银耳制剂对小鼠骨髓造血干细胞及其放射敏感性的影响

水文研究了银耳制剂对小鼠骨髓及造血干细胞的影响。腹腔注射后早期,骨髓有核细胞数明显下降,而外用血白细胞数未见增多,药物使骨髓CFU-S和GM-CFC生成率显著提高,但对其放射敏感性的影响较小。该制剂对照射动物造血功能的恢复有明显的促进作用,揣测与其改善造血微环境有关。     

“抗微1号”对γ—射线照射小鼠多能造血干细胞的保护作用

本实验采用了集落形成单位测定法观察抗微1号(KW-1)对γ-射线照射小鼠多能造血干细胞的保护作用。在照射前后各给KW-15天,能增加照射小鼠脾脏内源性造血灶的形成,同时,使脾脏重量和骨髓有核细胞数(NNBMC)较照射对照组明显增加,从而改善小鼠的整体造血功能;KW-1可显著加快照射小鼠多能造血干细胞(CFU-S)的增殖,使其恢复加快,4Gy照射后第14天,KW-1组CFU-S已恢复到正常水平的67.8%,而照射给水组则仅恢复到正常水平的40.7%;CFU-S剂量—存活曲线的结果表明,KW-1组与照射给水组之D_o(存活曲线上使存活细胞每减少63%所需要的照射剂量)和n(射线对靶子细胞的击中次数)无显著差异,说明KW-1对小鼠CFU-S的放射敏感性无明显影响。因此,KW-1防止照后效应,促进照射后CFU-S的增殖恢复是其抗辐射作用机制之一。     

超氧化物歧化酶的辐射防护作用

本研究甩照射小鼠的活存率和外源性脾结节法评价了牛红细胞SOD的辐射防护作用.小鼠受875拉德γ射线照射前1小时静脉注射200mg/kgSOD可提高活存率50%,照后给药无效.小鼠受350拉德照射前或照射后静脉注射200或35mg/kg SOD,都能明显提高骨髓CFU-S的形成能力与总量,照后给药效果较低.照前与照后各注射一次35mg/kg SOD,可加强SOD对CFU-S的防护效果.照前腹腔注射或皮下注射SOD对骨髓造血干细胞也有良好的辐射防护作用.对SOD的辐射防护效果及其作用机制进行了讨论.     

人基因工程重组超氧化物歧化酶对骨髓造血干细胞的辐射防护作用

用照射小鼠的骨髓造血干细胞(CFU-S)外源性脾结节形成法,评价人基因工程重组SOD(rhSOD),聚乙二醇(PEG)修饰的长半衰期重组SOD(PEG-SOD)对CFU-S的辐射防护作用.结果显示:rhSOD和PEG-SOD均能明显提高CFU-S产率,其中rh SOD在照射前1h给药效果好,而PEG-SOD在照射前2～3h给药作用更为明显,化学修饰后SOD血浆半衰期延长,将使给药时机及药物作用持续时间得到改善.     

辛伐他汀对急性放射损伤小鼠骨髓造血恢复的影响

目的 探讨小鼠受到照射后,辛伐他汀对骨髓造血功能恢复的影响。方法 将66只8周龄清洁级健康昆明小鼠随机分为3组。正常组不做任何处理;对照组和辛伐他汀组于6.0 Gy ⁶⁰Coγ线一次性全身均匀照射后, 分别胃饲等体积的生理盐水和辛伐他汀(16 mg/kg,1次/d),直至处死。于照射后第3、7、10、14 天检测小鼠外周血细胞数和骨髓有核细胞数,并用流式细胞仪检测骨髓有核细胞中CD34+细胞百分率,测量骨髓造血面积,观察照射后第10天小鼠脾集落形成单位(CFU-S)数及第28天骨小梁的变化。结果 照射后第3、7、10、14 天辛伐他汀组小鼠外周血白细胞数、血小板数、骨髓有核细胞数和骨髓CD34+细胞率均明显高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),而外周血红细胞数无明显差异。照射后第28天辛伐他汀组小鼠骨小梁的数目明显多于对照组。辛伐他汀组小鼠CFU-S数(11±3)个显著高于对照组(4±3)个。2组小鼠骨髓造血面积随时间的变化差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 辛伐他汀能够促进急性放射病小鼠成骨细胞增生、增加骨髓CD34+细胞率并促进骨髓造血功能的恢复。     

