冷刀宫颈锥切术诊治宫颈上皮内瘤变的临床体会

为了探讨冷刀宫颈锥切术对宫颈上皮内瘤变的诊断治疗作用,并评价临床疗效,回顾性分析因宫颈病变行宫颈细胞学检查、阴道镜下多点活检和宫颈锥切术的患者186例,对比宫颈锥切术和阴道镜下多点活检的病理检查结果,分析冷刀宫颈锥切术的临床疗效和并发症.两者病理完全符合138例,占74.2%,不符合48例,占25.8%.8例(4.3%)患者锥切边缘受累,治愈率为98.9%,复发率为1.1%.发现早期浸润癌5例,其中2例仅行宫颈锥切随访无复发.11例患者后行子宫切除术或扩大子宫切除术.冷刀宫颈锥切术的主要并发症为出血和宫颈管狭窄,发生率分别为4.3%(8/186)和1.6%(3/186).初步研究结果提示,宫颈锥切术比阴道镜下多点活检对宫颈上皮内瘤变的诊断更准确,并具有重要治疗作用.     

宫颈冷刀锥切术在宫颈上皮内瘤变诊治中的评价

背景与目的：宫颈冷刀锥切术(cold knife conization,CKC)是一种经典的诊治方法,本研究取62例宫颈锥切标本,分析宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)的组织学特点,探讨CKC在CIN诊断治疗中的临床意义。方法：对比分析62例行CKC的CIN患者病理标本与术前多点活检的病理所见。结果：CKC与术前多点活检结果完全符合者有44例(71％);有差异者18例(29％),其中4例术前多点活检为CIN2和CIN3,而锥切为CIN3和微小早期浸润癌。62例均为鳞状上皮病变,其中34例为CIN3或以上,病变主要位于移行区,常累及宫颈管,30例(88．2％)同时累及≥2个象限,37例(59．7％)有HPV感染,31例(50％)鳞状上皮化生,8例伴不同程度的非典型增生。切缘病变残留率分别是3．2％(≥CIN2)和8．1％(CIN1),低于文献报道的宫颈环形电切(loop electrosurgieal excision,procedure)的残留率。56例患者随访4个月--14年。均无复发,3例术后妊娠分娩。结论：宫颈锥切在宫颈CIN的诊治中仍有其优势。     

宫颈冷刀锥切术与宫颈电环锥切术治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变的远期随访观察

目的 探讨宫颈冷刀锥切术(CKC)与宫颈电环锥切术(LEEP)治疗宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(CIN)的疗效.方法 180例经阴道镜下多点病理活检确诊为CINⅢ级的患者根据手术方式分为2组,90例患者行CKC治疗作为CKC组,其余90例行LLEP治疗作为LEEP组,记录2组手术情况,随访2 a,记录2组复发率、切缘阳性率、妊娠率.结果 LEEP组手术时间、切口愈合时间及住院时间均较对照组短,术中出血量较对照组少,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);2组术后痊愈率和并发症发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);2组患者术后2 a切缘阳性率、复发率及妊娠率比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05).结论 CKC与LEEP治疗CIN的手术效果及远期疗效相近,但与CKC相比,LEEP手术时间短,术后恢复快.     

宫颈锥切在宫颈上皮内瘤变诊治中的作用

目的:探讨宫颈锥切术在子宫颈上皮内瘤变的诊断及治疗过程中的作用.方法:整理5年来我院宫颈锥切病人49例,对比其一般资料、细胞学、阴道镜下活检及锥切病理报告.结果:宫颈锥切的病人逐年增加.29例(59.2%)细胞学与阴道镜下活检结果一致,20例(40.8%)不一致.18例(36.7%)宫颈锥切与阴道镜下多点活检病理检查结果一致;31例(63.3%)不一致,其中6例(12.2%)宫颈锥切术后病理较阴道镜下多点活检重,25例(51.0%)较阴道镜下多点活检轻.结论:宫颈锥切术是子宫颈上皮肉瘤变病变程度的高级确诊手段,对其他诊断方法有疑问的病例尤其实用.并且,随着CIN及年轻宫颈癌的增多,宫颈锥切术成为有生育要求的年轻患者较恰当的治疗选择.     

