手术切除血管内栓塞后巨大脑血管畸形

本文报告１５例巨大动静脉畸形栓塞后手术全切除。男９例，女６例，年龄２０～４３岁（平均２９．４岁）。无手术后死亡，仅２例术后肌力弱和偏盲。经随访肌力差１例已恢复。栓塞后再手术切除巨大动静脉畸形的作用如下：（１）应用氰基丙烯酸异丁酯（ＩＢＣＡ）栓塞供应动脉有助于手术时分离血管畸形；（２）术前应用ＩＢＣＡ栓塞大的血管畸形叮减少手术出血缩短手术时间；（３）栓塞后分期手术切除动静脉畸形可减少正常灌注压突破发生的危险，使原认为无法手术的动静脉畸形变为可以手术。     

小儿自发性脑出血的病因及诊治

目的：探讨小儿自发性脑出血的病因及其诊治方法的选择。方法：小儿自发性脑出血２５例，多见于８～１４岁，临床上癫痫发生率（４４．０％）明显高于成人，部分患儿有贫血表现。病因以脑动静脉畸形（ＡＶＭ）最常见（４８．０％），血液病（１６．０％）次之，约１／４患儿病因不明。出血量大、病情进展快者宜急诊手术清除血肿，并及时行脑血管造影及全身系统检查明确病因、作相应治疗。小儿ＡＶＭ采用血管内栓塞、手术切除或栓塞加手术切除。结果：治愈１９例（７６．０％），好转３例（１２．０％），死亡３例（１２．０％）。随访１６例（１～６．５年），１例死亡，１例再出血，余１４例健康生存。结论：小儿自发性脑出血最常见病因是动静脉畸形和血液病，如诊断治疗及时，预后良好。     

血管内栓塞后手术切除巨大脑动静脉畸形

血管内栓塞后手术切除巨大脑动静脉畸形江涛刘相轸戴钦舜陈会荣黄正松１９９３年５月至１９９６年９月我们对５例经血管内栓塞后的巨大脑血管畸形手术全切，５例均经术后造影证实全切，手术无死亡。结合文献报告如下。临床资料患者的一般情况，临床症状、出血情况、病变大...     

血管内栓塞和手术切除大型脑动静脉畸形

本文报道用栓塞和手术切除治疗１２例大型和功能区的脑动静脉畸形（ＡＶＭｓ），并与单纯手术治疗相比，结果表明，对单纯手术切除危险性较高的脑ＡＶＭｓ，用血管内栓塞后手术切降可明显降低术中出危险及术后致残率和死亡率。其理由为：（１）术前栓塞可阻断供血动脉摁流，使病灶缩小，有利于术中病灶暴露分离，避免和减轻对周围脑组织损伤；（２）术前栓塞可使高流量的ＡＶＭｓ血流量减少，防止单纯手术切除后产生脑灌注压急剧升高     

脑动静脉畸形的显微外科治疗

目的 回顾性分析笔二十年间手术治疗脑动静脉畸形病例，探讨治疗经验。方法 １９７９年至１９９９年１０月间，采用显微外科技术治疗脑动静脉畸形（ＡＶＭ）３７９例，ＡＶＭ病灶３８６个。按史氏分 级标准，１组１５例，１～２级３６例，２组７６例，２～３级８２全得１２９例，３～４级３３例有４级８例。结果 ３６７例（３７４个病灶）手 切除，全切除率９９．２％。死亡率０．２６％。术后疗效属优良占８８．     

动静脉畸形的直线加速器放射外科：大小与转归的关系

动静脉畸形的直线加速器放射外科：大小与转归的关系１９８８年５月，１９９３年８月，佛罗里达大学用放射外科治疗了１５８例脑动静脉畸形（ＡＶＭｓ）患者，病变周边的平均剂量为１５６０ｃＧｙ，病变的平均容积为９ｍｌ（０．０５～４５．３ｍｌ），其中１３９例接受了...     

