富硒灵芝对非酒精性脂肪性肝病大鼠酰基辅酶A氧化酶水平的影响

目的：观察富硒灵芝对高脂诱导的非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）大鼠肝脏病理学、胆碱酯酶（CHE）、总胆红素（TBIL）、总胆汁酸（TBA）、总蛋白以及酰基辅酶A氧化酶1（ACOX1）表达的影响。方法60只SD大鼠分为空白对照组、模型对照及富硒灵芝3组,NAFLD动物模型建立后,富硒灵芝组给予富硒灵芝水灌胃治疗,模型对照组给予生理盐水灌胃,空白对照组不加以干涉,分别在治疗6、12周后处死大鼠各半,观察其肝脏病理及相关指标变化。结果肝脏病理学检查：模型对照组6周和12周大鼠均存在明显的肝脏脂肪沉积;富硒灵芝组6周肝脏沉积明显减少,12周几乎恢复到正常的水平。CHE、TBIL、直接胆红素、间接胆红素富硒灵芝组较模型对照组在6周时即发生了显著的变化,12周时变化呈现出稳定状态（P＜0．05）;富硒灵芝组也可明显降低大鼠血清中TBA、总蛋白;富硒灵芝治疗后,大鼠ACOX1的mRNA和蛋白表达在第6周只呈现出微小的变化,12周时差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论富硒灵芝可明显改善高脂饮食诱导的大鼠肝脏脂肪含量,调节CHE、TBIL及TBA等,同时增加ACOX1的表达,可能对NAFLD具有一定的防治作用。     

富硒灵芝对动脉粥样硬化大鼠血脂代谢及内皮细胞损伤的影响

目的：通过观察富硒灵芝对动脉粥样硬化大鼠血中血脂、一氧化氮（NO）、内皮素-1（ET-1）、血栓素B2（TXB2）和6-酮-前列腺素F1α（6-keto-PGF1α）活性的影响,探讨其抗动脉粥样硬化的作用机制。方法：采用腹腔注射VitD3及喂养高脂饲料方法复制动脉粥样硬化大鼠模型。将50只大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、富硒灵芝高剂量组、富硒灵芝低剂量组、血脂康阳性药对照组。测定各组大鼠血中血脂、NO、ET-1、TXB2、6-keto-PGF1α含量。结果：与模型对照组比较,富硒灵芝可显著降低动脉粥样硬化大鼠TC、TG、LDL-C、ET-1、TXB2水平,升高HDL-C、NO、6-keto-PGF1α水平。结论：富硒灵芝能调节动脉粥样硬化大鼠脂质代谢异常,并对内皮细胞损伤有一定的保护作用。     

黄芪多糖对2型糖尿病ZDF大鼠血糖及肝脏脂代谢影响

目的观察黄芪多糖对2型糖尿病ZDF大鼠血糖及肝脏脂代谢的影响。方法选取30只成年雄性ZDF大鼠,随机分为模型组、APS低剂量、APS中剂量组、APS高剂量组和二甲双胍组;另取6只成年雄性ZDF(fa/+)大鼠作为正常组。实验组灌胃给予相应剂量药物,模型组和正常组灌胃给予生理盐水溶液,测定各组ZDF大鼠体重、空腹血糖;肝脂代谢指标:TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C含量;肝损伤指标:AST、ALT活性;肝脏病理学检测,从而探讨APS对2型糖尿病ZDF大鼠血糖及肝脏脂代谢的影响。结果给药前实验组大鼠体重、空腹血糖显著增高,TC、TG、LDL-C显著增加,符合糖尿病症状,且肝损伤存在一定程度损伤;予APS后各实验组大鼠体重较模型组显著降低(P0.05),同时与给药前相比体重显著性降低(P0.05);空腹血糖较模型组显著性降低(P0.05),其中黄芪多糖大剂量降血糖作用最为显著(P0.01),与给药前相比得出同样的结论;各实验组大鼠TC、TG、LDL-C较模型组均有降低趋势,其中APS高剂量组TC、TG、LDL-C含量下降最显著(P0.05);肝损伤方面,各给药组大鼠ALT、AST较模型组均有降低趋势,且APS高剂量组最为显著(P0.05);肝脏HE结果显示模型组细胞核皱缩,胞质呈网丝状,细胞间存在明显脂滴沉积;予APS后,肝脏细胞形态趋于正常,部分细胞内存在细小脂滴,肝小叶结构正常,肝细胞索呈放射状排列。结论黄芪多糖通过降血糖和纠正肝脏脂代谢紊乱,改善肝脏脂滴沉积,对抗糖尿病引起的肝损伤,从而起到抗2型糖尿病的作用。     