宫颈锥切在宫颈上皮内瘤变诊治中的作用

目的：探讨宫颈锥切术在子宫颈上皮内瘤变的诊断及治疗过程中的作用。方法：整理5年来我院宫颈锥切病人49例，对比其一般资料、细胞学、阴道镜下活检及锥切病理报告。结果：宫颈锥切的病人逐年增加。29例(59．2％)细胞学与阴道镜下活检结果一致，20例(40．8％)不一致。18例(36．7％)宫颈锥切与阴道镜下多点活检病理检查结果一致；31例(63.3％)不一致，其中6例(12．2％)宫颈锥切术后病理较阴道镜下多点活检重，25例(51．0％)较阴道镜下多点活检轻。结论：宫颈锥切术是子宫颈上皮肉瘤变病变程度的高级确诊手段，对其他诊断方法有疑问的病例尤其实用。并且，随着CIN及年轻宫颈癌的增多，宫颈锥切术成为有生育要求的年轻患者较恰当的治疗选择。     

宫颈锥切术治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变的疗效及并发症

目的探讨宫颈上皮内瘤变采用宫颈锥切术治疗的临床效果及对术后并发症的影响。方法选取2016年5月至2017年5月间龙泉驿区第一人民医院收治的84例宫颈上皮内瘤变患者,采用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组42例。研究组患者采用宫颈锥切术治疗,对照组患者采用宫颈环形电切术治疗,比较两组患者手术情况及术后并发症发生情况。结果研究组患者治愈率为73. 8%,复发率为2. 4%,对照组患者治愈率为50. 0%,复发率为14. 3%,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。研究组患者术后并发症发生率为7. 1%,低于对照组的26. 2%,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。研究组患者手术时间、出血量、住院时间及住院费用均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。结论宫颈锥切术治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变患者,术后并发症发生率较低,有效降低术后复发率,手术效果更彻底,临床应推广应用。     

宫颈锥切术治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变的临床疗效

宫颈上皮内瘤变( cervical intraepithelial neoplasias , CIN )是与宫颈浸润癌密切相关的1组癌前病变,好发于育龄期妇女,且发病患者越来越年轻[1]. CIN分为3级,一般对Ⅰ级CIN患者无需治疗,病情能自动消失,而Ⅱ、Ⅲ级CIN患者需要治疗,有报道显示CINⅡ病情自动消失的几率更大,但其与CINⅢ的组织学较难区分,因此为安全起见,也需要进行宫颈锥切术[2-3].     

系统回顾:宫颈环形电切术与冷刀锥切术治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变及宫颈原位腺癌的对

由于宫颈癌筛查方案的普及,越来越多的宫颈癌前病变及早期宫颈癌得以及时发现及治疗。宫颈环形电切术（loop electrosurgical excisional procedure,LEEP）及冷刀锥切术（cold knife conization,CKC）作为保守手术方案的代表被广泛使用。本文对LEEP与CKC治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变（cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN）及宫颈原位腺癌（cervical adenocarcinoma in situ,ACIS）的安全性及有效性进行多方面对比,得出以下结果:对于CIN,LEEP虽然较CKC有着更高的术后复发率,但是在手术时间、术中及术后出血量、住院时间、术后感染率、宫颈管狭窄以及阴道镜检查不满意比例等方面有着明显的优势;对于ACIS,LEEP的切缘阳性率显著高于CKC,二者残留病率及复发率无明显差异;考虑到长期并发症,LEEP较CKC有着早产风险低的优势。总之,根据参考文献,LEEP与CKC均为治疗CIN以及ACIS的安全且有效的手段。对于年轻有生育要求患者,LEEP可能是更好的选择,但需术后严密随访。     

宫颈环切术诊治宫颈上皮内瘤变和早期宫颈癌

由于宫颈上皮内瘤变 (CIN)和宫颈癌的早期发现日渐增多 ,患者年龄日趋年轻化 ,宫颈环形电切术 (L EEP)应用于诊断和治疗也不断增加。 L EEP用于治疗宫颈鳞状上皮内瘤变的成功率可达91%～ 98% [1,2 ]。环形电刀是由电极尖端产生高频 (3 .8MHz)电波接触身体后 ,由组织本身阻抗、吸收电波而瞬间产生高热以达到切割效果。术者可通过圆、方、三角形等多种形状而调整所切组织的大小 ,是一种简便、安全的方法。本组研究通过对宫颈 CIN和早期宫颈癌术前 L EEP诊断的结果选择合适的手术方式 ,比较其病理变化 ,讨论 L EEP对宫颈病变的诊断及…     

宫颈上皮内瘤样变锥切术后残留/复发的研究现状

随着宫颈上皮内瘤样变(Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)和宫颈癌患者的年轻化,近年来对CIN的治疗趋于保守,常应用宫颈锥切术(包括冷刀锥切和LEEP锥切)治疗CIN,由于宫颈锥切术治疗CIN不易切净病灶且易复发。因此,CIN术后残留或复发有上升趋势。     

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Cold Knife Conization for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of using cold knife conization for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 186 cases with CIN diagnosed and treated in our hospital; compared the histologic diagnoses from cervical conization and from colposcopic multiple punch biopsies, and then evaluated their postoperative histologic findings and clinical outcomes.RESULTS Of the 186 cases, there was a correlation in histologic findings between cervical conization and colposcopic multiple punch biopsies in 138 cases (74.2%), and there was no correlation in the other 48 cases (25.8%). Incomplete excision was performed in 8 cases (4.3%), but the failure rate was only 1.1%; the cure rate was 98.9%. Five cases with early invasive cancer were found.Eleven patients underwent subsequent hysterectomy. The main complications associated with conization were hemorrhage and cervical stenosis. Bleeding occurred in 8 (4.3%) of the patients, and cervical stenosis occurred in 3 (1.6%).CONCLUSION Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was diagnosed more accurately using conization than by colposcopic multiple punch biopsies. Conization can also play an important role in the treatment for CIN. If properly performed, the procedure has a low risk of complications. It can provide an accurate histologic representation of the disease process, and be curative in most cases.     