脑动静脉畸形的流量和供血动脉压力测定

根据经颅多普勒超声和血管造影的数据资料，对６３例脑动静脉畸形（ＡＶＭ）的分流量进行计算，并通过微导管测量了１５条供血动脉内的压力。结果显示ＡＶＭ的动静脉分流量在出血组为２７２±２４５ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，非出血组为８７６±４３３ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。不同供血动脉的压力差别很大０．６～１０ｋｐａ（５～７５ｍｍＨｇ），出血组为６．２±１．９ｋＰａ，癫痫组为２．５±１．２ｋｐａ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。认为脑ＡＶＭ出血的血液动力学因素为相对的高阻力低流量，流量和压力分析尚可有助于预警“正常灌注压突破”综合征的发生。     

脑动静脉畸形的显微外科手术治疗

脑动静脉畸形的显微外科手术治疗蒋太鹏，朱贤立，付友增，陈耕野，林宁我们于１９８９年１１月至１９９４年１１月共收治脑动静脉畸形２７例，均在显微操作下行全切和部分切除，现报告如下：临床资料１．一般资料：２７例ＡＶＭ患者中，男性１４例，女性１３例。年龄９～...     

脑动静脉畸形栓塞术中及术后出血原因探讨

治疗脑ＡＶＭ３００例，栓塞１３０５次，解剖治愈１０８例（３６％，其中７０例栓塞后手术切除），发生各种并发症２２例（７．３％），其中最严重为栓塞后出血，共１４例（４．７％），全部经股动脉插管，应用带孔球囊导管及Ｍａｇｉｃ导管，栓塞剂为ＩＢＣＡ或ＮＢＣＡ与碘苯酯的混合剂。栓塞后即刻发生出血者８例，２４小时以上者３例，其余则为３～１９小时。出血后紧急手术清除血肿和畸形团切除９例，脑室引流１例，保守治疗４例。结果１４例中６例完全治愈，３例遗有轻度单肢瘫，植物生存１例，死亡４例。分析出血的原因可能为：（１）大面积ＡＶＭ的治疗中，一次闭塞的体积过大，４例；（２）在同一支血管内反复插管栓塞，２例；（３）栓塞前后未能很好降血压，２例；（４）未能先选择畸形团的“薄弱部分”栓塞，１例；（５）带孔球囊撑破血管，３例；（６）栓塞过程中的机器故障，２例。     

22例蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤手术治疗体会

报告２２例蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤手术治疗资料。根据ＣＴ和术中所见，Ｂｏｎｎａｌ氏分类，Ａ组（内１／３）１２例，Ｄ和Ｅ组冲、外１／３）各５例。Ｄ和Ｅ组全切除率为１００％，Ａ组为４１．６％。肿瘤切除程度与其类型、大小有密切关系。强调早期诊断和手术切除以提高全切除率，减少复发。术前供血动脉栓塞，术中应用显微外科技术，ＣＵＳＡ和双极电凝等有利于肿瘤全切并减少对周围重要结构的损伤。本文就手术技巧，尤其是内１／３肿瘤的切除技术进行了较详细的讨论。     

Combination of intraoperative embolisation with surgical resection for treatment of giant cerebral arteriovenous malformations

Objective: To reduce the risk of surgical resection of giant arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and prevent normal perfusion pressure breakthrough (NPPB) and thus to lower postoperative mortality.Methods: During the operation, which was carried out under general anaesthesia, the proximal ends of the feeding arteries were first ligated and 0.5 ml IBCA mixed with 0.5 ml of 5% glucose was injected into the vessels towards the AVM, then the malformed vessels were totally resected. Postoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of the four vessels was performed in all patients.Results: Fifty patients with giant AVMs survived after operation, only 6 (12.0%) had transient neurological dysfunction and 44 (88.0%) recovered after a follow-up of 6–36 months. No patient suffered from NPPB.Conclusions: The embolisation could block the arteriovenous shunts sufficiently to decrease the blood flow away from the normal areas of the brain so as to prevent the incidence of intra- and post-operative rebleeding, especially in NPPB. Therefore, the combination of intraoperative embolisation with surgical resection is an effective strategy in the treatment of giant cerebral AVMs, which makes it possible to operate on patients who used to be regarded as inoperable cases.     

Treatment of arteriovenous malformation of the brain – preliminary experience

With the availability of new techniques, such as intravascular embolisation and radiosurgery, the therapeutic approach to arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the brain has recently been modified. The present study reports the authors, experiences in treating AVMs over the past 13 years. Spetzler-Martin grading of AVMs was I and II in 19 cases, III in 12, IV in 5 and V in 1 case. Four therapeutic regimens were utilised: surgical resection alone, embolisation and resection, and radiosurgery alone or after surgical resection. Generally, for low-grade AVMs (Spetzler-Martin grades I, II and III), the therapeutic choice was surgical resection in 27 cases, in combination with pre-operative embolisation in two of these patients. Two cases received radiotherapy only and one case received radiosurgery after embolisation, while one case was treated conservatively. Of the five cases of grade IV, four required surgical treatment, whereas the fifth case was treated conservatively. Favourable results (good recovery and moderate disability) were obtained in 96% of the low-grade AVMs as compared with the high-grade AVMs (66%) that had a poor outcome (due to primary brain damage resulting from haemorrhage at the onset in three cases and due to postoperative re-bleeding in one case). This report summarises preliminary experience in treating intracranial AVMs by surgical resection, intravascular embolisation and radiotherapy. Good therapeutic results can be expected by combining these therapeutic modalities.     

