窒息新生儿血清胃泌素与胃酸分泌的动态观察

为探讨不同程度窒息对新生儿胃酸分泌及胃泌素水平的影响,对25例轻度窒息新生儿、20例重度窒息的新生儿于出生后1、3、7天检测血清胃泌素和胃液基础酸排量(BAO).结果显示重度窒息组第1、3天的血清胃泌素水平明显低于轻度窒息组,而第1天胃液基础酸排量则高于轻度窒息组.结论重度窒息新生儿血清胃泌素水平较轻度窒息新生儿明显降低,而胃液基础酸排量增高,这可能是导致新生儿喂养不耐受、易致消化道出血的原因.     

新生儿窒息对血清胃泌素水平的影响

本文采用放射免疫法测定31例新生儿窒息患儿血清胃泌素水平。并与30例健康足月儿比较，结果示新生儿窒息患儿血清胃泌素均值（218.63±24.70μg／L）明显高于对照组（107．33±7．2μg／L）。有显著性差异（P＜0．01）。新生儿窒息血清胃泌素升高可能与交感神经兴奋，胃扩张及肾脏清除率降低有关。     

正常足月新生儿1周内血清胃泌素测定

用放射免疫方法检测了出生第１天、第３天、第５天、第７天共８７例正常足月新生儿空腹血清胃泌素．结果；平均值为１０３．１６±３６．９３ｎｇ／Ｌ，第３天胃泌素值最低为９０．６７±２８．３２ｎｇ／Ｌ，后随日龄增加胃泌素值逐渐升高，第７天达最高值为１２９．９２±４３．６０ｎｇ／Ｌ．血清胃泌素值与性别及出生体重无关．本结果提供了正常新生儿胃泌素值，为与患病新生儿的胃泌素值作对照提供了依据．     

新生儿窒息对血生化的影响

新生儿窒息对血生化的影响卫生部北京医院（１００７０３）万理，宁桦，李贞爱本文对轻、重度窒息后６～２４小时的血生化改变进行了对比性观察，结果如下。资料和方法一、一般资料１．来源及标准所有病例均来自１９９２年５月～１９９３年１月我院出生的窒息患儿，由两名...     

新生儿窒息血中胃泌素水平改变及其临床意义的探讨

目的：探讨新生儿窒息血中胃泌素水平的改变及其临床意义。方法：对36例窒息足月新生儿血中胃泌素浓度进行了放免测试,并与38例正常足月新生儿相比较,同时探讨了与其它临床因素间的关系。结果：窒息足月新生儿血清胃泌素浓度(115±5) ng/L明显低于正常足月新生儿对照组(t=2.854,P<0.01),窒息后患儿开奶前胃泌素浓度与1分钟Apgar评分、采血时日龄(h)、第7日龄时进奶量(ml/日)因素影响呈正相关(r=0.82)。结论：窒息新生儿血清胃泌素浓度明显低于正常;1分钟Apgar评分对窒息后新生儿生后胃泌素水平影响最大且呈正相关;胃泌素对新生儿消化道成熟起促进作用。     

健康与窒息新生儿血清钠变化的观察

目的观察健康与窒息新生儿血清钠（Na^＋）的变化。方法以正常新生儿（37例）为对照组，窒息新生儿（98例）根据病情分为轻度窒息组（59例）和重度窒息组（39例），测定血清Na^＋。结果窒息组血清N^＋明显低于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论窒息新生儿的血清Na^＋含量显著改变，通过对Na^＋的检测，能够对窒息新生儿做出早期治疗；能为临床综合诊疗及预后提供实验依据。     

上海地区儿童血清胃泌素水平流行病学调查

为了解儿童血清胃泌素 (GS)水平及有关影响因素 ,用放射免疫分析法测定296名6～12岁学生血清GS ,按血清GS测定值分为A、B、C3组 ,A组GS>90pg/ml,B组60～90pg/ml,C组<60pg/ml,同时由学生家长填写问卷调查表。结果 :296名学生空腹血清GS均值为 (70.95±18.62)pg/ml,男 (68.12±20.81)pg/ml,女(72.35±19.24)pg/ml,男女间差异无显著性。三组儿童的个人饮食习惯、家庭进食方法、胃病家庭史和家庭规模等差异均无显著性。血清GS水平与儿童是否服用过抗生素、父(或母 )文化程度以及儿童是否存在消化道症状等也无显著相关性。提示儿童血清GS水平是综合因素影响的结果     

