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1.
A case of histiocytosis-X with multifocal bone involvement and mediastinal soft tissue infiltration leading to superior vena cava obstruction, is presented. The incidence and the causes of superior vena cava syndrome in the pediatric group are discussed.  相似文献   

2.
P Y Issa  E R Brihi  Y Janin  M S Slim 《Pediatrics》1983,71(3):337-341
Experience with ten children with superior vena cava obstruction is reported. Five patients had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, two had Hodgkin's disease, two had benign lesions, and one patient was suspected on clinical and radiologic basis to have a lymphoma. The clinical situation at presentation was often critical and required rapid treatment. Radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy were used initially as lymphoma was the most frequent cause of obstruction. Urgent thoracotomy was resorted to when treatment failed. Survival with no evidence of disease for more than 5 years was observed in three children: one had a cystic lymphangioma, another had a mediastinal abscess, and the third had a Hodgkin's lymphoma. Review of the literature from 1951 to 1976 revealed that only 24/150 children reported with superior vena cava obstruction syndrome had mediastinal tumors; the remainder developed the obstruction after surgical procedures on the heart or vena cava.  相似文献   

3.
Plastic bronchitis is a condition in which large, bronchial casts with rubber-like consistency develop in the tracheobronchial tree and cause airway obstruction. We describe a 4-year-old girl who had Fontan physiology and who developed plastic bronchitis and report for the first time the use of aerosolized tissue plasminogen activator for treatment of this condition. The literature is reviewed with emphasis placed on the occurrence of this disorder in patients with single ventricle physiology.  相似文献   

4.
A case of histiocytosis-X with multifocal bone involvement and mediastinal soft tissue infiltration leading to superior vena cava obstruction, is presented. The incidence and the causes of superior vena cava syndrome in the pediatric group are discussed.  相似文献   

5.
Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome is a well-recognized clinical entity seen with mediastinal malignancies and intraluminal venous thrombosis. The role of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in the resolution of SVC syndrome caused by thrombosis in the bone marrow transplant settings has not been described. The authors report a case of SVC syndrome with good clinical response in a 16-year-old female with sickle cell disease undergoing an allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) from her HLA identical sibling. Shortly after her transplant, she was found to have significant facial edema and swelling above the neck. Concomitantly, her renal function deteriorated with progressive elevation of serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, requiring the use of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration. An upper extremity venogram showed complete SVC obstruction (type III) with apparent inferior reflux into the azygos system. rt-PA was started at a dose of (0.5 mg/kg/day) for 2 days. There was a dramatic resolution of her symptoms, including significant improvement in renal function with increase in urine output. A repeat venogram showed free flow from the distal tip of the central line consistent with a patent superior vena cava. There was no evidence of any bleeding manifestations with rt-PA. This report highlights the usefulness of rt-PA as a treatment modality for SVC syndrome in the BMT settings.  相似文献   

6.
Right atrial thrombus and superior vena cava syndrome in a child   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
L Graham  C H Gumbiner 《Pediatrics》1984,73(2):225-229
Complications of central venous catheterization are well described. They include right atrial thrombosis and superior vena cava syndrome resulting from impaired venous drainage. Such complications are normally observed while the catheter is in place. They are often transient, resolving upon catheter removal. A patient with recurrent signs of superior vena caval obstruction 1 1/2 years after removal of the central venous catheter is described. The obstruction was determined to be intermittent and functionally related to elevated cardiac output due, in turn, to anemia. This patient was also found to have a calcific right atrial thrombus which was not obstructive.  相似文献   

7.
Superior vena cava syndrome is rare in infants, and rarely responds to conservative treatment. We report a 22-mo-old girl with superior vena cava syndrome due to the use of a central venous line and/or sepsis. Doppler study and computed tomography angiography of the neck showed thrombosis within the superior vena cava and jugular veins. She was admitted to a monitored setting and received recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for 2 d. The clinical features of superior vena cava syndrome disappeared completely 3 d after treatment. No complications were observed and radiological investigations showed blood flow through the thrombus after treatment. Systemic recombinant tissue plasminogen activator may be useful in the treatment of superior vena cava syndrome in children.  相似文献   

