Bilateral split latissimus dorsi V-Y flaps for closure of large thoracolumbar meningomyelocele defects.

Closure of large meningomyelocele wounds and defects always requires durable and safe coverage of the dural repair. A new technical method for the reconstruction of large thoracolumbar meningomyelocele defects is described in which bilateral musculocutaneous flaps are advanced and transposed medially in a V-Y sliding manner, based on the thoracolumbar perforatiors of the latissimus dorsi. This procedure provides a reliable, well-vascularized soft tissue coverage over the neural repair with minimum donor-site morbidity. Additionally, this method is particularly appropriate to the thoracolumbar area, as it preserves the lateral adjacent regions of the defect, for later alternative and/or reconstructive options.     

Tension free closure of large meningomyelocele defects.

A technique for closing large meningomyelocele defects without tension has recently been developed by the authors. The technique utilizes bilateral bipedicle flaps developed from verticle flank incisions. The bipedicle flaps are advanced medially and approximated in the midline. The lateral defects created by this maneuver are closed transversely. The outer margins of the bipedicle flaps are left free until the flaps become adherent to the underlying tissue. This technique has been used in the repair of 12 large meningomyeloceles. The width of the average lesion was 6-7 centimeters, the largest lesion was 11 centimeters. In each case the width of the lesion exceeded one-half the width of the back. In all cases a tension free closure was achieved. There were no significant wound complications. The use of this technique has greatly facilitated the treatment of children with large meningomyelocele defects.     

Reconstruction of large meningomyelocele defects with rotation-transposition fasciocutaneous flaps

Meningomyelocele is one of the most common congenital defects of the central nervous system. Reconstruction of these defects must be performed immediately after delivery to prevent complications such as primary meningitis and to protect the neural tissues. The most important factors in the surgical treatment of meningomyelocele defects are the size of the defect, its location, the presence of kyphosis, and the quality of the surrounding tissue. The chosen method must be a simple one that causes minimal blood loss, requires a short duration of surgery, and covers the surface of the neural defect with a soft-tissue mass enabling closure without tension. In our study, satisfactory results have been obtained using 1 or 2 fasciocutaneous flaps based on the midline in 20 patients with large meningomyelocele defects where primary closure was not possible. A single flap based superiorly on the midline was sufficient to close the defects in patients without kyphosis. In patients with concurrent kyphosis, a second flap based inferiorly on the midline has been used. All flaps survived, except for a distal partial necrosis observed in 1 patient. In the method we used, we adopted a defect reconstruction that is similar to the normal anatomic structures and resistant to trauma and infections, and does not sacrifice any muscle tissue. According to our clinical experiences, this method is useful for large meningomyelocele defects that are unsuitable for primary closure.     

Bilateral modified V-Y advancement flaps for closing meningomyelocele defects

Various reports describe surgical techniques for closing a meningomyelocele defect. We have used a combination flap consisting of a vertical bipedicled flap and V-Y advancement flap and used this technique in the successful repair of 11 meningomyelocele defects. The vertical bipedicled flap enhances the blood supply to the V-Y advancement flap with no sacrifice of muscle tissue. This flap can easily be moved to the midline, and the donor area can be primarily sutured with no complications. Our method has several advantages compared with previously reported methods: 1) no skin grafts are needed; 2) no muscle tissue is killed; 3) it is simple and easy, leading to less blood loss and minimal operative time; and 4) it is safe and produces reliable results while eliminating wound dehiscence and skin necrosis.     

Closure of meningomyelocele defects with bilateral modified V-Y advancement flaps

BACKGROUND: Although several different methods were described in the literature, closure of large meningomyelocele defects presents a challenging problem. Wound dehiscence may lead to devastating complications. In this paper, the efficacy of the bilateral modified V-Y advancement flap procedure was investigated in terms of simplicity, donor-site morbidity, and reliability. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors presented 10 neonates treated with a modified subcutaneous advancement procedure. Unlike the typical V-Y advancement techniques, the apical extensions of the "V" flaps were elevated based on the paraspinous perforators. A standard closure algorithm was not followed, as the well-vascularized apical extensions facilitated intraoperative decision making for the most appropriate adaptation pattern, depending on the size, shape, and localization of the defect. As well as that, transposition of these apical flaps to the defect site was further supported by the advancement of the V-Y flaps to decrease the tension along the closure. RESULTS: Mean follow-up period was 13.6 months (range 3-37 months), and no complications that might be attributable to the operative procedure were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Utilization of bilateral modified V-Y flaps for the closure of large meningomyelocele defects is a simple and effective procedure. Main advantages of the method described in this paper may be listed as follows: simplicity, reliability due to coverage of the defect with well-vascularized flaps, minimal bleeding, decreased operative time, and no donor-site morbidity.     

易位扩张皮瓣在面颊部皮肤缺损修复中的设计与应用

目的 总结易位扩张皮瓣在修复面颊部皮肤缺损中的设计方法及应用.方法 将扩张的易位皮瓣分为单纯易位扩张皮瓣、易位-推进-易位扩张皮瓣和旋转-推进-易位扩张皮瓣3种.对135例面颊部血管瘤、瘢痕、色素痣患者,根据其皮肤缺损的形态、位置,应用此3种易位扩张皮瓣修复.单纯易位扩张皮瓣若长宽比例大于2:1,则需行延迟术.结果 本组共形成139个易位扩张皮瓣,其中单纯易位扩张皮瓣17个(皮瓣延迟15例).易位-推进-易位扩张皮瓣69个,旋转-推进-易位扩张皮瓣53个.有6个易位扩张皮瓣出现远端血运障碍(0.5～2 cm),其中单纯易位扩张皮瓣2个,其他类型易位扩张皮瓣4个.其余皮瓣良好,修复效果满意.结论 对于颊部皮肤缺损的修复,根据缺损的形态和位置恰当地设计应用各种易位扩张皮瓣修复.可获得良好的效果.     