16例窒息新生儿血脂肪酸观察

围产期窒息缺氧可引起新生儿出生时血糖的改变,产生高血糖或低血糖,有关文献报道较多,但窒息缺氧对新生儿血脂代谢的影响,文献报道尚不多,为了观察窒息对新生儿血脂的影响,本文测定了一些新生儿在窒息时及窒息恢复后血脂肪酸的情况,现报告如下。     

新生儿胃肌电变化的研究

目的 观察新生儿胃肌电发育过程，并初步探讨其变化规律。方法 对23例健康新生儿生后1周、2周及1月进行胃肌电描记。采用皮肤表面电极，从腹壁体表用PCPOLYGRAP-HR多功能胃肠检测仪记录胃电，观察主频率(DF)、主频率不稳定系数(DFIC)、正常胃慢波百分比(PNSW)。结果 餐前、餐后正常呈随周龄增大而增加的趋势，餐后PNSW明显高于餐前。DF和DFIC各阶段无明显差异，但自身比较，餐后DF高于餐前，餐后DFIC低于餐前。结论 研究显示出新生儿胃电肌运动的发育过程。     

BLOOD FLOW AND VENOUS DISTENSIBILITY IN THE UPPER AND LOWER EXTREMITIES OF NEWBORN INFANTS

Abstract. The electrocapacitance plethysmograph was utilized to measure peripheral blood flow and venous distensibility in 17 newborn infants and 20 adults. Measurements were made in the upper and lower extremities in each subject under identical environmental conditions. Blood flow in the forearm and calf were found to be significantly higher in infants than adults. In infants there were no significant differences in the blood flow between the upper and lower extremities. In contrast, in the adults, the blood flow was significantly higher in the upper than in the lower extremities. Similarly, venous distensibility was observed to be higher in infants than in adults. While no significant differences were observed in the venous distensibility between the upper and lower extremities in infants, the venous distensibility was found to be higher in the forearm than in the leg in adults.     

SUBMAXIMAL BLOOD FLOW AND BLOOD VISCOSITY IN NEWBORN INFANTS

ABSTRACT: Bergqvist, G. and Zetterström, R. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska lnstitutet, St Göran's Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Submaximal blood flow and blood viscosity in newborn infants. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63:253, 1974.–In newborn infants with varying hematocrit values the submaximal blood flow has been studied by the use of strain gauge plethysmography under standardized conditions. Submaximal flow was defined as the flow obtained after 4 minutes of suprasystolic occlusion. With increasing hematocrit there was a decreasing maximal flow. Capillary filtration coefficient seemed to decrease with increasing hematocrit. The relation between circulatory failure in newborns due to abnormally high hematocrit and low capacity to increase blood flow upon demand has been discussed.     

THE TRANSCAPILLARY ESCAPE RATE OF T-1824 IN NEWBORN INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS AND NEWBORN INFANTS WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS OR BIRTH ASPHYXIA

ABSTRACT. Ingomar, C. Joh. and Klebe, J. G. (Diabetes Center of the Royal Maternity Hospital and the University Department for Newborn Infants, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark). The transcapillary escape rate of T-1824 in newborn infants of diabetic mothers and newborn infants with respiratory distress or birth asphyxia. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63: 565, 1974.—The influence of certain clinical conditions (idiopathic respiratory distress, birth asphyxia and diabetic embryopathy) on the transcapillary escape rate of human albumin, was investigated in 52 newborn infants. The dyestuff T-1824 (Evan's blue) was used for the labelling of plasma albumin in vivo, and its plasma concentration was determined spectrophotometrically using a micro-method. From serial measurements carried out during the first hour following the injection of T-1824, the escape rate (%/hour) was calculated. Among healthy newborn infants the escape rate was found to increase proportional to the magnitude of the placental transfusion. The same applied to infants with respiratory distress and infants of diabetic mothers, the escape rate of whom did not differ from that of healthy infants. By contrast, the escape rate of albumin was, among some cases of birth asphyxia, found to be increased out of proportion to the placental transfusion, which the infants had received. It is discussed whether the increased escape rate found in these cases is caused by an increased capillary permeability or an increased capillary surface area.     

