Effect of Two Kinds of Different Combined Oral Contraceptives Used on Bone Mineral Density in Women of Reproductive Age

Objective To compare bone mineral density (BMD) among users of ethinylestradiol/desogestrel, ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate and nonhormonal control subjects. Methods The study included 154 women aged 25-40 years. Forty-six women were using ethinylestradiol/desogestrel (group A) and 55 women using ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate (group B) for 24 months and 53 women using nonhormonal contraception as control subjects (group C). BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were obtained using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, comparing mean BMD changes in combined oral contraceptives (COCs) users with nonusers. Results For 24 months of treatment, lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD values in women who used ethinylestradiol/desogestrel and ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate were not significantly different compared with the baseline and the values of subjects in nonuser (P>0.05). Conclusion There was no statistical difference in BMD between the users of ethinylestradiol/desogestrel or ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate and nonusers.     

Effect of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate （DMPA） on Bone Mineral Density in Women of Reproductive Age

Objective To compare bone mineral density （BMD） between users of intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate（DMPA ） and nonhormonal control subjects. Methods The study included 68 women aged between 25 and 40 years using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate for 24 months and 59 women aged between 25 and 40 years using nonhormonal contraception as control subjects. BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were obtained using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results At 24 months of treatment, as compared with baseline, the mean BMD in lumbar spine and femoral neck was decreased by 5.5% and 5.9%, respectively. Lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD in women who used DMPA were significantly decreased compared with the subjects in nonuser （P〈0.001）. Conclusion These results show BMD declined during using DMPA in women aged 25 -40 years old.     

Post-marketing Surveillance for Combined Oral Contraceptive Containing Desogestrel (Marvelon?) in Chinese Rural Areas

Objective To assess the side effects and the continuation rate of combined oral contraceptive (COC) containing desogestrel (Marvelon ) during 12 months. Methods This was a post-marketing surveillance study on Marvelon COC among 870 healthy rural women in 5 different counties of Jiangsu Province during 12 months. Results About 24.02% of the women who used Marvelon COC experienced side effects during 12 months. Gastrointestinal disorder, bleeding/spotting and chloasma were ranked the first three in the side effects. The rate of side effects of Marvelon COC users during the first 3 months in southern area of Jiangsu was significantly higher than that of users in northern area of Jiangsu. Most of the users did not experience obvious weight changes i.e., loss or increase in weight of more than 5 kg during 12 months. Blood pressure and biochemical indicators of almost 99% among users were within the normal range. The gross cumulative continuation rate for 12 months was 83.14%; the most common medical reason for discontinuation was gastrointestinal disorder. There was an increased risk of discontinuation use among women with lower educational level.Conclusion Marvelon COC brought fewer side effects and was well accepted when applied in Chinese rural women.     

Post-marketing Surveillance for Combined Oral Contraceptive Containing Desogestrel （Marvelon） in Chinese Rural Areas

To assess the side effects and the continuation rate of combined oral contraceptive （COC） containing desogestrel （Marvelon） during 12 months. Methods This was a post-marketing surveillance study on Marvelon COC among 870 healthy rural women in 5 different counties of Jiangsu Province during 12 months. Results About 24.02% of the women who used Marvelon COC experienced side effects during 12 months. Gastrointestinal disorder, bleeding/spotting and chloasma were ranked the first three in the side effects. The rate of side effects of Marvelon COC users during the first 3 months in southern area of Jiangsu was significantly higher than that of users in northern area of Jiangsu. Most of the users did not experience obvious weight changes i.e., loss or increase in weight of more than 5 kg during 12 months. Blood pressure and biochemical indicators of almost 99% among users were within the normal range. The gross cumulative continuation rate for 12 months was 83.14%; the most common medical reason for discontinuation was gastrointestinal disorder. There was an increased risk of discontinuation use among women with lower educational level. Conclusion Marvelon COC brought fewer side effects and was well accepted when applied in Chinese rural women.     