利培酮对首发精神分裂症患者代谢指标的影响

目的探讨利培酮对首发精神分裂症患者代谢指标的影响。方法对62例住院治疗的首发精神分裂症患者单用利培酮片2~6mg/d口服,共治疗8周。分别在治疗前后检测患者的糖脂代谢指标[空腹血糖（FGB）、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）],同时测量体重、血压。观察并比较患者治疗前后上述指标的变化。同时按利培酮片使用剂量分为有效治疗高剂量组（4~6mg/d）和低剂量组（1~3mg/d）,比较两组治疗后上述指标。结果62例患者治疗后,收缩压、舒张压、FGB、HDL-C水平均明显下降（均P＜0.05）,TG、LDL-C水平有所升高（均P＜0.05）;而体重变化不明显（P＞0.05）。高剂量组治疗后FGB水平低于低剂量组（P＜0.05）;其余糖脂代谢指标及体重、血压比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。Pearson相关分析结果显示,利培酮剂量与治疗后FGB水平呈负相关（r=-0.373,P＜0.05）;与其余糖脂代谢指标及体重、血压均无关（均P＞0.05）。结论利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症患者时,对患者的糖脂代谢有一定的影响。因此,在治疗过程中需监测糖脂代谢指标,及时调整治疗方案,保证疗效和安全性。     

黄连素联合二甲双胍对实验性高脂血症的降血脂作用

目的 探讨黄连素合用二甲双胍（B-M合剂,2∶1）对高脂血症大鼠和小鼠的降血脂作用.方法 高脂饲料喂养建立大鼠慢性高脂血症模型,分为正常组、模型组、B-M合剂三个剂量组（280 mg/kg、140 mg/kg、70 mg/kg）、二甲双胍组（140 mg/kg）,每组10只,灌胃给药21d,取血清测定甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平.尾静脉注射Triton WR-1339建立小鼠急性高脂血症模型,分为正常组、模型组、B-M合剂三个剂量组（400 mg/kg、200 mg/kg、100 mg/kg）、二甲双胍组（200 mg/kg）,每组10只,造模前3d开始灌胃给药,造模后24h取血清测定TG、TC、HDL-C和LDL-C水平.结果 B-M合剂各剂量均能明显降低高脂血症大鼠血清TG、TC和LDL-C水平,与模型组比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）. B-M合剂各剂量能降低高脂血症小鼠血脂水平,其中高剂量组血清TG、TC、HDL-C和LDL-C水平比模型组均显著降低（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,中剂量组明显降低血清TG、TC和LDL-C水平（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,低剂量组则主要降低血清LDL-C水平（P＜0.05）.降血脂效应呈现出一定的剂量相关性.结论 黄连素合用二甲双胍可有效改善高脂血症的脂质代谢紊乱.     

2型糖尿病患者血糖控制情况与HbA1c、25-羟维生素D、脂肪代谢的关系

目的 分析2型糖尿病患者血糖控制情况和HbA1c（糖化血红蛋白）、25-羟维生素D、脂肪代谢的关系。方法 选择2016年1月—2017年1月在本院就诊的经OGTT试验确诊为2型糖尿病的84例患者,按照HbA1c水平将所有患者分为A组（HbA1c＞6%）46例、B组（HbA1c≤6%）38例,以同期健康体检者42例为对照组,监测并记录血清TC（总胆固醇）、TG（甘油三脂）、HDL-C（高密度脂蛋白）、LDL-C（低密度脂蛋白）、25(OH)D3（25-羟维生素D3）。结果 与对照组相比,A、B两组的TC、TG、LDL-C均明显升高,HDL-C、25(OH)D3均明显降低,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;与A组相比,B组患者的HDL-C无明显变化,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,而TC、TG、LDL-C明显降低,25(OH)D3明显升高,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。分析结果得出,25(OH)D3与TC、TG、LDL-C、HbA1c呈现出负相关的关系（相关系数分别为-0.237、-0.214、-0.340、-0.768,均P＜0.05）,25(OH)D3与HDL-C没有相关性（P＞0.05）。结论 针对2型糖尿病,HbA1C、25-羟维生素D、脂肪代谢的水平与血糖的控制情况息息相关。     

EFFECTS OF PURENDAN SUPERFINE POWDER ON BLOOD GLUCOSE AND BLOOD LIPID OF TYPE 2 DIABETES RATS

目的:观察菩人丹超微粉(PRD)对2型糖尿病大鼠血糖(BG)和血脂的影响.方法:36只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为3组,正常对照组、糖尿病模型组和PRD治疗组,每组12只.糖尿病模型组和PRD治疗组大鼠均采用链脲佐菌素连续腹腔注射建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型.模型成功建立后,PRD治疗组大鼠给予PRD灌胃3个月.分别检测各组大鼠的BG,血甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C).结果:与正常对照组比较,糖尿病模型组大鼠的BG、TG、TC、LDL-C明显升高(P＜0.05),HDL-C明显降低(P＜0.05).与糖尿病模型组比较,PRD治疗组大鼠的BG、TG、TC和LDL-C明显降低(P＜0.05),HDL-C明显升高(P＜0.05).结论:PRD可有效降低2型糖尿病大鼠BG和改善血脂代谢紊乱.     

