来氟米特治疗难治性肾病综合征50例疗效分析

目的探讨来氟米特治疗难治性肾病综合征的疗效及安全性。方法回顾分析加用来氟米特治疗难治性原发性肾病综合征患者50例资料。结果治疗后24h尿蛋白定量显著减少（P〈0.05）,血清白蛋白显著升高（P〈0.05）;完全缓解19例（38％）,总有效率90％。结论来氟米特是治疗难治性原发性肾病综合征有效的免疫抑制剂,且副作用较小。     

来氟米特治疗过敏性紫癜肾炎的临床观察

目的 观察新型免疫抑制剂来氟米特治疗过敏性紫癜肾炎的疗效及安全性.方法 经过肾活检确诊为过敏性紫癜肾炎、达到肾病综合征程度的住院患者90例,随机分配来氟米特实验组、环磷酰胺对照组及单纯皮质醇激素对照组,每组均为30例患者,总共治疗时间6个月至1年,停药后随访2年.观察治疗前后尿红细胞计数、24 h尿蛋白定量、血常规、肝功能、肾功能、皮肤紫癜以及肾炎复发次数及药物不良反应,按照疗效评定标准对比分析来氟米特实验组与对照组的疗效及安全性.结果 三组患者治疗结束时尿蛋白定量与尿红细胞数均有明显减少(P＜0.01),来氟米特组尿蛋白与尿红细胞数又明显少于两对照组(P＜0.05),环磷酰胺对照组尿蛋白明显少于单纯皮质醇激素对照组(P＜0.05).随访期间来氟米特组复发率为6 7％,环磷酰胺对照组复发率为16.7％,单纯皮质醇激素对照组复发率为33.3％.来氟米特组明显低于环磷酰胺组(P＜0.01),环磷酰胺组又低于单纯皮质醇激素对照组(P＜0.01).结论 来氟米特联合皮质醇激素对过敏性紫癜肾炎的血尿和蛋白尿均有良好的疗效,并且复发率低,副作用少.     

来氟米特联合泼尼松用于狼疮性肾炎的疗效观察

目的评价来氟米特联合泼尼松治疗狼疮性肾炎的临床效果。方法将收治的38例狼疮性肾炎患者随机分为两组,观察组采用来氟米特联合泼尼松治疗,对照组采用环磷酰胺联合泼尼松治疗,疗程均为6个月,比较两组治疗前后临床效果以及24h尿蛋白定量、血肌酐、血白蛋白的变化。结果经治疗后,两组患者24h尿蛋白定量和SCr明显下降(P<0.05)、ALB明显上升(P<0.05);与对照组相比,观察组各个指标变化更为明显(P<0.05);观察组总有效率高于对照组,但差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论来氟米特联合泼尼松用于狼疮性肾炎疗效确切,值得临床推广应用。     

来氟米特治疗狼疮性肾炎疗效评价

目的探讨来氟米特（LF）治疗狼疮性肾炎的疗效和不良反应.方法选择11例系统性红斑狼疮并发狼疮性肾炎患者,用LF20mg/d口服,疗程为3个月,同时设对照组12例继续用环磷酰胺（CTX）治疗,比较1个月和3个月的疗效.结果治疗1个月时LF组所有临床观察指标即有明显改善（P＜0.05）,而CTX组改善不明显.3个月时LF组在提高血红蛋白、降低尿蛋白及尿红细胞数方面与CTK组比较有显著差异（P＜0.01）.治疗前后免疫指标的变化：LF组治疗后ANA、抗dsDNA抗体转阴及补体升高明显（P＜0.01）,与CTX组差异有显著性（P＜0.01～0.05）.毒副作用：LF组表现为-过性皮疹、轻度白细胞下降、脱发、瘙痒;无严重不良反应.结论LF治疗狼疮性肾炎安全有效且物美价廉.     

来氟米特联合小剂量激素治疗IgA肾病的疗效观察

目的应用来氟米特联合小剂量激素治疗IgA肾病患者观察其疗效。方法选取苏州市立医院2008年5月-2012年3月经肾活检确诊为原发性IgA肾病的42例患者,随机分为治疗组与对照组,两组患者在年龄、性别、病情严重性等方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗组予来氟米特联合小剂量激素(甲泼尼龙口服24 mg/d),对照组予常规激素治疗(甲泼尼龙起始口服32～40 mg/d);治疗前后复查血尿常规、血生化、24小时尿蛋白定量,并记录临床病情过程,对比效果。结果治疗组24小时尿蛋白量减少、血浆白蛋白上升优于对照组(P<0.05),治疗缓解率高于对照组。结论来氟米特组治疗IgA肾病疗效优于常规激素治疗。     