卵巢切除对鼠骨密度的影响

３个月龄ＳＤ雌性大鼠６４只，双侧卵巢切除及行假手术，于术后第１，３，５，７月各处死８只动物。切取Ｌ１－Ｌ２椎体节段，股骨及胫骨，进行ＢＭＤ检测。结果ＯＶＸ后第１个月椎体ＢＭＤ明显丢失；全股骨丢失较为缓慢，７月时ＢＭＣ丢失才有差异。而股骨近段ＢＭＤ则自３月时丢失即有差异性。     

Study on Bone Mineral Density and its Influencing Factors among 1 214 Older Adults in Xuhui District, Shanghai

Osteoporosis is a common disease in older adults. The basic evidence for the diagnosisof osteoporosis is the decrease of bone mineral density (BMD) [1]. Studies showed that the risk of fractures would rise as the bone mineral density decreased, and the me…     

糖皮质激素对大鼠骨骼的骨密度影响

目的:探讨单光子吸收法测定糖皮质激素对大鼠骨骼影响的骨密度。方法:16只3月龄♂SD大鼠,体重345～347g,随机分为对照组和激素组,后者喂醋酸泼尼松4.5mg/kg,每周2次。3个月后,对两组动物的股骨进行骨密度测定。结果:与对照组比较,激素组大鼠股骨近段和中段的骨矿含量有减少的趋势;股骨三段的骨宽度有所增加;股骨近段、中段和远段骨密度分别减少了11.8%(P<0.05%)、12.5%(P<0.05)和10.5%(P<0.05)。结论:单光子吸收法除了能测定人体骨密度外,也可用于对大鼠骨质疏松的研究。     

湖南邵阳地区汉族正常人群骨密度的测定

目的了解湖南邵阳地区汉族正常成年人的峰值骨量及各年龄段的骨密度(BMD)水平,为今后全国范围内的骨量调查提供参考性数据。方法用双能X线骨密度仪对湖南邵阳地区现有社区医疗服务网内城镇、农村居民,随机抽样年龄在20～70岁的男女健康人群237例进行腰椎及股骨颈骨密度的测定,将所获得的数据录入SPSS17.0软件数据库进行相关统计分析。结果湖南邵阳地区汉族成年男女峰值骨量在30～39岁年龄段,在50岁以后骨量呈缓慢下降趋势,正常健康男、女各年龄段同一部位骨密度水平虽不同,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 BMD达到峰值后,随年龄增加而下降,正常健康同性人群同一部位不同年龄段的骨骼骨密度水平基本一致,男女不同部位的骨密度峰值不同。     

钙感觉受体基因A986S多态性与中国男性骨密度相关性研究

目的：研究钙感觉受体(CaSR)基因A986S位点多态性与中国男性骨密度(BMD)的关系。方法：采用双能X线吸收仪对374名研究对象进行腰椎及股骨扫描,应用PCR-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法检测CaSR基因A986S位点多态性基因型,用广义线性模型分析A986S多态性与腰椎2～4及股骨骨密度关系。结果：在调整环境危险因素前后,均未发现CaSR基因的A986S位点多态性与男性股骨颈、股骨柄和股骨三角区及腰椎2～4的骨密度呈相关性。结论：在中国男性人群中CaSR基因A986S多态性与股骨及腰椎骨密度无显著性相关。     

益骨口服液对去势大鼠骨密度与骨生物力学的影响

[目的]探讨益骨口服液对实验去势大鼠骨密度和骨生物力学变化的影响。[方法]将大鼠随机分为A、B、C、D、E五组,A组(10只)为正常对照组(假手术);B组(10只)为模型组(造模后给予蒸馏水亦即空白组);C组(10只)为阳性对照组(切除双侧卵巢并予以倍美力治疗);D组(10只)为高浓度组(造模后给予含生药1.5g/ml益骨口服液治疗);E组(10只)为低浓度组(造模后给予含生药0.5g/ml益骨口服液治疗)。灌胃12周后,活杀各组动物,以双能X线测定骨密度及三点弯曲试验测生物力学指标。[结果]治疗组骨密度明显高于模型组(P0.05),骨生物力学性能较模型组得到明显改善(P0.05)。结论:益骨汤能促进骨形成,能提高骨强度及生物力学性能。     

武汉地区2886名健康人骨矿含量变化规律的研究

对武汉地区3～89岁2886名健康人进行了桡、尺骨骨矿含量的测定。发现出生后骨矿含量随增龄而逐渐升高,5～8岁是儿童增长的第一个高峰期,13～16岁是第二个高峰。20岁以后同年龄组性别不同,骨矿含量差异显著,女性普遍低于男性。男、女均于30～39岁时达到峰值骨量,以后随增龄骨矿含量逐渐下降,50岁以后女性受绝经后卵巢功能减退的影响,骨矿含量下降迅速。经常从事体育锻炼的人比同龄无运动习惯的人具有较高的骨矿含量。     