Surgical results in pediatric Spetzler-Martin grades I-III intracranial arteriovenous malformations.

OBJECTS: The goal of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) therapy in pediatric patients should be complete resection or obliteration of the AVM to eliminate subsequent hemorrhage, because of high mortality and morbidity rates related to hemorrhage in addition to the longer life expectation. Despite advances in Gamma knife radiosurgery and in endovascular embolization, surgical resection is still the gold standard for treating cerebral AVMs. METHODS: Between 1986 and 2003, 20 children were surgically treated for cerebral AVMs. The AVMs were graded I, II, and III using the Spetzler-Martin (S-M) Grading Scale. Good recovery was achieved in 18 out of 20 patients (90%) and only 1 patient was moderately disabled (5%). There was one mortality (5%) related to the preoperative deep comatose state of the patient. The total obliteration rate was 89% (17 out of 19). CONCLUSION: For S-M grade I-III AVMs, surgical resection is the treatment of choice, considering its high cure rate and low morbidity and mortality rates.     

Curative treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations by embolisation using cellulose acetate polymer followed by surgical resection

Aim: To investigate the usefulness of embolising cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) with a cellulose acetate polymer solution before surgical resection.Methods: The cases of 12 patients with AVMs treated by embolisation before surgical resection were renewed. Two types of cellulose acetate polymer solutions were used to occlude 40 feeding vessels. All patients underwent surgical resection 1–51 days after embolisation.Results: Reduction of the nidus volume after embolisation ranged from 20% to nearly 100%. Transient neurological deficits occurred in three patients, persistent deficits occurred in one and there were no haemorrhagic complications. All but one arteriovenous malformation were completely resected. Embolisation helped to identify feeding vessels and ease dissection. Histopathological examination of resected specimens disclosed mild inflammatory reactions in the acute stage and no unfavourable granulomatous changes in the chronic stage.Conclusion: Embolisation with cellulose acetate polymer solutions followed by surgical resection is safe and efficacious for treating cerebral AVMs.     

术中DSA辅助手术切除脑动静脉畸形的安全性及有效性

目的 探讨术中DSA辅助显微手术切除脑动静脉畸形的安全性和有效性。方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2020年12月术中DSA辅助下显微手术治疗的47例脑动静脉畸形的临床资料。结果 首次切除后术中DSA显示,畸形血管团完全切除10例,有残留37例。术中DSA次数中位数为2.0（2.0,3.5）次。26例采用动脉瘤夹定位畸形血管团位置,定位造影次数中位数为1.5（1.0,2.0）次。术后即刻造影显示畸形血管团完全切除44例,部分残留3例。5例术后出现手术相关并发症。术后随访1年,预后良好（mRS评分≤2分）46例,预后不良1例;DSA随访发现复发7例。结论 术中DSA辅助下手术切除脑动静脉畸形,有助于提高畸形团全切除率,减少手术并发症。     

Long-term results of cerebral arteriovenous malformations--surgical and conservative treatment

During the past 20 years, we have treated 187 cases with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). These 134 patients were treated surgically and the remaining 53 patients were managed non-surgically. The purpose of this study is to clarify the surgical indications of AVMs, based on a comparison of the long-term follow-up results between the surgical and nonsurgical groups. Consequently, good results were obtained in the surgical group: the operative mortality was 7.5% and the morbidity was 12.7%. The long-term follow-up results were as follows: Of the 124 followed cases in the surgical group, there were 16 cases with improvement of neurological deficits (13%) and 3 cases with neurological aggravation (2%). Of the 47 followed cases in the nonsurgical group, there were 5 cases with improvement of neurological deficits (11%) and 6 cases with neurological aggravation (13%). As for the incidence of AVM hemorrhage, there were 8 cases with hemorrhage in the nonsurgical group including 4 cases (3 rebleeding cases) which were fatal (11%), in contrast to one case (subtotal resection) in the surgical group. On follow-up angiography, the size of AVMs were unchanged in the majority of cases in the nonsurgical group, with the exception of 2 cases in which there were slight regressions. In the surgical group, on the other hand, enlargement in 2 cases and spontaneous regression in 3 of residual AVM occurred following incomplete resection. Particularly in 2 cases involving unresectable AVMs, a newly formed aneurysm was discovered in the follow-up angiography, emphasizing the fact that serious follow-up angiography is required in cases of untreated AVMs.     