盐酸二甲双胍联合胰岛素治疗2型糖尿病患者临床观察

目的观察2型糖尿病患者应用胰岛素加用盐酸二甲双胍治疗后患者血糖影响。方法对28例2型糖尿病患者均正常胰岛素治疗分为两组：一组加盐酸二甲双胍片,一组只应用胰岛素治疗。疗程4周分别观察两组治疗前后空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2小时血糖（2hPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、总胆固醇（CHO）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度胆固醇（HDL-C）,两组治疗后FGP、2hPG、HbA1c均显著下降,血脂异常也有不同程度的改善。其中一组较二组胰岛素用量减少,血糖下降更为显著,脂代谢异常纠正更为明显。结论加用盐酸二甲双胍后可显著降低血糖、调整脂代谢异常、减少胰岛素用量、减轻体重。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者腰臀比与糖脂代谢、胰岛素样生长因子-1及胰岛素抵抗的相关性

目的: 研究多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS)患者腰臀比与糖脂代谢、胰岛素样生长因子-1(insulin like growth factor-1, IGF-1)、胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance, IR)的相关性。方法: 选择2018年1月至2021年9月南京医科大学附属江苏盛泽医院收治的PCOS患者110例作为PCOS组,另选择同期健康体检者60例作为对照组。测定两组腰臀比、糖脂代谢指标、IGF-1以及稳态模式IR指数(HOMA-IR),其中糖脂代谢指标包括空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PBG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)和空腹胰岛素(FINS)。将PCOS组中腰臀比≥0.80的患者纳入腹型肥胖组,＜0.80的患者纳入非腹型肥胖组,比较两组糖脂代谢指标、IGF 1及HOMA IR。采用Pearson相关分析PCOS患者腰臀比与糖脂代谢、IGF 1及IR的相关性。采用ROC曲线分析腰臀比对PCOS患者糖脂代谢异常、IGF 1及IR的预测价值。结果: 与对照组相比,PCOS组腰臀比、2 h PBG、LDL-C、TG、FINS、IGF-1、HOMA-IR水平均明显增高,HDL-C水平明显降低(P均＜0.05),FPG、TC水平差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05)。与非腹型肥胖组相比,腹型肥胖组2 h PBG、LDL-C、TG、FINS、IGF-1、HOMA-IR水平明显增高,HDL-C水平明显降低(P均＜0.05),FPG、TC水平差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05)。PCOS患者腰臀比与2 h PBG、TG、IGF-1、HOMA IR呈明显正相关,与HDL-C呈明显负相关(P均＜0.05)。腰臀比对PCOS患者血糖、血脂代谢异常及IR均具有较好的预测价值(AUC分别为0.821、0.793、0.782)。结论:PCOS患者尤其是腰臀比较高的患者表现为明显的糖脂代谢紊乱、IGF-1异常增高以及IR,且腰臀比对PCOS患者糖脂代谢异常、IR具有较好的预测价值。     

瑞舒伐他汀调控Sirt1/NF-κB信号通路干预阿霉素损伤小鼠肝脏的研究

目的 探讨Sirt1/NF-κB信号通路在阿霉素诱导小鼠肝脏损伤中的作用及瑞舒伐他汀对该通路的干预效果。 方法 30只8周龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠,随机分为3组。干预组预先给予瑞舒伐他汀悬液10 mg/(kg·d) 5 d,与模型组分别给予阿霉素15 mg/kg建立肝脏损伤模型,干预组继续瑞舒伐他汀干预5 d。末次灌胃24 h后处死全部小鼠,半自动生化仪检测血清血脂、肝功能;同时检测肝组织匀浆SOD、MDA含量;HE观察各组小鼠肝脏细胞形态变化;免疫组化法检测肝脏Sirt1、NF-κB的表达。 结果 与对照组相比,模型组血清TC、TG、LDL-C、ALT、AST明显升高(P＜0.05),HDL-C显著降低(P＜0.05),匀浆MDA增多,SOD降低(P＜0.05),肝细胞肿胀,血管拥挤,淋巴细胞浸润,Sirt1表达减少,NF-κB增加(P＜0.05)。干预组较模型组血清TC、TG、LDL-C、ALT、AST明显降低(P＜0.05),HDL-C明显升高(P＜0.05),SOD增多,MDA降低(P＜0.05),肝细胞结构完整、炎细胞减少,Sirt1表达增加,NF-κB降低(P＜0.05)。 结论 瑞舒伐他汀通过调控Sirt1/NF-κB表达,有效保护阿霉素诱导的肝脏毒性损伤。      

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.