A new technique for closure of large meningomyelocele defects

BACKGROUND: Although small meningomyeloceles may be amenable to direct closure by undermining of the surrounding skin, the closure of large meningomyelocele defects is a challenging reconstructive problem. PURPOSE: Here, we present a new surgical procedure for the closure of large meningomyelocele defects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this procedure, after neurosurgical repair and closure of the placode, the defect is surgically converted to a triangle in shape. Then, the triangular defect is closed by transposition of 2 skin flaps designed in an unequal z-plasty manner. Over 3 years, this new technique, namely Mutaf triangular closure procedure, was used for the closure of large meningomyelocele defects in 5 patients, aged between 2 days to 6 weeks. The defect size was 10.4 x 7.5 cm on average. RESULTS: In all patients, a tension-free 1-stage closure was obtained. Except one with a minimal hematoma, all patients healed with no complication. There was no patient with late breakdown of the wound during 2 years of mean follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Besides the 2 major advantages of short operative time and minimal blood loss, our technique provides a well-vascularized soft tissue padding over the neural tissues, and no suture line overlies the cord closure. With these advantages, this new technique seems to be a useful and safe solution for closure of large meningomyelocele defects.     

Reconstruction of defects of the dorsum of the nose with bilateral transposition flaps. Case report.

Transposition flaps are old but are the method of choice in reconstruction of defects of the dorsum of the nose. Eleven consecutive patients with such defects were treated with 22 transposition flaps. The nasal defects resulted from tumour (n = 9), trauma (n = 1), and keratoacanthoma (n = 1). The dissection is rapid, easy and the complication rate is low.     

Pectoralis major muscle flaps for closure of sternal defects

Summary A reliable and simple technique involving the use of pectoralis major muscle flaps is described for the closure of sternal and costal cartilage defects caused by debridement for chronic osteomyelitis following median sternotomy. No bone grafts, omentum flaps or skin grafts have been needed in more than 20 patients.     

局部皮瓣在修复面部皮肤缺损中的应用

目的:探讨局部皮瓣在修复面部皮肤缺损中的应用效果。方法:根据面部皮肤软组织缺损创面的大小、形状、面积及周围皮肤情况,设计合适的皮瓣进行创面修复,修复最大面积为3.0cm×5.0cm。结果:术后皮瓣全部成活,所有患者随访1～12个月,局部修复皮瓣与周围皮肤组织匹配,视觉效果好,切口瘢痕不明显。结论:应用合适的局部皮瓣修复面部皮肤缺损,方法简单易行,效果肯定。     

Paired horizontal advancement flaps for the closure of lower eyelid defects

We report a simple technique for the reconstruction of lower eyelid using paired horizontal advancement flaps. It is suitable for defects upto 2 cm squared and not involving the eyelid margin. The technique has been performed on 21 patients over four years with excellent cosmetic results. The methods and results are described.     

眶周皮肤软组织缺损的扩张皮瓣治疗

目的 探讨利用扩张皮瓣修复眶周皮肤软组织缺损的方法及效果.方法 将眶周分为5个区域:Ⅰ区,上睑;Ⅱ区,下睑;Ⅲ区,内眦部;Ⅳ区,外眦部;Ⅴ区,周围区域,包括鼻、眉间、眉、额部、颧部和鼻颊交界区.对19例眶周血管瘤、植皮瘢痕、外伤性瘢痕和色素痣患者进行分类,根据不同的皮肤软组织缺损位置,在邻近部位放置大小适合的扩张器1、2个(30～100 ml),扩张充分后,采用推进皮瓣、旋转皮瓣和易位皮瓣法治疗.结果 19例患者中,共形成扩张皮瓣33个,其中推进皮瓣18个,易位皮瓣11个,旋转皮瓣4个;扩张皮瓣全部成活,但出现睑裂闭合不全2例,眉移位1例,下睑外翻1例,其余效果良好.结论 对于眶周皮肤软组织缺损,利用邻近组织扩张皮瓣进行治疗,是较好的选择,但详细的术前设计和掌握眶周复杂的解剖结构是取得良好效果的前提.     

Digital artery flaps for closure of soft tissue defects of the forefoot

Reconstruction of recalcitrant soft tissue defects in the weightbearing surface of the forefoot can be achieved by using a neurovascular island flap. Island flaps, based on a pedicle from either the proper digital artery or the common digital artery, were used to provide supple and durable coverage. A retrospective analysis was performed on 12 patients who underwent a total of 15 digital artery flaps. There were 7 patients with neuropathic ulcers, 7 with a dysfunctional scar, and 1 with an ischemic ulcer after lower-extremity bypass. There was a failure rate of 13%; 2 flaps fully necrosed, necessitating a revisional digital artery flap. Minor complications were reported in 73% of cases; average time to complete healing was 71 days. All healed flaps have remained viable and durable at an average follow-up of 22.5 months from the date of surgery (range, 3 to 61 months).