8.
Thymic lesions comprise approximately 2–3% of all pediatric mediastinal tumors and include thymic cysts, hyperplasia, carcinoma, and thymomas. Thymomas, which represent less than 1% of all mediastinal tumors, are rare mediastinal tumors in the pediatric population. Fewer than 30 cases in children have been described in the literature. These tumors are typically aggressive, with poor outcomes. We report a thymoma in a 14-year-old girl and review the available literature on thymomas and their treatment.  相似文献   

9.
目的探讨儿童弥漫性泛细支气管炎的诊断和治疗。方法总结1例弥漫性泛细支气管炎患儿的临床、影像学表现以及病理改变,并复习相关文献。结果患儿临床表现为长期咳嗽、咯痰伴喘息,逐渐出现呼吸困难。双肺闻及较多细湿哕音及喘鸣音,杵状指可疑。胸部X线片:两肺透光度增强,左下肺见多发结节及网状影。胸部高分辨CT:两肺广泛分布小叶中心性细小结节影,左下肺局部小支气管壁增厚,双下叶和右中叶少许支气管轻微扩张。副鼻窦科瓦位提示副鼻窦炎。支气管镜肺活检病理提示支气管上皮破坏,管壁可见大量淋巴细胞、少量泡沫状组织细胞、中性粒细胞浸润,有淋巴滤泡形成,周围肺泡壁有少许淋巴细胞、组织细胞浸润,肺泡壁组织增生不明显,偶见局部纤维化并突入肺泡腔。常规肺功能提示混合性通气功能障碍,支气管舒张试验阳性。PaO2 65mm Hg。根据临床、影像表现、病理改变以及目前弥漫性泛细支气管炎的诊断标准,确诊为弥漫性泛细支气管炎。给予小剂量红霉素[5~10mg/(kg·d)]治疗,患儿病情明显好转。结论弥漫性泛细支气管炎可发生于中国儿童。主要诊断依据为慢性咳嗽、咯痰伴喘息,胸部CT表现为两肺弥漫性分布的小结节影,为细支气管中心性或小叶中心性,伴有副鼻窦炎。小剂量红霉素治疗可控制病情。  相似文献   

10.
目的探讨儿童杜氏病的临床诊治。方法回顾分析1例杜氏病患儿的临床表现、内镜下特点和治疗方法,同时复习相关文献。结果患儿,女,2岁5个月。因呕血7小时入院。经内镜下典型表现诊断本病。胃镜显示患儿病变部位为杜氏病好发位置胃角,局部糜烂区中央可见红色小血管裸露于黏膜表面。经胃镜下高频电凝治疗,疗效确切。结论儿童杜氏病临床罕见,缺乏明显临床特征性表现。消化内镜是诊断本病的首选检查方法。内镜下治疗创伤小、疗效确切,为首选治疗方法。  相似文献   

11.
12.
A calcified thrombus in the inferior vena cava of infants and children may be imaged by computed tomography. The precise location of the calcification within the inferior vena cava may be confirmed by computed tomographic scanning during injection of intravenous contrast material.  相似文献   

13.
Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous enterocolitis (PMC), an inflammatory gastrointestinal disease mediated by toxins produced by Clostridium difficile, is increasingly recognized in the pediatric population. We report a case of fulminant PMC in an otherwise normal 2 1/2-year-old child after antibiotic therapy given for a routine childhood illness. The patient had debilitating colitis marked by severe diarrhea, a generalized electrolyte derangement, an extreme protein-losing enteropathy state, rectal prolapse, ascites, pleural effusion, varicella and multiple relapses. The child required specific antimicrobial therapy as well as aggressive supportive care to achieve recovery. A review of the literature for pediatric cases of PMC revealed reported cases in all age groups; the youngest was 5 days old. There were 9 deaths in 43 cases for a mortality rate of about 20%. All but 2 of the cases were associated with antibiotic therapy. The antibiotics most frequently implicated were ampicillin (15), penicillin (11), cephalosporins (7), amoxicillin (6) and clindamycin (5). The onset of symptoms of PMC can begin at any time while the child is taking an antibiotic or up to 21 days after it is discontinued. Children with underlying gastrointestinal motility disorders such as Hirschsprung's disease are predisposed to PMC. Fulminant PMC is a serious but uncommon infectious disease of infancy and childhood, occurring as a complication of routine antibiotic therapy for common childhood illnesses.  相似文献   

