大叶性肺炎患儿诱导痰液中T细胞亚群、细胞因子的变化及其意义

目的探讨大叶性肺炎患儿诱导痰液中T淋巴细胞亚群、细胞因子的变化及其临床意义。方法选取我院确诊的大叶性肺炎患儿148例(肺炎组),收治时间2015年8月-2017年8月,另选取健康儿童80名作为对照组,检测两组诱导痰液中的T淋巴细胞亚群、细胞因子水平,并根据临床肺部感染评分(CPIS)将肺炎组分为重症组和轻症组进行亚组分析。结果肺炎组诱导痰液中CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+的水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05);肺炎组诱导痰液中的IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α的水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05);轻症组诱导痰液中CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+的水平均显著低于重症组(P0.05);轻症组诱导痰液中的IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α的水平均显著低于重症组(P0.05)。结论大叶性肺炎患儿诱导痰液中T淋巴细胞亚群、细胞因子水平升高显著,提示患儿免疫功能紊乱,并且与患儿病情变化相关。     

手足口病患儿T淋巴细胞亚群与NK细胞和血清白介素、TNF-α变化的研究

目的探讨手足口病患儿机体T淋巴细胞亚群、NK细胞及血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、IL-10、IL-17、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)变化,分析其在手足口病疾病发生及发展中可能所起的作用。方法选取2014年1月-2015年8月诊治的手足口病患儿100例为手足口病组,以1∶1比例随机选取同期门诊健康体检儿童100名为对照组,采用流式细胞仪检测外周T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3+、CD4+、CD8+)、NK细胞占淋巴细胞百分比,以酶联免疫吸附法测定血清IL-6、IL-10、IL-17、TNF-α,数据采用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行分析。结果 CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、NK细胞水平手足口病组为(43.23±6.18)(39.51±4.56)(30.44±5.01)(12.49±6.29)%、对照组为(53.29±5.72)(43.29±5.43)(25.11±4.72)(9.31±5.21)%,血清IL-6、IL-10、IL-17、TNF-α水平手足口病组为(31.73±15.45)(39.53±14.74)(33.23±12.34)(2.67±0.47)pg/ml,对照组为(18.32±5.80)(24.98±5.49)(25.11±4.72)(1.70±0.42)pg/ml,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);手足口病组普通型CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、NK细胞水平为(46.54±5.13)(44.14±4.22)(26.14±5.42)%(10.04±5.15)%,重症型为(38.66±4.65)(33.11±5.40)(31.15±4.77)(15.88±5.75)%,血清IL-6、IL-10、IL-17、TNF-α水平普通型为(23.15±10.66)(30.42±10.55)(29.65±10.89)(2.33±0.43)pg/ml,重症型为(43.57±18.90)(52.12±16.61)(38.18±16.55)(3.13±0.49)pg/ml,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论手足口病患儿存在免疫功能紊乱,主要表现为T淋巴细胞亚群水平紊乱,血清IL-6、IL-10、IL-17、TNF-α升高。     

重症手足口病与细胞免疫功能的关系

目的探讨手足口病患儿的细胞免疫功能水平与患儿病情严重程度的关系。方法选择我院在2014年1月至2015年1月期间收治的312例手足口病患儿作为研究对象,按照患儿病情分为轻症组(n=134)、重症组(n=178),并选择同期来我院健康体检的150儿童作为对照组,采用流式细胞仪检测T细胞亚群百分率。结果重症组患儿的CD3、CD4、CD8均明显低于轻症组、对照组,均P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义;轻症组患儿的CD3、CD4、CD8明显低于对照组,均P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义;轻症组、重症组患儿的CD4/CD8明显低于对照组,P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义;轻症组患儿NK细胞为0.14±0.06、B淋巴细胞为0.15±0.07,重症组患儿NK细胞为0.15±0.07、B淋巴细胞为0.17±0.08,对照组儿童NK细胞为0.13±0.06、B淋巴细胞为0.15±0.06,三组受试者的NK细胞、B淋巴细胞检测值均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论因肠道病毒71型(EV71)感染手足口病患儿细胞免疫功能降低可能是导致手足口病病情加重的原因,通过及时了解患儿的细胞免疫功能变化对及早干预并治疗重症手足口病具有积极影响。     