Long Term Outcomes of Laser Conization for High Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Thai Women

Aim: To report long term outcomes of laser conization for high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)in Thai women. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in patients undergoing laserconization due to abnormal cervical cytology suggesting neoplasia during 1989 to 1994 and having follow-up datauntil December 2010. Conization was performed under colposcopy using a 0.5-mm CO2 laser beam with powerdensity of 18,000-20,000 watts/cm2, and the surgical base was vaporized using a low power defocused beam. Thefollow-up protocol included cervical cytology and colposcopy. Long term outcome measures were failure rate(persistence and recurrence), post-conization status of transformation zone, and obstetric outcomes. Results:Of 104 patients undergoing conization, 71 had therapeutic conization for high grade CIN and were followed upfor a median time of 115 (range 12-260) months. There was one case of persistent and one of recurrent diseasecomprising a failure rate of 2.8%. The post treatment transformation zone was well visualized in 68.3% of 63patients with an intact uterus. Sixteen patients achieved 25 pregnancies; none had second trimester miscarriage.The obstetric outcomes were unremarkable. Conclusions: Laser conization under colposcopic visualization for thetreatment of high grade CIN in Thai women has a low failure rate of 2.8%. The post-conization transformationzone could not be evaluated completely in approximately 30% of cases; therefore the follow-up protocol shouldinclude both cytology and colposcopy. Obstetric outcomes are not adversely affected by this therapeutic procedure.     

Clinical Outcomes of Cases with Cervical Dysplasia Absent in Cold Knife Conization Specimens

Background: Cold knife conization is a surgical procedure that allows both diagnosis and treatment of cervicallesions at the same time. It is mainly performed for indications of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN). In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical outcome of cases without CIN in cold knife conizationspecimen, following a high-grade lesion (CIN2/3) in cervical biopsy. Materials and Methods: We performed aretrospective cohort study at a tertiary referral hospital between January 1st 2008 and August 1st 2012. Cases thatunderwent cold knife conization for CIN2/3 within the study period were included. Cone-negative (Group 1) andcone-positive (Group 2) cases were analyzed for various clinical parameters, and were compared in the 1-yearpost-conization period for histological recurrence and human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA status. Results: A totalof 173 women underwent cold knife conization for CIN2/3 within the study period. Twenty-two cases (12.7%)were included in Group 1 and 151 cases (87.3%) in Group 2. There were no significant differences between thetwo groups in terms of age, gravidity, parity, menopausal status and HPV-DNA status (pre-conization and 1year post-conization) (p>0.05). Recurrence rates were also similar between the groups (9.1% vs 9.9%, p>0.05).Conclusions: Clinical outcomes were similar in terms of histological recurrence and HPV persistence after 1year of follow-up between cone-negative and cone-positive cases. Clinical follow-up of cone-negative cases shouldtherefore be performed similar to cone-positive cases.     

高级别宫颈上皮内瘤变临床特点与诊治分析

[目的]分析高级别宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）患者的临床及诊治特点,评估彩超、术中冰冻（FSE）的诊断价值。[方法]回顾性分析经手术治疗的CIN2／3患者的临床病理资料,分析术前、术中、术后病理分级转化及手术治疗情况。[结果]①CIN2／3患者的流产率（73．91％）、恶性肿瘤家族史比例（32．02％）均高于正常对照组,与CIN的发生呈正相关。②58．89％（149／253）的CIN2／3病例彩超表现为宫颈回声异常。③FSE漏诊宫颈癌77.33％,未提高高级别CIN的诊断符合率,与PSE一致性较差（Kappa=0．217,P〈0．001）。[结论]高流产率、恶性肿瘤家族史可能与CIN发生有关。彩超对高级别CIN有辅助诊断价值。FSE对术中决策有一定价值,但依据FSE指导手术存在风险。高级别CIN的治疗应避免治疗过度／不足。     