Surgical results in pediatric Spetzler–Martin grades I–III intracranial arteriovenous malformations

Objects The goal of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) therapy in pediatric patients should be complete resection or obliteration of the AVM to eliminate subsequent hemorrhage, because of high mortality and morbidity rates related to hemorrhage in addition to the longer life expectation. Despite advances in Gamma knife radiosurgery and in endovascular embolization, surgical resection is still the gold standard for treating cerebral AVMs.Methods Between 1986 and 2003, 20 children were surgically treated for cerebral AVMs. The AVMs were graded I, II, and III using the Spetzler–Martin (S–M) Grading Scale. Good recovery was achieved in 18 out of 20 patients (90%) and only 1 patient was moderately disabled (5%). There was one mortality (5%) related to the preoperative deep comatose state of the patient. The total obliteration rate was 89% (17 out of 19).Conclusion For S–M grade I–III AVMs, surgical resection is the treatment of choice, considering its high cure rate and low morbidity and mortality rates.A commentary on this paper is available at     

显微外科手术治疗大型脑动静脉畸形

目的对显微外科手术治疗的13例大型脑动静脉畸形的手术治疗效果进行分析,探讨大型脑动静脉畸形的治疗策略和手术要点。方法共手术治疗13例大型动静脉畸形。外院曾行血肿外引流2例,血肿清除去骨瓣减压1例。全部位于功能区。Spetzler-Martin分级:Ⅳ级7例,Ⅴ级6例。4例行术前栓塞治疗。在我院均行动静脉畸形切除术。结果 6例无明显并发症。余7例主要并发症是偏盲、轻度失语、肌力下降及癫痫等,多数均逐渐恢复。10例动静脉畸形获全切,3例少量残留。残余动静脉畸形行伽玛刀治疗。结论动静脉畸形的最大危害是颅内出血,严重者可导致患者死亡。显微外科手术全切除是最有效的治疗方法。术前充分准备,采用正确的手术方法,术中术后控制血压,高级别大型动静脉畸形可以获得良好的治疗效果。     

Long-term follow-up of seizures associated with cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Results of therapy

Of 115 patients with angiographically demonstrated cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), seizures occurred in 66 (57%), all of whom had supratentorial AVMs. Seizures were the initial manifestations in 36 patients. In 14 patients seizures developed within 30 days of hemorrhage or surgical resection; in 16 others seizures started within 0.5 to 16 years after hemorrhage or resection. Seizures were infrequent in the majority of patients; in only nine (16%) were they incapacitating. Among 46 patients observed from two to 36 years, 23 (50%) were seizure free for a minimum of two years at follow-up. Neurological deficits on examination and previous occurrence of hemorrhage did not adversely affect seizure control. No significant difference was found between the percentage of seizure-free patients in the medical and surgical groups at follow-up. Irrespective of treatment method, seizures starting within 30 days of hemorrhage or resection had the best prognosis.     

复合手术在脑动静脉畸形治疗中的应用

目的 总结一站式复合手术在治疗脑动静脉畸形中的临床经验。方法 回顾性分析2014年4月至2017年11月采取复合手术治疗的24例脑动静脉畸形的临床资料,术前Spetzler-Martin分级Ⅲ级8 例,Ⅳ级14例,V级2例。14例术中先做治疗性供血动脉栓塞再进行手术切除,另10例直接行手术切除;全部病人均在切除病灶后行术中造影以评估切除程度。结果 24例畸形血管团全切除。20例术后恢复良好,4例术前昏迷病人术后意识障碍改善。没有死亡病人,未发生与介入相关的并发症。24例术后随访6个月至2年,16例行DSA、8例CTA检查;除1例存在部分病灶残留外,其余23例均无病灶残留或复发;日常生活能力分级Ⅰ级16例,Ⅱ级2例,Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ级4例。结论 复合手术为脑动静脉畸形提供了一个新的外科治疗方案;该技术可简化多次介入以及显微手术的治疗过程,并且能够实时地对切除情况进行精准地评估,是一项安全有效的治疗方式。