手足口病患儿T淋巴细胞亚群与NK细胞和血清白细胞介素、TNF-α变化的研究

目的观察手足口病患儿T淋巴细胞亚群与NK细胞和血清白细胞介素、TNF-α的变化情况。方法选取在医院进行诊治的100例手足口病患儿为观察组,同时期的100例体检健康儿童为对照组,检测与比较两组儿童的外周血T淋巴细胞亚群与NK细胞和血清白细胞介素、TNF-α水平,同时比较不同严重程度、感染类型及分期手足口病患儿的上述指标检测水平。结果观察组患儿的T淋巴细胞亚群与NK细胞和血清白细胞介素、TNF-α均差于对照组儿童,且不同严重程度及分期手足口病患儿的检测结果差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而不同感染类型手足口病患儿的检测结果则差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论手足口病患儿T淋巴细胞亚群与NK细胞和血清白细胞介素、TNF-α的表达相对较差,且严重程度及分期是对其表达影响较大的因素,应重视对手足口病患儿进行上述指标的监测与调节。     

EV71感染手足口病不同程度患儿T细胞亚群、免疫球蛋白水平变化探讨

目的探析感染EV71重症手足口病细胞因子水平与免疫球蛋白水平的变化。方法入选我院2012年1月至2013年11月EV71感染的手足口神经系统受累期患儿104例,按病情严重程度分入A组（重症急性期患儿）、B组（普通组）,每组52例,应用ELISA法检测所有研究对象的IL-6、IL-10、TNF—α／、TGF-β血清浓度,比较两组患儿的免疫球蛋白水平、T细胞亚群水平变化。结果A组的IgA、IgG、IgM等指标水平显著高于B组（P＜O．05）;A组重症手足口病患儿的T细胞亚群CD3＋、CD4＋、CD4＋／CD8＋水平显著低于B组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论重症手足口病患儿血清免疫球蛋白指标呈高浓度状态,T细胞亚群指标呈现低浓度状态。结合患儿的临床表现．更准确地早期识别重症病例。     

小儿喉炎患者T淋巴细胞亚群及痰液相关炎症细胞因子的变化

目的研究喉炎患儿T淋巴细胞亚群及痰液相关炎症细胞因子的变化情况。方法选取50例喉炎患儿为观察组,50例健康同龄小儿为对照组,检测两组外周血T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4/CD8)、红细胞免疫(ATER、DTER、ETER、FEER、FEIR)及痰液炎症因子(IL-5、IL-8、IL-10、CRP、TNF-α)水平,并比较轻度、中度及重度喉炎患儿的上述指标检测水平。结果观察组的外周血CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4/CD8 T淋巴细胞亚群均明显低于对照组(P0.05),CD8~+T细胞明显高于对照组(P0.05);观察组ATER、DTER、ETER、FEER均低于对照组(P0.05),FEIR则高于对照组(P0.05);观察组的痰液相关炎症细胞因子水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。重度喉炎患儿T淋巴细胞亚群、红细胞免疫水平均明显差于轻、中度患儿(P0.05),中度患儿淋巴细胞亚群分布差于轻度患儿(P0.05);重度患儿痰液相关炎症细胞因子水平高于轻中、度患儿(P0.05),中度患儿痰液相关炎症细胞因子水平高于轻度患儿(P0.05)。结论喉炎患儿综合免疫状态相对较差,痰液相关炎症细胞因子呈现较高的状态,其临床检测价值相对较高。     

布地奈德辅助治疗对支气管哮喘患儿血清T淋巴细胞亚群及相关细胞因子的影响

目的探讨布地奈德辅助治疗对支气管哮喘患儿血清T淋巴细胞亚群及相关细胞因子的影响。方法将70例支气管哮喘患儿分为实验组与对照组各35例。对照组予以常规治疗,实验组在对照组基础上采用布地奈德辅助治疗。比较两组患儿治疗前后的血清T淋巴细胞亚群、细胞因子水平以及不良反应。结果治疗后,两组的CD3+、 CD4+、 CD4+/CD8+水平提高,CD8+水平降低(P <0.05);实验组的CD3+、 CD4+、 CD4+/CD8+水平高于对照组,CD8+水平低于对照组(P <0.05)。治疗后,两组的血清IL-12、 IL-1β、 CRP、 TNF-α水平降低,且实验组的血清IL-12、 IL-1β、 CRP、 TNF-α水平低于对照组(P <0.05)。两组患儿治疗期间不良反应发生率比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论布地奈德辅助治疗支气管哮喘患儿的效果满意,可有效改善血清T淋巴细胞亚群与细胞因子水平,值得推广。     