早期新生儿乳糖吸收不良与乳糖不耐受筛查及影响因素探讨

为了解乳糖吸收不良在新生儿早期的分布状况，本文采用醋酸铅半定量法测定了86例早期新生儿(足月儿74例、早产儿12例)的粪便乳糖及粪便pH值，结果提示：LM(乳糖吸收不良)在早期新生儿中发生率较高，达39．5％，而LI(乳糖不耐受)发生率为5．8％，说明大部分乳糖吸收不良的新生儿不伴有消化道症状。进一步分析，LM/LI的发生与分娩方式、围产期缺氧史、孕周、喂养史及性别均无关。本文随访了全部5例LI患儿，虽未经治疗，腹泻、腹胀症状多在2—3周内消失，最长1例症状持续至6周，生后3-4个月时复查粪便乳糖均转阴，同时生长发育良好。故新生儿早期的LM/LI系一个暂时性的缺乏，发育性的过程，考虑与肠粘膜发育不够成熟有关。     

重度窒息新生儿血糖监测及其影响因素分析

目的研究重度窒息新生儿出生早期血糖的影响因素以及病程中血糖变化,为治疗及监护提供依据。方法测定71例出生24小时以内、未开奶、胎龄37．69±3．40周、体重2788±776g、重度窒息新生儿的血糖,其中静脉输糖32例,复苏用药22例,并于生后106±88小时内进行微量血糖监测,结果采用多元回归分析和卡方检验。结果新生儿入院年龄3．6±4．42小时(中位数2小时),入院血糖6．59±6．43mmol／L,高血糖25例,低血糖24例,合并缺氧缺血性脑病轻、中、重度各13、21及13例。入院血糖与年龄负相关,t＝3．397,P＝0．001;与静脉输糖正相关,t＝6．230,P<0．0001;与复苏使用肾上腺素和／或地塞米松正相关,t＝2．066,P＝0．042。血糖监测结果表明,随着日龄增加,血糖异常(高血糖或低血糖)发生率无明显改变,未发现入院血糖与缺氧缺血性脑病分度的关系。结论窒息复苏过程中输糖或用药,会对机体糖代谢产生影响,应慎重应用,复苏后继续治疗中仍应重视血糖监测及调整。     

PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE CONCENTRATION IN BLOOD IN NEWBORN INFANTS AND THEIR MOTHERS COMPARED WITH THE AMOUNT OF EXTRA PYRIDOXOL TAKEN DURING PREGNANCY AND BREAST FEEDING

Abstract. Ejderhamn, J. and Hamfelt, A. (Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical Chemistry, Sundsvalls Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden.) Pyridoxal phosphate concentration in blood in newborn infants and their mothers compared with the amount of extra pyridoxol taken during pregnancy and breast feeding, Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:327, 1980.—The concentrations of pyridoxal phosphate have been estimated in cord blood and capillary blood samples taken at 3 hours, 2 days, 4 days, 7 days and 6 weeks of age, from eleven fullterm infants. Pyridoxal phosphate concentrations were also determined in venous blood samples taken from the mothers at delivery. A highly significant correlation between pyridoxal phosphate in cord whole blood and venous whole blood taken from the mothers at delivery was found. Infants whose mothers had taken extra pyridoxol during pregnancy had a higher concentration of pyridoxal phosphate at 3 hours of age compared with infants whose mothers had not taken extra pyridoxol. During the first week of life the concentration of pyridoxal phosphate in capillary blood decreases strikingly. At 6 weeks of age the concentration of pyridoxal phosphate is in the same range as that of normal adults. Findings are also discussed which indicates that: 1) Vitamin B₆ is transported in breast milk; 2) The giving of supplemental pyridoxol during pregnancy in ordinary doses (2–6 mg/day) does not have an antilactogenic effect. No correlation between the erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase activation with pyridoxal phosphate in vitro and pyridoxal phosphate concentration in plasma was found during the first 6 weeks of life.     

LIPIDS IN CORD SERUM AND FREE FATTY ACIDS IN PLASMA IN HEALTHY NEWBORN TERM INFANTS

ABSTRACT. Christensen, N. Chr. (Department of Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark). Lipids in cord serum and free fatty acids in plasma in healthy newborn term infants. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63: 711, 1974.—Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and glycerol in cord serum and plasma FFA in cord blood and at 1 1/2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after birth were determined in 18 healthy term infants. Concentrations of lipids in cord blood were low; and there were no correlation between cord lipids and subsequent FFA values. A rapid increase in FFA level, with peak values at 12 hours, was seen. Significant, negative correlations were found between FFA concentration and rectal temperature at 1 1/2 hour and between total caloric intake and FFA concentration at 48 hours.