Ringverengung von 1,5,2-Dioxazinan-3,6-dionen und 1,3,2,4-Dioxathiazinan-5-on-2-oxiden zu 1,2-Oxazetidin-3-onen

Ring Contraction of 1,5,2-Dioxazinane-3,6-diones and 1,3,2,4-Dioxathiazinan-5-on-2-oxides to 1,2-Oxazetidin-3-ones N-substituted glycolohydroxamic acids 1a–e bearing 4-methoxyphenyl or cyclopropyl groups at C-2 are reacted with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole to give 1,2-oxazetidin-3-ones 3a–e via the cyclic carbonates 2a–e . In a similar elimination process the unstable 1,3,2,4-dioxathiazinan-5-on-2-oxides 4 undergo ring contraction to the corresponding oxa-β-lactams 3 with the exception of 4u which was found to resist extrusion of sulfur dioxide.     

Studies on anticoccidial agents. 10. Synthesis and anticoccidial activity of 5-nitronicotinamide and its analogues.

5-Nitronicotinamide (1) was prepared from 5-bromonicotinoyl chloride by treatment with ammonia and then oxidation with fuming H2SO4 and 30% H202. 2-Cholor-, 2-alkoxy-2-benzyloxy,2-phenoxy-,2-alkylamino-, and 2-benzylamino-5-nitronicatinamides were also prepared via 2-chloro-3-cyano-5-nitropyridine. 2-Methyl-5-nitronicotinamide (2) was obtained from ethyl 2-methyl-5-nitronicotinate by treatment with ammonia; the 4-methyl analogue 3 was from 3-cyano-2,6-dihydroxy-4 methylpyridine by nitration, chlorination, and dechlorination, and the 6-methyl analogue 4 was prepared by transforming 2-chloro-3-cyano-6-methyl-5-nitropyridine to the corresponding amide, followed by dechlorination. Of these compounds, the 5-nitronicotinamide, the 2-methyl and 4-methyl but not the 6-methyl, analogue showed significant anticoccidial activity against eimeria tenella. N-Substituted analogues of 5-nitronicotinamide and 2-methyl-5-nitronicotinamide were prepared in a conventional manner and optimal anticoccidial activity was attained with their lower N-alkyl analogues, N-alkanoyl and -alkenoyl analogues, and N-aromatic acyl analogues together with these parent compounds.     

Improved synthesis and in vitro antiviral activities of 5-cyanouridine and 5-cyano-2'-deoxyuridine.

In order to evaluate the influence of the cyano group on the antiviral activity of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides, a moderate yield, unified approach to the synthesis of both 5-cyanouridine and 5-cyano-2'-deoxyuridine was developed. Thus, treatment of the appropriate acetylated 5-bromouracil nucleoside with NaCN or KCN in Me2SO at 90-110 degrees C gave, after deblocking, 35-45% yields of the corresponding 5-cyanouracil nucleosides. 5-Cyanouridine was devoid of significant activity against vaccinia virus, herpes simplex-1, and vesicular stomatitis virus, but 5-cyano-2'-deoxyuridine, while lacking activity against herpes simplex, showed significant inhibition of vaccina virus; for instance, 5-cyano-2'-deoxyuridine inhibited vaccinia virus replication at concentrations 10-20 times that required for inhibition by the known antivirals, 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine and 1-(beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine. Replacement of the 5-halogeno substituents of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides thus decreases, but does not abolish, antiviral activity.     

Synthesis and procoagulatory activity of n-(6-methyl-3-cyano-5-ethoxycarbonyl-2-pyridyl) aminoalkanecarboxylic acids

Interaction of 6-methyl-2-chloro-3-cyano-5-ethoxycarbonylpyridine with potassium salts of amino acids was shown to form N-(6-methyl-3-cyano-5-ethoxycarbonyl-2-pyridyl)aminoalkanecarboxylic acids. Most of the resulting substances had procoagulatory activity.     

Potential cardiotonic agents. 8. 2-acyloxyalkylamino-, 2-acyloxyalkoxy-, and 2-acylaminoalkylamino-3-cyan-5-(pyrid-4-yl) pyridine

By acylation of our previously described cardiotonic active 2-hydroxyalkylamino, 2-hydroxyalkoxy, 2-aminoalkyl-amino and 2-piperazino substituted 3-cyano-5-(4-pyridinyl) pyridines with acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride or aroyl and heteroaroyl chlorides, respectively, the corresponding in position 2 O- or N-acylated 3-cyano-5-(4-pyridinyl)pyridines were prepared. Cardiovascular activity of the obtained derivatives is discussed in comparison with that of the parent compounds.     