14.
Retropharyngeal abscess is a rare but serious disease in children. Salmonella species are uncommon causative agents of deep neck infections. We present the clinical course of a 10-year-old boy with a retropharyngeal abscess caused by Salmonella lomita and review 18 previously published cases.  相似文献   

15.
A 2-year-old boy with cardiomyopathy and clinical signs of cardiac failure presented with an echodense structure in the left ventricle. This structure was seen from different echocardiographic views adjacent to a hypokinetic area of the apex and lateral free wall. It was different in texture and motion from the underlying myocardium and thus met the diagnostic criteria of a left ventricular thrombus. This thrombus protruded into the cavum and was partly mobile. In view of a high embolic risk, thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator was started. The thrombus resolved within 72 h without any embolic or bleeding complications. No recurrence of the thrombus was observed during a 3-month follow up period.  相似文献   

16.
17.
OBJECTIVE: Thoracobiliary fistula, subsequent to a combined thoracic and hepatic blunt trauma, is a rare complication, which calls for a high index of suspicion during diagnostic workup. Due to its uncommon nature, especially in children, and hence the paucity of reports in literature, no consensus has been reached on its optimal management. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We report on a 4-yr-old girl, who developed a cholothorax after a blunt thoracoabdominal trauma. She was successfully treated through conservative management with drainage, antibiotics, and a low-fat diet. The cases previously described in the English literature are reviewed, and management is discussed. CONCLUSION: The recent tendency to observe rather than explore abdominal trauma and the absence of a definitive diagnostic test for diaphragmatic injury may contribute to a delayed diagnosis of the components that may result in the development of a fistula. Literature review substantiates endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography as the imaging modality of choice, because it has the potential of therapeutic intervention by sphincterotomy or stent placement. A nonoperative approach was successful in this case.  相似文献   

18.
Blistering disorders in childhood are usually difficult to diagnose and pose complicated management dilemmas. The incidence of herpes zoster in children with malignancy and immunodeficiency is greatly increased compared to normal children of comparable age. Although herpes zoster is known to occur in children with malignancy, the bullous form of herpes zoster is rare; to the authors' knowledge, there was no previous report of this phenomenon in children in general and in children with cancer in particular. The authors describe a 3.5-year-old girl who was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia; 7 months after presentation, during chemotherapy treatment, she developed the bullous form of herpes zoster on her right hand. The authors describe the method of diagnosis and provide a review of the literature concerning this rare phenomenon. Recognizing this entity and differentiating it from other bullomatous conditions enable the application of appropriate treatment, without unnecessary delay.  相似文献   

19.
A rare case of intramedullary gliofibroma in a 12-year-old girl is reported. MRI revealed an intramedullary tumor with two different intensities, and these portions showed different staining patterns after gadolinium contrast enhancement, with faint enhancement at the periphery and strong enhancement in the central portion. Intraoperatively, the tumor had a relatively clear margin to the spinal cord and was composed of two portions of different consistencies, one soft in the periphery and the other elastic and firm in the central portion. This tumor was grossly, totally removed. The patient made a full recovery and there was no recurrence 2 years and 9 months after operation. There have only been 7 previous case reports of spinal intramedullary gliofibroma. Gliofibroma is usually a relatively benign astroglial variant. Recognition of such a variant is clinically important in considering the extent of the operation and postoperative adjuvant therapy.  相似文献   

20.
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