日本中老年妇女174人前臂骨密度及某些相关因素分析

目的：探讨日本中老年妇女前臂骨密度（ＢＭＤ）随增龄变化的特点及与其相关的某些因素。方法：使用美国Ｈｏｌｏｇｉｃ公司的ＤＴＸ１００型单能Ｘ线吸收仪（ＳＸＡ）测定前臂ＢＭＤ。体格及肌力测量包括身高、体重及握力。通过问卷获得有关日常身体活动及富含钙的食物摄入情况。结果：１７４名日本４０～７９岁健康妇女前臂ＢＭＤ平均值随年龄而递减，５０岁后骨损失加速。最高骨质累积丢失率为３５．２４％。多因素逐步回归分析显示在该人群中，年龄与前臂ＢＭＤ呈显著负相关。握力、日常规律性运动习惯与前臂ＢＭＤ呈显著正相关。而身高、体重及经常性含钙食物摄入习惯则与前臂ＢＭＤ关系不密切。结论：很多因素影响中老年妇女ＢＭＤ。对前臂ＢＭＤ，年龄、肌肉的强度和日常规律性运动是较重要的影响因素。因此，适当增加体育活动对防止中老年妇女骨质疏松骨折的发生具有积极意义     

肾脏疾病患者的骨密度改变

用ＳＤ１０００型单光子骨矿物仪测定了３１例肾脏疾病患者的骨密度，结果１４例骨密度降低，胆骨骼Ｘ线无一例有阳性发现。１２例血透治疗患者中９例有骨降低，１９例非透析治疗者仅５例有骨密度降低。     

延缓绝经后骨量丢失运动干预方案的综合评价

目的观察运动干预方案对延缓绝经后骨量丢失的效果,并对骨密度变化率的影响因素进行分析。方法研究对象为绝经后2~10年之间的妇女,平均年龄(52.6±4.4)岁。遵循个人意愿分为运动组(n=45)和对照组(n=36),运动组要求遵循运动方案进行锻炼,对照组未参加任何方式有规律的体育锻炼。观察期为12个月。在0、12个月时测量腰椎L1~4和股骨上端骨密度。分别在0、3、6个月时评定肌肉力量和心肺功能。采用非参数秩和检验比较骨密度变化率,并采用多元线性回归模型分析骨密度改变率的影响因素。结果最终运动组中有36人完成运动干预实验,12个月后,运动组和对照组腰椎L1~4及髋骨骨密度值和基线值相比均明显降低(均P<0.01)。但运动组第4腰椎、平均腰椎骨密度变化率以及股骨颈、Ward’s三角区、大转子骨密度变化率均低于对照组(均P<0.01)。对第4腰椎、平均腰椎、股骨颈、Ward’s三角区骨密度变化率进行多元线性回归分析,结果显示,肌肉力量是影响骨密度变化率的重要因素,肌肉力量增强有助于减少骨量丢失。结论本研究设计的运动方案可有效延缓负重部位骨量丢失,肌肉力量练习是运动方案中不可或缺的环节。     

绝经期妇女骨密度与细胞因子的变化

目的：观察绝经后不年龄妇女骨密度与白细胞介素1（IL－1）、白介素6（IL－6）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF－α水平的变化。探讨骨质疏松症（Ostoporosis,OP)的发病及其机理,方法：用双能X线吸收仪测定207例绝经前后不同年妇女骨密度,采用定量夹心酶联免疫测定血清IL－1、IL－6、TNF－α水平。结果：骨量减少28例,占14．95,OP72例,占38．5％,正常行经对照组20例,骨量减少1例,占0．5％,各年龀组与对照组差异显著（P＜0．01）,结论妇女绝经后,雌激素水平明显下降,雌对因子的抑制降低,因而IL－1、IL－6、TNF－α血清水平明显升高,增强了破骨细胞的活性和形成,使骨转换加快,OP发病率升高。     

Type IIB Human Skeletal Muscle Fibers Positively Correlates with Bone Mineral Density Irrespective to Age