Chemical synthesis and biological activities of 5-deazaaminopterin analogues bearing substituent(s) at the 5- and/or 7-position(s)

Condensation of cyanothioacetamide (4) with ethyl alpha-(ethoxymethylene)acetoacetate (5b), ethyl 4-ethoxy-2-(ethoxymethylene)-3-oxobutanoate (5c), ethyl 2-(ethoxymethylene)-3-oxo-4-phenylpropanoate (5d) afforded exclusively the corresponding 6-substituted pyridines (6b-d). Cyclization of 4 with 3-carbethoxybutane-2,4-dione (5e) gave 3-cyano-5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-4,6-dimethylpyridine-2(1H)-thione (6e), whereas reaction of 4 with 3-carbethoxy-1-phenylpropane-1,3-dione (5f) yielded two products, 3-cyano-5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-4-methyl-6-phenylpyridine-2(1H)-thione (6f) and the 6-methyl-4-phenyl isomer 6g. The structural assignments for 6f and 6g are made on the basis of 1H and 13C NMR spectral analyses of the 2-(methylthio)nicotinates (7f,g) prepared from 6f and 6g by treatment with MeI/K2CO3. Nicotinates 7b,d-g were converted into their corresponding 2,4-diaminopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines 12b,d-g in five steps, via reduction, protection, oxidation, condensation with guanidine, and deprotection. The 7-mono- and 5,7-disubstituted-5-deazaaminopterins (1b,d-g) were prepared from the respective pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines 12b,d-g. Preliminary biological studies showed that 7-methyl and 5,7-dimethyl analogues (1b and 1e) were less active than methotrexate against human leukemic HL-60 and murine L-1210 cells in tissue culture. Compound 1e produced an ILS of 71% at 100 mg/kg per day X 5 (ip) in BDF mice inoculated ip with 10(6) L-1210 cells.     

Potential cardiotonic agents. 10. Synthesis and positive inotropic action of 5-(4-pyridinyl)- and 5-phenyl-substituted 2-alkylthio-3-cyan-pyridines and their S-oxidation products

The alkylation of the 5-(4-pyridinyl)- and 5-phenyl-substituted 3-cyan-2(1H)-pyridinethiones 1 with alkyl iodides and halomethylcarbonyl compounds led to the 2-alkylthio-pyridines 3a-c, 3e, 3f and the thieno[2,3-b]pyridines 4, respectively. In an other way the 2-ethylthio-5-(4-pyridinyl)pyridines 3b and 3d were formed from the corresponding 2-chloroderivatives and ethylmercaptan. By means of oxidation of the 2-alkylthio-pyridines 3 with 3-chloroperbenzoic acid and potassium permanganate, respectively, the 2-sulfinyl- and 2-sulfonyl-pyridines 5 and 6 were obtained. The 3-cyano-5-(4-pyridinyl)pyridine-2-sulfonic acid 7 was prepared by oxidation of the 2(1H)-pyridinethione 1a with potassium permanganate. Some derivatives possess positive inotropic properties.     

Potential cardiotonic agents. 6. Synthesis and cardiovascular properties of 5-(4-pyridinyl)-, 6-methyl-5-(4-pyridinyl)- and 6-methyl-5-phenyl-substituted 3-cyano-2-oxaalkyoxy-pyridines

The headline compounds were prepared by the reaction of 2-chloropyridines 1-3 with the appropriate alcohols in presence of potassium hydroxide and the sodium alkoxides, respectively. Especially some of the 3-cyano-2-hydroxyalkoxy-5-(4-pyridinyl)pyridines showed remarkable positive inotropic potency and, additionally, a vasodilator activity. In spontaneously beating isolated guinea pig atria they had a greater activity than amrinone.     

Lactams X. Synthesis of derivatives of 9H-pyrimido [4, 5-b] azepine from caprolactam

By ethylation of 3-cyano- and 3-carboethoxycaprolactams with triethyloxonium fluoborate 3-cyano- and 3-carboethoxy-2-ethoxy-9H-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroazepines were obtained; by condensation with compounds of the general formula R-C(=NH)NH₂ representatives of a new heterocyclic system, 2-substituted 4-amino- and 4-hydroxy-9H-pyrimido [4, 5-b], 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroazepines, were synthesized.Translated from Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, No. 5, pp. 21–26, May, 1967.     