来氟米特联合激素治疗过敏性紫癜性肾炎的疗效观察

目的观察来氟米特联合激素治疗伴肾功能不全的紫癜性肾炎,探讨来氟米特的疗效及安全性。方法选择紫癜性肾炎伴肾功能不全的住院患者77例,随机分为两组,A组39例,B组38例。A组给予口服来氟米特0.8mg/(kg·d),5d后改为维持量20mg/d;B组采用环磷酰胺0.75g/m2静脉滴注,每月1次,总量达到6～8g;同时,两组均给予泼尼松1mg/kg,口服8周减量,疗程6个月。观察治疗后各组患者24h尿蛋白定量、尿红细胞计数、Ccr、BUN等指标变化及药物不良反应。结果用药3、6个月后,两组24h尿蛋白定量、尿红细胞计数以及血肌酐水平较治疗前均显著下降,血浆白蛋白水平显著升高(P<0.05)。3个月后,A、B两组间的24h尿蛋白定量、尿红细胞计数及血浆白蛋白水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组间的血肌酐水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。6个月后,A、B两组间的24h尿蛋白定量、尿红细胞计数、血浆白蛋白水平和血肌酐水平差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论来氟米特是治疗过敏性紫癜性肾炎的一种安全有效的药物,优于环磷酰胺,且能延缓肾功能衰竭。     

来氟米特联合激素治疗难治性肾病综合征疗效观察

目的观察来氟米特联合激素治疗难治性肾病综合征的临床疗效及安全性。方法将186例难治性肾病综合征患者分为观察组(90例)和对照组(96例),对照组患者给予环磷酰胺联合泼尼松治疗,观察组患者给予来氟米特联合泼尼松治疗,疗程均为48周。对比观察2组治疗前及治疗4、8、12、24、48周的疗效、血常规、肝肾功能、24 h尿蛋白定量及不良反应。结果治疗前2组患者24 h尿蛋白定量、血肌酐和血清白蛋白水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与治疗前比较,2组治疗后24 h尿蛋白定量和血肌酐逐渐下降(P<0.05),而血清白蛋白水平逐渐升高(P<0.05)。治疗第8、12、24、48周,观察组患者24 h尿蛋白定量和血肌酐水平低于对照组(P<0.05),而血清白蛋白水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),不良反应发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论来氟米特联合激素治疗难治性肾病综合征疗效满意,且不良反应少。     

来氟米特治疗难治性轻微病变肾病综合征临床观察

目的 探讨来氟米特治疗难治性轻微病变肾病综合征的疗效和安全性.方法 42例难治性轻微病变肾病综合征患者分为观察组和对照组,每组21例.观察组采用来氟米特联合激素,对照组采用环磷酰胺冲击联合激素.观察2组治疗前后生化指标变化、临床疗效和复发率.结果 2组治疗后24 h尿蛋白、血清白蛋白和血胆固醇均有明显改善(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);观察组各生化指标优于对照组(P＜0.05);总有效率(90.5%)高于对照组(71.4%),复发率(0)低于对照组(26.7%),但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);不良反应(14.3%)明显少于对照组(52.4%)(P＜0.05).结论 来氟米特治疗难治性轻微病变肾病综合征疗效显著,复发率低,不良反应少,值得临床推广应用.     

来氟米特联合激素治疗难治性肾病综合征临床观察

目的观察来氟米特联合糖皮质激素治疗难治性肾病综合征的疗效及安全性。方法选择门诊或住院治疗的难治性原发性肾病综合征患者21例，在常规激素治疗无效、依赖或复发基础上加用来氟米特，服药前及服药后第4、8、12周后测定血常规、尿常规、血清白蛋白、肝肾功能及24h尿蛋白定量等指标。结果患者服用来氟米特后尿蛋白定量减少，血清白蛋白上升，来氟米特平均显效时间为用药后第4用。结论来氟米特联合糖皮质激素能有效治疗难治性肾病综合征。     

来氟米特治疗轻中型狼疮性肾炎疗效分析

目的分析来氟米特对轻中型狼疮性肾炎的治疗效果。方法 33例5≤狼疮基本活动指数(SLEDAI)≤14、0.5 g≤24 h尿蛋白定量<2.0 g的狼疮性肾炎患者,随机分为对照组16例和观察组17例,分别单用糖皮质激素及联合应用来氟米特治疗6个月,观察其疗效及治疗前后SLEDAI、24 h尿蛋白定量、抗ds-DNA抗体滴度及补体C3变化。结果观察组总有效率为88.24%,对照组总有效率为68.75%,但组间疗效比较差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗6个月后,对照组和观察组的SLEDAI评分均较治疗前明显降低,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05),而24 h尿蛋白定量、抗ds-DNA滴度、补体C3虽较治疗前有一定改善,但差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组与对照组的各项指标治疗后差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论来氟米特联合糖皮质激素用于轻中型狼疮性肾炎的缓解治疗有一定的疗效。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.