宫颈上皮内瘤变150例临床分析

目的：探讨宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）的诊断及治疗方法。方法：回顾分析1984年1月至1998年12月住院治疗的150例CIN的临床资料。结果宫颈细胞学检查诊断的阳性率为76．65,与宫颈管细胞学检查联合应用诊断的阳性率为78．8％,两者比较无显著性差异。细胞检查结合阴道镜下活检诊断CIN阳性率为95．3％,与单一细胞学诊断相比较,有显著性差异。阴道镜下活检与病理诊断的符合率为91．6％,镜下活检与宫颈管刮术结合诊断的阳性率明显高于单纯阴道镜下活检。141例采用手术治疗,无1例切缘阳性;9例原位癌采用腔内放疗,全组无1例复发或死亡。结论宫颈细胞学检查结合阴道镜检是诊断CIN的有效方法,对绝经后妇女应同时行宫颈管刮术,对不宜手术的原位癌患者可行单纯腔内放疗。     

高危型HPV负荷量和p16INK4A蛋白监测评估宫颈锥切术治疗CIN

[目的]评价高危型人乳头状瘤病毒HPV负荷量的检测和p16INK4A蛋白的表达在预测宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)宫颈锥切术后残存病变或复发中的意义.[方法]回顾性分析142例2008年10月至2010年12月因CIN行宫颈锥形切除术治疗患者的临床资料.所有患者均于宫颈锥形切除术前6个月以内和术后6～12个月进行HPV负荷量检测,并采用免疫组化方法检测HPV DNA阳性患者宫颈细胞中p16INK4A蛋白表达.[结果]宫颈锥切术前,随着CIN级别的上升,HPV负荷量以及p16INK4A蛋白表达均明显增强(P＜0.05).但在宫颈锥切术后,HPV负荷量和p16INK4A蛋白表达明显降低,宫颈锥切术前和术后两者之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).[结论] HPV负荷量持续增高和p16INK4A蛋白持续呈强阳性是宫颈锥切术后发生残存病变或复发的高危因素,在监测HPV负荷量的同时检测p16INK4A蛋白的表达,对判断宫颈锥切术后发生残存病变或复发有重要意义.     

宫颈锥切诊治CIN Ⅲ和宫颈癌ⅠA1期临床观察

[目的]探讨宫颈锥切对宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)Ⅲ及宫颈癌ⅠA1期的诊治作用。[方法]回顾性分析2002年1月至2004年12月行宫颈锥切术的114例患者的临床资料。[结果]宫颈锥切前多点活检准确率为87.7%(100/114)。宫颈粘连狭窄率为3.2%。21例患者补充全子宫切除术,切缘阳性者标本残留率为28.6%(2/7)、阴性者则为14.3%(2/14)。中位随诊16个月,仅行锥切术的93例患者(切缘阳性者2例、切缘阴性者91例),1例切缘阴性者复发(占1.1%)。11例患者有生育要求,已妊娠9例(81.8%),其中早产率为12.5%(1/8)。[结论]宫颈锥切是一种并发症少的手术方法,可提高CINⅢ、宫颈癌ⅠA1期的诊断准确性并有治疗作用。锥切治疗后复发率低,切缘阳性者易有残留,术后应适当处理及密切随诊。     

HR-HPV对CIN冷刀锥切后的随访价值

探讨HR-HPV监测CIN冷刀锥切后病变残余或复发的价值。方法：118例冷刀锥切后患者第3、6、12、18、24个月均检测HR-HPV和细胞学及阴道镜,病理证实存在CIN视为残留或复发。结果：术后病理切缘阳性10例（8.5%）;术后24个月残留或复发18例（15.3%）。术后第6个月HR-HPV转阴率较术后第3个月升高,差异有统计学意义,较6个月后的转阴率无统计学意义。术后第6个月HR-HPV阳性者28例（23.7%）,阳性者发病18例（64.3%）,阴性患者无发病。术后第6个月HR-HPV诊断病变残留或复发的敏感度和特异度分别为100.0%和90.0%,阳性预测价值和阴性预测价值分别为64.3%和100.0%。HR-HPV与TCT正确诊断率为91.5%和81.4%,Youden's指数为0.900和0.598,HR-HPV优于TCT。切缘阳性者残留或复发率（40.0%）较阴性患者（13.0%）高（P=0.045）,切缘阳性者发病风险是阴性者4.5倍（95% CI=1.121～17.866）。结论：术后第6个月HR-HPV检测是监测冷刀锥切后病变残留或复发的早期敏感指标,阳性者密切监测,阴性者常规监测不增加发病风险。此外,切缘阳性是病变残留或复发的一个重要危险因素。     

宫颈上皮内瘤变管理的进展

宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）是一组宫颈癌的癌前病变,它能反应宫颈癌发生发展的连续过程。宫颈癌早诊早治工作的广泛开展,使其预防和治疗关口明显前移。因此,如何规范CIN的管理已成为宫颈癌防治工作的关键。该文针对CIN各级的特性及其管理的新进展进行综述。