Synthese und Eigenschaften des 3-Hydroxy-1,10-dioxo-5,10-dihydro-1H-pyrido[2,1-b]chinazolin-2-carbonitrils

Synthesis and Properties of 3-Hydroxy-1,10-dioxo-5,10-dihydro-1H-pyrido[2,1-b]quinazoline-2-carbonitrile Anthranilic acid reacts with 2-chloro-5-cyano-4-hydroxypyrid-6-one (3) in glacial acetic acid to yield 3-hydroxy-1,10-dioxo-5,10-dihydro-1H-pyrido[2,1-b]quinazoline-2-carbonitrile (4) . When the reaction is carried out in DMF under Ullmann conditions, 2-(dimethylamino)-5-cyano-4-hydroxypyrid-6-one (5) forms as a by-product. The methylation of 3 with diazomethane affords 2-chloro-5-cyano-2-methoxy-N-methylpyrid-6-one (9) and 2-chloro-5-cynao-4,6-dimethoxypyridine (10) . Under similar conditions compound 4 undergoes an esterifying ring cleavage to furnish methyl 2-(5-cyano-4,6-dimethoxypyrid-2-ylamino)benzoate (7) .     

5-Cyano-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate: a potent competitive inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase.

The 5'-phosphate (1) of the antiviral nucleoside 5-cyano-2'-deoxyuridine was synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of thymidylate synthetase purified from methotrexate-resistant Lactobacillus casei. Compound 1 was a potent competitive inhibitor with a K1 of 0.55 microns. Irreversible enzyme inhibition by this compound could not be detected.     

Synthesis and cardiotonic activity of 2-substituted 5-cyano-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxylic acids and their methyl or ethyl esters.

The synthesis of ethyl or methyl esters of 5-cyano-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-3- pyridinecarboxylic acids carrying as 2-substituent a polar group such as CO2C2H5, (CH2)2CO2CH3, (CH2)3CO2C2H5, CH2OCH3, or CF3 group is described. Also 2-[5-cyano-1,6-dihydro-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-oxo-3-pyridyl]-2- oxoacetic acid and 2,5,6,8-tetrahydro-2,5-dioxo-1H-thiopyrano[3,4-b]pyridine-3-carbon itrile were prepared. Nearly all the above esters gave routinely the corresponding carboxylic acids by alkaline hydrolysis followed by acidification. As milrinone analogues, the above compounds were tested on contractile activity and frequency rate of spontaneously beating atria from reserpine-treated guinea-pigs. 5-Cyano-2-trifluoromethyl-1,6- dihydro-6-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid and, in a lesser degree, the relative ethyl ester showed an appreciable positive inotropic activity, although inferior to that of milrinone.     

Research on agents with antineoplastic activity. LXIII. Anthramycin and analogous compounds. X. Synthesis of 11-phenyl-5H-pyrrolo[2,1-c] [1,4] benzodiazepine derivatives

Reaction between arolychlorides and 1-(2-aminobenzyl)-2-cyanopyrrole afforded the corresponding aroylamides, which were transformed by intramolecular cyclization into 11-aryl-3-cyano-5H-pyrrolo[2,1-c] [1,4] benzodiazepines. Hydrolysis of cyanoderivatives furnished the corresponding amides or acids depending on the reaction conditions. Decarboxylation and reduction of some derivatives to afford 11-aryl-5H-pyrrolo[2,1-c] [1,4] benzodiazepines and 11-aryl-3-cyano-10,11-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,1-c] [1,4] benzodiazepines are described.     

Metabolism of sodium nifurstyrenate, a veterinary antimicrobial nitrofuran, in animals and fish.

Sodium nifursyrenate [beta-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-p-carboxystyrene sodium salt, NSA-Na] is an antibacterial nitrofuran which has been widely used for prevention and treatment of bacterial infections in fish in Japan. When NSA-Na was anaerobically incubated with rabbit liver cytosol and 2-hydroxypyrimidine, 1-(p-carboxyphenyl)-5-cyano-3-oxo-1,4-pentadiene (cyano-pentadienone), 1-(p-carboxyphenyl)-5-cyano-3-oxo-1-pentanone (cyano-pentanone), and 1-(p-carboxyphenyl)-5-cyano-3-pentanone (cyano-pentanone) were isolated and identified as the metabolites of the nitrofuran. In addition, when cyano-pentenone and cyano-pentanone were aerobically incubated with the liver preparation and NADPH, 1-(p-carboxyphenyl)-5-cyano-3-hydroxy-1-pentene (cyano-pentenol) and 1-(p-carboxyphenyl)-5-cyano-3-pentanol (cyano-pentanol) were also isolated and identified as the metabolites of the nitrofuran in its further metabolism, respectively. The anaerobic incubation of NSA-Na with rat liver cytosol and 2-hydroxypyrimidine resulted in the formation of cyano-pentadienone and cyano-pentanone. In this case, however, cyano-pentenone was not detectable. On the other hand, when NSA-Na was anaerobically incubated with sea bream liver cytosol and NADPH, the formation of cyano-pentenone, cyano-pentanone, and cyanopentenol, but not cyano-pentadienone, was observed. Furthermore, cyano-pentanone was metabolized to cyano-pentanol by the fish liver preparation with NADPH under aerobic conditions. When NSA-Na was given orally to rabbits, cyano-pentanone, cyano-pentenol, cyano-pentanol, and beta-(acetamido-2-furyl)-p-carboxystyrene (acetamidofuran) were identified as the urinary metabolites of the nitrofuran.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Synthesis of new pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivative using 5-aminouracil and ketene dithioacetal

Novel 3-cyano-2-(3-uracilyl-5-amino) pyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidine has been synthesized using 5-aminouracil as a starting material.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of some new 3 ,4-dihydropyrimidin-4-ones.

