) ,2者差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。淋巴结微转移与肿瘤分期、浸润深度、部位、淋巴结转移、肿瘤大小及预后无关。结论　 (1)胃癌周围阴性淋巴结存在微转移灶 ,为准确的临床分期和制定辅助治疗方案提供可能 ;(2 )微转移与预后无明显关系。     

胃癌前哨淋巴结检测的临床价值(附40例报告)

目的 探讨胃癌前哨淋巴结检测(SLNB)的临床价值.方法 使用亚甲蓝对40例胃癌患者行前哨淋巴结术中标识活检,随后行D2或D2以上手术.结果 本组病例SLN预测胃周淋巴结转移的敏感性为91.67%(22/24),假阴性率为 8.83%(2/24),准确率为94.87%(37/39 ).SLN在第1站占87.18%(34/39); 检出率依次:No 3、No 4、No 5、No 6等.SLN在第2站占12.82%(5/39) ;检出率依次:No7、No 8等.同时,SLN预侧胃周淋巴结转移的敏感性和准确率随胃癌浸润深度的增加而降低,T1期敏感性和准确率为100%,T3期的敏感性为84.62% (11/13),准确率88.23 %(15/17).22例转移的SLN中,3例SLN为唯一转移部位,且均为T1、T2期.结论 SLNB符合胃癌的一般淋巴结转移规律和"跳跃性转移"特点,能准确反映胃癌的淋巴结转移状况,更适于早期胃癌的检测;可能提高胃癌淋巴结微转移的检出率和胃癌分期的准确性及有望指导胃癌淋巴结清扫具有临床价值.     

E-钙黏素和环氧合酶-2在胃癌中表达的相关性及其与淋巴结转移的关系

目的 检测E-钙黏素(E-cadherin)和环氧合酶(COX-2)在胃癌组织中表达的相关性及探讨其与淋巴结转移的关系.方法 应用免疫组化技术(S-P法)检测60例胃癌组织和5例胃正常组织中E-cadherin和COX-2的表达及其在淋巴结中的表达情况.结果 正常胃黏膜E-cadherin呈阳性表达,而胃癌组织中E-cadherin的阴性表达率为83.3%(50/60);E-cadherin表达阴性与胃癌细胞分化程度、浸润深度以及淋巴结转移密切相关,但与性别、生长方式和肿瘤直径无明显相关.正常胃黏膜未见COX-2表达,癌组织中阳性表达明显升高,阳性表达率为61.7%(37/60);COX-2表达阳性与胃癌细胞分化程度、肿瘤生长方式、浸润深度以及淋巴结转移密切相关,但与肿瘤部位、直径和患者的性别无明显关系.结论 E-cadherin表达能抑制肿瘤细胞的侵袭和转移,COX-2可能参与了胃癌的侵袭和转移;E-cadherin表达下调和COX-2的高表达可能共同参与了胃癌的侵袭和转移.     

第12组淋巴结清扫在胃癌根治术中的作用

目的：探讨胃癌患者第12组淋巴结的转移情况，为合理地选择淋巴结清扫范围提供依据。方法：对46例行包括第12组淋巴结在内的根治性胃癌淋巴结清扫术（D2或以上手术）胃癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析，分析不同肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小、浸润深度及分化程度与第12组淋巴结转移情况的关系。结果：胃癌患者12a、12b、12p组淋巴结转移率分别为26．1％、13．1％、2．2％，12a组淋巴结转移率明显高于其他2组（P〈0．05）；胃上部（U区）、胃中部（M区）、胃下部（L区）及全胃癌第12组淋巴结转移率分别为16．7％、28．6％、14．8%和83．3％，全胃癌的淋巴结转移率明显高于U、M、L各区（P〈0．05）；肿瘤直径≤5cm及〉5cm者第12组淋巴结转移率分别为13．8％、47．1％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；浸透浆膜与浆膜未受浸润的第12组淋巴结转移率分别为35．3％和0，浸透浆膜淋巴结转移率明显升高（P〈0．05）；低分化、高一中分化胃癌第12组淋巴结转移率分别为29．7％、11．1％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：胃癌肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小、浸润深度及分化程度与第12组淋巴结的转移有一定关系。     

甲胎蛋白阳性胃癌的生物学特性

目的探讨甲胎蛋白(AFP)阳性胃癌生物学特性和预后特点.方法将219例胃癌患者分成AFP阴性和阳性两组.比较两组肿瘤肉眼分类、大小、浸润深度、生长方式、肝脏和淋巴结转移程度、临床分期以及生存率.结果肝脏转移、多个淋巴结转移发生率及临床Ⅳ期胃癌比例,AFP阳性组均明显高于AFP阴性组(均P<0.01).AFP阳性组1、3、5年生存率为55.6%、11.1%、5.6%,明显低于AFP阴性组的88.7%、60.3%、50.2%(均P<0.01).结论AFP阳性胃癌是一种恶性程度高,易发生肝脏和淋巴结转移的预后不良的肿瘤.     

前哨淋巴结阳性乳腺癌患者腋窝非前哨淋巴结转移的危险因素分析

目的:分析前哨淋巴结(SLN)阳性乳腺癌患者腋窝非前哨淋巴节(NSLN)转移的危险因素。方法:收集2015年1月～2020年12月弋矶山医院收治的223例SLN阳性乳腺癌患者的临床病理资料，回顾性分析SLN阳性患者腋窝NSLN转移的危险因素。结果:本研究中223例SLN阳性的乳腺癌患者均进一步接受腋窝淋巴结清扫。SLN平均取出(4.1±3.1)枚，其中平均(1.7±1.2)枚阳性。其中89例患者的腋窝NSLN可见转移，转移率为39.91%。脉管浸润、神经浸润、腋窝淋巴结超声状态、肿瘤大小、SLN阳性数目与SLN阳性患者NSLN转移有关(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，脉管浸润、神经浸润、超声腋窝淋巴结可疑阳性、肿瘤>2 cm及SLN阳性个数(≥3枚)为SLN阳性患者NSLN转移的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:在SLN阳性的情况下，脉管浸润、神经浸润、超声腋窝淋巴结可疑阳性、肿瘤>2 cm及SLN阳性个数≥3枚的患者更容易出现腋窝NSLN转移。当患者出现以上危险因素时，患者更容易从腋窝淋巴结清扫中获益，建议进一步行腋窝淋巴结清扫。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.