Training in children

Early participation of children in elite sports and significant achievements at younger ages have brought about the need for longer training years and intensive training programmes for child athletes. However, the response of children to training loads presents some differences from those of adults owing to characteristics associated with growth and development. Considering the influences of growth and development and in consistent with diverse stages of child growth, the course of training is divided into several stages including participation, general involvement, special preparation, and elite performance, each of which is characterized by distinct responses depending on functional and biological features. This article reviews particular aspects of child training in relation to growth, endurance, sexual development and maturation, and psychosocial development.     

Training surgeon scientists

Beginning in 1995, College research resources were orientated towards the support and training of surgeon scientists. A questionnaire was sent to recipients of College awards in order to gauge a measure of outcome of this policy. Although it is early days, a significantly high number of awardees have either completed or are completing research degrees. There has been a successful allocation of National Health and Medical Research Council funding to the College surgeon scientists and a large number are already in academic positions. A significant number of publications have resulted from the College-funded research. At this early stage, the programme for creating surgeon scientists appears to be on track.     

Speed-Specific lsokinetic Training

The authors studied the effects of high speed (240 degrees /sec) and low speed (60 degrees /sec) isokinetic exercise. Twenty-four subjects were randomly selected into one high speed and one low speed treatment group; treatments consisted of one set of 15 repetitions, 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Pre- and post-testing with a Cybex II isokinetic dynamometer was performed to determine if significant strength gains were elicited at 30, 60, 180, 240, or 300 degrees /sec. Both low and high speed groups produced significant strength gains (0.0 1 significance level) at their treatment speed and at one testing speed higher. However, this study indicates that the range of this carry over is not sufficient enough to replace speed-specific training. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1984;6(3):181-183.     

消化内镜专业护士进修培训方法探讨

目的探讨消化内镜专业护士进修培训的方法。方法对76名进修护士采用集中办培训班形式,理论授课和操作实践相结合,操作时采用“讲-看-教-做-验收”5个步骤的方法。结果理论考核成绩优32名(42.1%),良44名(57.9%);操作考核成绩优45名(59.2%),良30名(39.5%),差1名(1.3%)。结论集中培训的教学方法符合消化内镜专业护士操作性强、专业技术要求高的特点。     

消化内镜专业护士进修培训方法探讨

目的探讨消化内镜专业护士进修培训的方法。方法对76名进修护士采用集中办培训班形式．理论授课和操作实践相结合,操作时采用“讲—看—教—做—验收”5个步骤的方法。结果理论考核成绩优32名（12．1％）．良11名（57．9％）：操作考核成绩优。15名（59．2％）．良30名（39．5%）．差1名（1．3％）。结论集中培训的教学方法符合消化内镜专业护士操作性强、专业枝术要求高的特点。