Background Age-associated decrease in type IIA/B human skeletal muscle fibers was detected in human biopsies in our previous study. The relationship between change in muscle fiber typing and bone mineral density (BMD) is, however, unknown neither cross-sectional nor longitudinal. We therefore conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate their correlation using human muscle biopsies. Methods 40 human subjects aged 53.4 ± 20.2 years were recruited. Histomorphometric parameters of their muscle biopsies were measured by ATPase staining and image analysis, including average area percentage, fiber number percentage, mean fiber area, and area percentage of connective tissues. Hip and spine BMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Partial correlation with adjusting age was performed. Results Type IIB muscle fiber was found positively correlated with hip BMD irrespective to age and demonstrated significantly stronger relationship with BMD among all fiber types, in terms of its cross-sectional area (r=0.380; p=0.029) and size (r=0.389; p=0.025). Type IIA muscle fibers associated with hip BMD in mean fiber area only (r=0.420; p=0.015). Conclusions Type IIB muscle fiber may play an important role in maintaining bone quality. This may also be a relatively more sensitive fiber type of sarcopenia and osteoporosis. These findings further consolidate the muscle-bone relationship.     

体质量对去卵巢大鼠骨密度影响的初步探讨

目的 观察大鼠去卵巢后体质量变化对股骨骨密度的影响.方法 采用6月龄雌性Wistar大鼠40只,随机分为2组,一组切除双侧卵巢,另一组行假手术.术后监测体质量变化,喂养8周后处死,取股骨检测骨密度(BMD).结果 去卵巢后动物体质量增加明显.去卵巢组阴道细胞学无明显的动情周期,表现为低雌激素状态;子宫横切面积较假手术组显著缩小,且子宫内膜厚度、内膜上皮高度、内膜腺体面积百分比等形态计量指标均小于假手术组(P<0.05).去卵巢组的BMD、骨矿含量(BMC)均低于假手术组,但差异无统计学意义;大鼠单位体质量的BMC在去卵巢组明显降低(P=0.003).经多元逐步回归分析,BMC与第8周体质量正相关、体质量差负相关;标化BMC与体质量差负相关.结论 成功建立去卵巢后骨质疏松动物模型.去卵巢后大鼠一定体质量的增加可能部分减缓去卵巢所致骨量下降,但过度的体质量增加可能导致单位体质量BMC的下降,引起骨质疏松.     

妊娠妇女骨骼密度变化的观察

目的　观察妊娠期到产后妇女骨骼密度的变化。方法　198名妇女,分为四组,妊娠24周63人、36周53人、产后6周58人及对照组24人,运用英国CUBA Clinical定量骨超声分析系统,测定其左侧跟骨的骨密度[宽频超声衰减(BUA)和超声传导速度(VOS)],分析妊娠对骨密度的影响。 结果 四组妇女的BUA没有明显差异,VOS随妊娠发展直到产后逐渐下降,与对照组相比,妊娠24周及36周VOS虽渐有下降,但并无显著性差异,产后6周组妇女VOS值较妊娠组及对照组明显下降(P<0.05)。 结论　妊娠期间存在骨密度下降现象,但到产后6周才能检测到定量骨超声指标的变化。定量骨超声作为一种无福射、无创伤的骨骼强度测定技术,适用于妊娠妇女骨骼强度监测。     

骨化三醇联合摄精消白胶囊对早期糖尿病肾病患者尿蛋白及骨密度的影响

目的 观察骨化三醇联合摄精消白胶囊对早期糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)患者尿蛋白及骨密度的影响.方法 选取2018年7月—2019年12月就诊于本院的早期DN患者94例,按照随机数字表法随机分为3组.对照组29例予以降糖、降压治疗;西药组33例在对照组治疗基础上,予以骨化三醇口服治疗;联合...     

绝经期妇女受教育水平与骨矿密度的关系

研究受教育水平与绝经妇女骨矿密度（BMD）的关系，将648例绝经后妇女，依据接受正规教育的程度分为4组，用双能X线骨密度仪测量腰椎、大转子、Ward三角区和股骨颈的BMD，统计观察各组有关参数的差异性，以及BMD与受教育程度之间的相关性。结果显示：各组在体重指数、体育活动等方面无显著差异；在钙摄入量、生育和哺乳期长短等方面组间显著性差异（P〈0．05）。未受正规教育组的腰椎BMD明显低于其他各组；受大学教育组大转子和Ward三角BMD最高，与未受教育组比较有显著差异性（P〈0．05）。骨质疏松症（OP）的发病与受教育水平有明显相关性。受大学教育组发病率为42．3％，未受正规教育组为64．8％。结论：受教育的水平与BMD之间有明显的相关性。