DHEA对放、化疗损伤造血功能保护作用的实验研究

目的：研究17aα-D-高炔雌二醇-3-乙酯（DHEA）对137Csγ射线和环磷酰胺（CTX）所致小鼠造血及免疫功能损伤的保护作用。方法分别用8．0 Gy 137Csγ射线和CTX建立C57BL/6小鼠动物模型,观察DHEA低、中、高3个剂量对两个模型小鼠的造血干细胞脾结节形成细胞（CFU-S）数、外周血WBC、骨髓有核细胞数、脾脏指数的影响。结果 DHEA各组对小鼠137Csγ射线照射所致的外周血WBC、CFU-S数、骨髓有核细胞数的降低具有保护作用,并增大了脾脏指数。DHEA各组对环磷酰胺引起的小鼠WBC、CFU-S数、骨髓有核细胞数降低有抑制作用。结论 DHEA能减轻辐射和环磷酰胺对小鼠造血系统的损伤。     

猴头菇多糖的抗辐射作用实验研究

目的　探讨猴头菇多糖对受６－２５～８－５ Ｇｙ γ射线照射小鼠的辐射防护作用。方法　给药组小鼠分别于照射前或照射后１ 小时于腹腔内注射猴头菇多糖生理盐水溶液,一次给药,剂量为３０ ｍｇ或１５ ｍｇ,观察动物的３０ 天存活情况及骨髓ＤＮＡ含量。结果　给药组的３０ 天存活率比对照组提高３５ ％ ～９７－５％ ,骨髓ＤＮＡ含量比对照组明显增加,差异均有非常显著性（ Ｐ＜０－０１） 。结论　猴头菇多糖对受照小鼠有明显的辐射防护作用,值得进一步研究。     

苯甲酸雌二醇对受照射小鼠外源性造血重建的影响

LACA小鼠经⁶⁰Coγ 线致死剂量照射后移植同系骨髓细胞或胎肝细胞,观察肌注0.15mg苯甲酸雌=醇对造血重建的影响。结果表明,不论移植前3天或移植后1天一次用药,对外源性遗血重建均有抑制作用。与移植对照组相比,外周血自细胞,骨髓有核细胞,骨髓CFU-S和CFU-GM—D以及股骨与脾脏的组织学改变均有延迟恢复的趋势,尤以移植后用药更为显著,且加速受体小鼠死亡。     

血小板第4因子对放射损伤小鼠骨髓基质细胞周期的影响

目的探讨血小板第4因子（platelet factor 4,PF4）对5.0 Gy γ射线全身照射小鼠的骨髓基质细胞（bone marrow stromal cells,BMSCs）的保护作用,进一步探讨PF4对造血的辐射防护机制.方法30只雄性小鼠随机分为3组：①放射组,②PF4保护组,③对照组.小鼠照射前分别于26和20 h腹腔内注射PF4,每次剂量50 μg/kg.于照射后3 d取骨髓细胞体外培养,分别计数培养后3、7和14 d的骨髓基质细胞集落（CFU-F）;在培养后10 d流式细胞仪检测细胞周期.结果3组中,照射组3 d的CFU-F数量与PF4保护组差异无统计学意义,7和14 d的CFU-F数量PF4保护组较照射组明显增加.流式细胞仪检测结果表明3组中照射组G0＋G1期细胞明显高于其余两组,S,G2＋M期细胞明显低于其余两组.结论PF4对照射小鼠的骨髓基质细胞有保护作用,促进造血重建.     

梁金菇多糖对辐射损伤小鼠造血功能的影响

目的：研究梁金菇多糖（LJPS）对造血功能辐射损伤的治疗作用及机理。方法：用造血祖细胞克隆法，内源性脾结节形成法，骨髓有核细胞计数及脾脏指数等方面观察了LIPS对60^Coγ射线照射5．5Gy小鼠造血功能的影响，并用免疫组化法检测辐射骨髓及脾脏细胞的 bcl-2蛋白的表达。结果：LJPS辐射后第7天骨髓CFU－GM，CFU－E，CFU－F数量增加，辐射第14天的骨髓有核细胞数，脾脏指数，CFU－S明显增多，辐射第3，7，14天骨髓，脾脏bcl-2蛋白表达上升。结论：LJPS对小鼠造血功能辐射损伤具有治疗作用，其机理与调节骨髓，脾脏bcl-2蛋白表达有关。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）