手足口病患儿外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、血清炎性因子和前清蛋白的表达及临床意义

目的检测手足口病(HFMD)患儿外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、血清炎性因子和前清蛋白的表达水平,并探讨其临床意义。方法选取2015年1月-2017年6月该院收治的53例HFMD患儿为研究对象,将其中的19例重症HFMD患儿作为重症组,34例轻症HFMD患儿作为轻症组,并选取该院同期体检的33例健康儿童作为健康对照组。测定并对比3组受试儿童外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、血清白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)和前清蛋白水平。结果重症组血清PCT、hs-CRP、IL-6水平以及外周血CD8~+水平高于轻症组和健康对照组,且轻症组高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05);重症组血清前清蛋白水平以及外周血CD3~+、CD4~+以及CD4~+/CD8~+水平低于轻症组和健康对照组,且轻症组低于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。重症组血清PCT、前清蛋白、hs-CRP、IL-6阳性率高于轻症组和健康对照组,且轻症组高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。结论外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、血清炎性因子和前清蛋白水平在HFMD患儿中呈高表达,并与病情严重程度相关,可作为HFMD诊治以及病情判断的参考指标。     

手足口病患儿外周血检测的临床意义

目的探究检测手足口病患儿体内外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及免疫球蛋白水平的临床价值。方法选取天津市东丽区东丽医院2015年1月-2017年1月手足口病患儿142例,其中重症手足口病患儿32例为观察1组,轻型手足口病患儿110例为观察2组,另选40例健康儿童作为对照组,分别在入院后一周内检查其体内外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及免疫球蛋白水平,记录并进行对比分析。结果观察1组CD3~+T细胞、CD4~+T细胞、CD8~+T细胞所占比例以及IgG、IgA水平明显较观察2组及健康对照组低,观察2组低于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);三组CD4~+T/CD8~+T、IgM水平相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论检测手足口病患儿外周血T淋巴细胞和免疫球蛋白水平对研究手足口病发病机理和致病机制、确定患儿病情、防控重症患儿病情恶化将起到显著作用。     

手足口病患儿外周血淋巴细胞亚群变化研究

目的探讨临床不同分型手足口病患儿外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平变化研究。方法选择2012年6月至2015年11月诊断手足口病患儿150例,依据2010年版手足口病诊疗指南,按照患儿入院病情严重程度分为普通组120例与重症组30例。入院后第24h采用流式细胞术检测外周血T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3~+T细胞、CD4~+T细胞、CD4~+/CD8~+T细胞比及CD4~+CD25~+调节性T淋巴细胞比例变化),采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清中IL-10以及TGF-β1水平变化,分析2组患者血清IL-10、TGF-β1水平以及外周血CD3~+T细胞、CD4~+T细胞、CD4~+/CD8~+T细胞比及CD4~+CD25~+调节性T淋巴细胞比例变化差异。结果重症组与普通组患儿外周血CD3~+T细胞[(50.61±5.83)%比(59.08±6.21)%,t=3.017]、CD4~+T细胞[(23.87±3.91)%比(32.90±4.06)%,t=2.874]、CD4~+/CD8~+T细胞比[(1.05±0.47)%比(1.43±0.51)%,t=2.478]明显减少,外周血CD4~+CD25~+调节性T淋巴细胞比例[(17.42±3.85)%比(11.09±3.26)%,t=2.804]明显减少,,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。血清IL-10[(37.90±6.17)ug/L比(11.09±3.28)ug/L,t=2.873],TGF-β1[(41.09±5.83)ug/L比(13.80±4.27)ug/L,t=2.905]水平明显升高,2组间点比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论重症手足口病患儿发病后免疫调节机制紊乱,表现为抑制性调节性T细胞水平升高,炎性细胞因子分泌增多,水平升高,机体处于免疫抑制状态。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.