Condensation of 5-cyano-2-hydrazino-3-N-methyl-6-phenyl/p-chlorophenyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-4-one (3a and 3b) with 2,4-bisalkyl/arylamino-6-chloro-s-triazine (4) gave the corresponding 2,4-bisalkyl/arylamino-6-[5'-cyano-3'-N-methyl]-6'-phenyl/pchlorophenyl-3',4'-dihydropyrimidin-4'-one-2'-yl-hydrazino-s-triazines (5a-n and 6a-n). The compounds 4 have been prepared by the condensation of cyanuric chloride and different alkyl/aryl amines. The reaction between 5-cyano-3-N-methyl-2-methylthio-6-phenyl/p-chlorophenyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-4-one (2a and 2b) with hydrazine hydrate furnished 3a and 3b, respectively. The condensation of 6-phenyl/p-chlorophenyl/5-cyano-2-mercapto-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-4-one (1a and 1b) with methyl iodide yielded 2a and 2b, respectively. All the products have been evaluated in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against several microbes and antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 Rv.     

Reaktionen von 1-Phenyl-1-cyan-2-aminoäthen mit substituierten Acetaldehyden 21. Mitt über Untersuchungen an Acyl-enaminen

Reactions of 1-Phenyl-1-cyano-2-aminoethene with Substituted Acetaldehydes 3-Azapenta-1,4-diene derivatives 4a, b and c were prepared from 1-phenyl-1-cyano-2-aminoethene (2) and substituted acetaldehydes (3a, b, c). Catalytic hydrogenation led to 3-azapentene-1-or -4-derivatives (5, 7, 13, 15) , whose structures were established by independent synthesis or by hydrolysis.     

8-氯-10,11-二氢-4-氮杂-5H-二苯并[a,d]-5-环庚酮的合成新方法

以2-氰基一3一甲基吡啶为原料，通过自由基反应、Wittig-Homer反应、水解、还原、环化反应合成氯雷他定的重要中间体8-氯-10，11-二氢-4-氮杂-5H-二苯并[a，d]-5-环庚酮，总收率为20％。其结构经元素分析、核磁共振、质谱确证。     

Mechanismus der selektiven Bildung von 2-aminosubstituierten 1,4-Benzodiazepin-4-oxiden und 2-aminomethylsubstituierten Chinazolin-3-oxiden aus Chlormethyl-chinazolin-N-oxiden Störungstheoretische Befunde

Mechanism of Selective Formation of 2-Amino-substituted 1,4-Benzodiazepin-4-oxides and 2-Aminomethyl Substituted Quinazolin-3-oxides from Chloromethyl Quinazolin-N-oxides Indications from Perturbation Theory The o-amino-acetophenone and -benzophenone oximes 1a-c react with chloroacetyl chloride giving the 2-chloromethyl-quinazoline-3-oxides 6a-c . The mechanism is explained using the perturbation theory. With ammonia and N-prim. aliphatic amines, compounds 6a-c yield 1,4-benzodiazepines 16 and 17 as ring-enlarged products, with aromatic and with N-sec. aliphatic amines, quinazoline derivatives 10–13 are formed. The constitution of the heterocycles is proved by nmr spectroscopic methods. Selective formation of the heterocyclic products is explained with the relative thermodynamic stability of the corresponding 2-adducts 14 .     

3-Alkoxy-1.2.3-oxathiazolidin-4-on-2-oxide und 1-Alkoxy-indolin-2-one aus N-Alkoxyglykolamiden und Thionylchlorid oder 1.1′-Thionyldiimidazol

3-Alkoxy-1.2.3-oxathiazolidin-4-one-2-oxides and 1-Alkoxyindolin-2-ones from N-Alkoxyglycolamides and Thionyl Chloride or 1.1′-Thionyldiimidazole The reaction of N-alkoxyglycolamides 1 with thionyl chloride or 1.1′-thionyldiimidazole is shown to produce, dependending on the substituents at C-2 in 1 , either 3-alkoxy-1.2.3-oxathiazolidin-4-one-2-oxides 4 or 1-alkoxy-3-arylindolin-2-ones 6 .